Djabugay (or Djabuganjdji; see below for other names) is an endangered Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Djabugay people with 46 native speakers at the 2016 census.[3][2] The Djabugay language region includes Far North Queensland, particularly around the Kuranda Range and Barron River catchment, and the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Cairns Regional Council.[4]
| Djabugay | |
|---|---|
| Region | Queensland, Australia |
| Ethnicity | Djabugay, Buluwai, Yirrganydji (Irukandji) |
Native speakers | 81 (2021 census)[1] |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | dyy |
| Glottolog | dyaa1242 |
| AIATSIS[3] | Y106 |
| ELP | Djabugay |
 Djabugay is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Classification edit
Though sometimes placed in a separate Yidinyic branch of Pama–Nyungan, Bowern (2011) retains Djabugay in its traditional place within the Paman languages.[5]
Dialects edit
The following languages are confirmed dialects of Djabugay by the AUSTLANG database maintained by Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Djabugay is used both as a language name and a dialect name.[3] Additional names for these languages and/or dialects have been listed after their names but terms do overlap and the lists are not exhaustive.
- Y106: Djabugay / Tjapukai – Barron River dialect, Binggu, Bulum-Bulum, Buluwai, Check-Cull, Chewlie, Dja:bugay, Djabugai, Djabuganjdji, Djabungandji, Dyaabugay, Dyabugandyi, Dyabugay, Hileman, Irukandjai, Kikonjunkulu, Kodgotto, Koko-Tjumbundji, Koko njunkulu, Koko nyungalo, Koko Tjumbundji, Kokonjunkulu, Kokonyungalo, Ngarlkadjie, Njakali, Nyakali, Orlow, Tapelcay, Tcabogai tjanji, Tja:pukanja, Tjabakai-Thandji, Tjabogai tjandji, Tjabogai tjanji, Tjabogaijanji, Tjabogaitjandji, Tjankir, Tjankun, Tjapukandji, Tjapukanja, Tjapunkandji, Tjunbundji, Toabogai tjani, Tuffelcey[3][4][6]
- Y110: Bulway – Buluwan dyi, Buluwandji, Buluwandyi, Bulwandji, Bulwandyi[7][8]
- Y111: Yirrgay – Chumchum, Dingal, Djabungandji, Dungara, Dungarah, Illagona, Irakanji, Irukandji, Tingaree, Tingeree, Umbay, Walpoll, Wongulli, Yerkanji, Yettkie, Yirgandji, Yirgay, Yirkandji, Yirkanji[9][10]
- Y160: Guluy – Dyaabugay[11]
- Y162: Nyagali – Njagali[12]
Phonology edit
| Labial | Apico- alveolar |
Retroflex | Lamino- palatal |
Dorso- velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b | d | ɟ | g | |
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Rhotic | r | ɻ | |||
| Semivowel | w | j |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | u uː |
| Low | a aː | |
Vocabulary edit
Some words from the Djabugay language, as spelt and written by Djabugay authors include:[4][14]
- Bulurru: elsewhere known as Dreaming, the source of life.
- Gurrabana: where people and everything in Djabugay society and life is divided between wet and dry, this is the wet season side.
- Gurraminya: where people and everything in Djabugay society and life is divided between wet and dry, this is the dry season side.
- Djirri-nyurra: hello
- Guyu: fish
- Gan gula: kangaroo
- Bulmba: home
- Bana: rain
- Wuru: river
- Bungan: sun
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021). "Cultural diversity: Census". Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ a b Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxii.
- ^ a b c d Y106 Djabugay at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ a b c
This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Djabugay published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 16 May 2022.
- ^ Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, December 23, 2011 (corrected February 6, 2012)
- ^ "Djabugay". Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ "Y110 Bulway". AUSTLANG. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Bulway published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 20 May 2022.
- ^ "Y111 Yirrgay". AUSTLANG. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Irukandji published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 20 May 2022.
- ^ "Y160 Guluy". AUSTLANG. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ "Y162 Nyagali". AUSTLANG. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ a b Patz, Elisabeth. “Djabugay.” In Handbook of Australian Languages Vol. 4, edited by R. M. W. Dixon and Barry J. Blake, 4:245–347. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1991.
- ^ Duffin, Rhonda & Brim, Rosetta (1993?) Ngapi Garrang Bulurru-m: All Things Come from Bulurru. Kuranda, Queensland. ISBN 0-646-09380-0.
Further reading edit
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Language Wordlists: Djabugay Everyday Words, published by State Library of Queensland under CC-BY license, accessed 17 May 2022.