David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan FSA Scot (1 June 1742 – 19 April 1829), styled Lord Cardross between 1747 and 1767, was a Scottish antiquarian, founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1780 and first vice president, and patron of the arts and sciences.[1]
Background and education edit
Erskine was the second but eldest surviving son of Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan, by Agnes, daughter of Sir James Steuart, 7th Baronet. He was the brother of Henry Erskine and Lord Erskine. His elder sister was Lady Anne Agnes Erskine who was involved with the evangelical methodists of Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion.[2] He studied at St. Andrews University (1755–59) Edinburgh University (1760-62) and Glasgow University (1762–63). He studied under Adam Smith, and Joseph Black.[3] He married, on 15 October 1771, his second cousin Margaret Fraser (d. 12 May 1819), the great-granddaughter of David Erskine, 9th Earl of Buchan.[4] They had no children.
His main residence was Kirkhill House in Broxburn, West Lothian.[5] He inherited the property, dating from 1590 and had it extensively remodelled in 1770-1.[5]
Career edit
His active criticism helped to effect a change in the method of electing Scottish representative peers to the House of Lords.
He was offered the post of Secretary at the British Embassy in Madrid in 1766–67 but declined it due to the illness of his father who died in 1767.[3] He was also the Grand Master of Scottish Freemasons from 1782 to 1784.[4][6]
He was friends with Benjamin Franklin, originating probably from Franklin's visit to Scotland in 1759 and met him several times in London in 1764.[7] A supporter of the American cause, he corresponded with George Washington and sent him a box made from the oak that hid William Wallace after the Battle of Falkirk. The box was designed by the Goldsmith Company of Edinburgh, and the earl requested that Washington, upon his death, pass it on to the man in his country who he believed should merit it best, and upon the same conditions that induced the earl to send it to Washington. In his will Washington thanked the earl for presenting the box to him along with sentiments which accompanied it; feeling incapable of making the choice asked of him he bequeathed the box back to the earl.[8]
In 1780 he founded the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. As he outlined in a letter of November 1780 he wished to create a body to promote antiquarian researches in that part of Great Britain. It drew on traditions that involved Sir John Scot of Scotstarvit, (who preserved the cartographic work of Timothy Pont and others) Sir Robert Sibbald, and Sir John Clerk of Penicuik. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland was formally constituted on 18 December 1780. He later disagreed with some policies of the Society and withdrew in 1790.[9]
However, after withdrawing from the management of the Society of Antiquaries he remained active in the area, contributing papers and became involved with the Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth in 1785. In 1794, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.[10] Erskine was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1816.[11] He was also elected to honorary membership of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in 1785 and of its Icelandic counterpart in 1791.[12]
Spending much of his later time at Dryburgh House he embellished the grounds with monuments including commemorations of his ancestors and of Robert Burns and William Wallace. He also commissioned a cable-stayed bridge over the River Tweed at Dryburgh. He opened this bridge on 1 August 1817 but it collapsed within months. A replacement was built after a redesign, but this too collapsed in 1838. A more permanent bridge did not arrive until 1872, when the suspension system was used instead.[citation needed]
In later years he became increasingly eccentric a trait which tended to obscure his talents, as was noted by Sir Walter Scott.[13] After the earl's death "when he was put into the family burial-ground, at Dryburgh, his head was laid the wrong way, [to] which Sir Walter Scott said was little matter, as it had never been quite right in his lifetime."[14]
His correspondents included Horace Walpole, and he produced an Essay on the Lives of Fletcher of Saltoun and the Poet Thomson (1792) and several other writings.
There is an interesting story concerning the Earl in which the writer George Dyer brought him to meet Charles Lamb at his flat in Mitre Court Buildings. Charles Lamb was not home and his sister Mary Lamb was deeply flustered at having to greet an Earl unannounced in her household.[citation needed]
Death edit
He died at his residence at Dryburgh (near Dryburgh Abbey, in the Scottish Borders) in April 1829, leaving no legitimate children, and the earldom passed to his nephew Henry[15] though all his non-entailed properties including Dryburgh were passed to his illegitimate son, Sir David Erskine.[16]
References edit
Notes edit
Citations edit
- ^ Kassler 2016, pp. 5–9.
- ^ Graham, E. Dorothy (23 September 2004). "Erskine, Lady Anne Agnes (1739–1804), friend and trustee of Selina, countess of Huntingdon". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/71064. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b Cant 1981, p. 4.
- ^ a b Cracroft-Brennan 2010.
- ^ a b Historic Environment Scotland. "KIRKHILL HOUSE (Category B Listed Building) (LB19678)". Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ^ Denslow, William R. (1957). 10,000 Famous Freemasons. Columbia, Missouri, USA: Missouri Lodge of Research. (digital document by phoenixmasonry: vol. 1)
- ^ Cant 1981, p. 8.
- ^ George Washington, will 1799
- ^ Cant 1981, p. 19.
- ^ "APS Member History".
- ^ AAS Members Directory
- ^ Cant 1981, p. 23.
- ^ Cant 1981, p. 26.
- ^ Burns & Cunningham 1855.
- ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Buchan, Earls of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 714.
- ^ Cant 1981, pp. 7.
Sources edit
- "Bryce, Alexander". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/64365. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Buchan (1793). "Account of the Parish of Uphall". Archaeologia Scotica. 1: 139–155. (Erskine writing under his formal title.)
- Buchanan, James. "The University of Glasgow Story". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- Burns, Robert; Cunningham, Allan (1855). The Complete Works of Robert Burns: Containing his Poems, Songs, and Correspondence. With a New Life of the Poet, and Notices, Critical and Biographical by Allan Cunningham. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- Cant, Ronald G (1981). "David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan: Founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland". In Bell, Alan S (ed.). The Scottish antiquarian tradition: essays to mark the bicentenary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland and its museum, 1780-1980. Edinburgh: John Donald (Berlinn) for the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. ISBN 0859760804. OCLC 8419759. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- Chambers, Robert; Thomson, Thomas, eds. (1857). A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen. Glasgow: Blackie and son – via National Library of Scotland.
- ——; ——, eds. (1857). . Glasgow: Blackie and son – via Wikisource.
- "Alexander Bryce". Biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen - National Library of Scotland. Significant and Famous Scots – via Electric Scotland.
- "David Erskine". Biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen - National Library of Scotland. Significant and Famous Scots – via Electric Scotland.
- "A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen". Google books (Search results).
- Cracroft-Brennan, Patrick (11 October 2010). "Cracroft's Peerage: The Complete Guide to the British Peerage & Baronetage". Archived from the original on 11 October 2010.
- "House of Stuart". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2020.
- Macleod, Emma Vincent (2004). "Erskine, David Steuart, eleventh earl of Buchan". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8852. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Erskine, David Stewart; Minto, Walter (1787). An account of the life, writings, and inventions of John Napier, of Merchiston. Perth, Scotland: R Morison jnr – via Hathi trust.
- Henderson, Thomas Finlayson (1889). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 17. pp. 402–404.
- Kassler, Michael (2016). "The Earl of Buchan's connections with early English lithography". Printing Historical Society. New series). 24: 5–9.
- Lamb, James Gordon (1963). David Steuart Erskine, 11th. Earl of Buchan: a study of his life and correspondence (PhD thesis). University of St Andrews. hdl:10023/5523.
- Primrose, James (1898). Strathbrock or the history and antiquities of the parish of Uphall. Edinburgh: Andre Eliot. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
