Cicely Musgrave Craven (23 March 1890 – 9 February 1962) was a British educator, magistrate, and prison reformer.
Cicely Craven | |
|---|---|
| Born | 23 March 1890 near Kendal, Westmorland, England |
| Died | 9 February 1962 Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England, UK |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation(s) | Educator, prison reformer |
Early life edit
Cicely Musgrave Craven was born near Kendal, Westmorland, the daughter of Robert Musgrave Craven and Margaret Gibbons Craven. Her father was a medical examiner. She was educated at Wycombe Abbey school, and at St Hilda’s College, Oxford, where she studied history from 1909 to 1912.[1] (Her degree was not granted until 1920, when women were first allowed to receive Oxford degrees.) She also earned a London teaching credential.[2]
Career edit
Craven taught history at Winchester Girls’ High School in 1914 and 1915, and at Grey Coat Hospital School in 1916. During World War I, she worked at the Ministry of Pensions and the Ministry of Labour. In 1926, with no previous engagement in the cause of prison reform, Craven replaced Margery Fry as secretary of the Howard League for Penal Reform.[2] She was also editor of the Howard Journal.[3][4][5] In this role, she testified in parliamentary hearings, gave interviews,[6] wrote for periodicals and professional journals,[7][8][9] conducted summer schools, and worked with other organizations on common causes. She took particular interest in preventive and remedial approaches to juvenile delinquency.[10][11][12] She retired from the Howard League in 1950,[2] and was succeeded by the League's first full-time paid secretary, Hugh Klare.[13]
Craven was appointed justice of the peace for St Albans in the 1930s,[14] and was district councillor for the same city from 1928 to 1932. She was also active in the St Albans Housing Association.[2]
Personal life edit
Craven lived with her sister, Millicent Musgrave Craven, a social worker, in Welwyn Garden City. Cicely Craven died there in 1962, aged 71 years, from cancer.[2] Her correspondence with Scottish nationalist William Gillies on Palestine penal code is preserved in the Labour History Archive and Study Centre at the People's History Museum in Manchester.[15]
References edit
- ^ Murray, Janet Horowitz; Stark, Myra (6 January 2017). The Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions: 1909-1910. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-39492-3.
- ^ a b c d e Logan, Anne. "Craven, Cicely Musgrave (1890-1962), penal reformer". Oxford dictionary of national biography (Online ed.). Oxford. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.369106. ISBN 9780198614128. OCLC 56568095.
- ^ LETTER from Cicely M. Craven, The Editor, The Howard Journal, A Review of Modern Methods for the Prevention and Treatment of Crime and Juvenile Delinquency, Parliament Mansions, Victoria Street, S.W.1, to W.C.B. Shropshire Archives. 27 October 1930.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Craven, Cicely M. (1935). "Juvenile Delinquency In The Colonies1". The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 4 (2): 179–185. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1935.tb01302.x. ISSN 1468-2311.
- ^ Craven, Cicely M. (1945). "The Treatment of Young Offenders: the Howard League Questionnaire and The Answers". The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 6 (4): 203–208. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1945.tb01139.x. ISSN 1468-2311.
- ^ "Penal Reform; Some Criticism of the New Bill". The Guardian. 19 November 1938. p. 7. Retrieved 2 March 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Craven, Cicely (1 January 1933). "Progress of English Criminology, The". Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 24 (1): 230.
- ^ Craven, Cicely M. (November 1947). "Contemporaries—I". Probation. 5 (12): 162–164. doi:10.1177/026455054700501202. ISSN 0048-539X. S2CID 144912786.
- ^ Craven, Cicely M. (11 March 1939). "Corporal Punishment". British Medical Journal. 1 (4079): 537. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 2209147.
- ^ "Child Welfare Councils to Deal with Juvenile Delinquents". The Guardian. 15 October 1945. p. 3. Retrieved 2 March 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Craven, Cicely (18 February 1945). "Foster Parents: The Law and the Child". The Observer. p. 4. Retrieved 2 March 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Child Welfare Councils To Deal With Juvenile Delinquents – A Woman J.P.s Suggestion". The Guardian. London. 15 October 1945. p. 3.
- ^ Logan, Anne (1 July 2016). "Feminism and Criminology in Britain, 1910-1950". In Kimble, Sara L.; Röwekamp, Marion (eds.). New Perspectives on European Women's Legal History. Routledge. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-317-57716-4.
- ^ "100 years of women magistrates". Magistrates Association. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
- ^ Correspondence with Cicely Craven of Howard League for Penal Reform re Palestine Draft Penal Code. Labor History and Study Centre, People's History Museum, Manchester. 1934.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
External links edit