Christopher A. Alexander PC (born September 9, 1968) is a Canadian former diplomat and politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he represented the riding of Ajax—Pickering in the House of Commons of Canada from 2011 to 2015 and served as the minister of citizenship and immigration from 2013 to 2015. Alexander was the Canadian ambassador to Afghanistan from 2003 to 2005.
Chris Alexander | |
|---|---|
 Alexander in 2015 | |
| Minister of Citizenship and Immigration | |
| In office July 15, 2013 – November 4, 2015 | |
| Prime Minister | Stephen Harper |
| Preceded by | Jason Kenney |
| Succeeded by | John McCallum |
| Canadian Ambassador to Afghanistan | |
| In office October 1, 2003 – October 5, 2005 | |
| Prime Minister | |
| Preceded by | Konrad Sigurdson |
| Succeeded by | David Sproule |
| Member of Parliament for Ajax—Pickering | |
| In office May 2, 2011 – November 4, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Mark Holland |
| Succeeded by | Mark Holland |
| Personal details | |
| Born | September 9, 1968 Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse | Hedvig Christine Alexander |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | University of Toronto Schools |
| Alma mater | |
Alexander spent 18 years in the Canadian Foreign Service, and served as Canada's first resident Ambassador to Afghanistan from 2003 to 2005. Following this he served as a Deputy Special Representative of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan until 2009. After winning his seat in the 2011 election, Alexander was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Defence. On July 15, 2013, he was appointed minister of citizenship and immigration. He ran for the leadership of the Conservative Party of Canada in 2016–17, placing 10th in a field of 14 candidates.
Background edit
Alexander was born in Toronto, the son of Andrea Alexander, a high school teacher, and Bruce Alexander, a lawyer and assistant deputy minister in the Ontario government.[1] His grandfather, Don Lough, was mayor of Huntsville, Ontario.[2] After graduating from the University of Toronto Schools, Alexander earned a Bachelor of Arts in history and politics from McGill University in 1989 and an Master of Arts in politics, philosophy, and economics from Balliol College, Oxford in 1991. He studied at Université Laval for the first six months of 1989.
Diplomatic career edit
In 1991, Alexander joined the Canadian Foreign Service. He was posted to the Canadian embassy in Russia in 1993 as Third Secretary and Vice-Consul. In 1996, he returned to Ottawa to become an assistant to the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1997, he became Deputy Director (Russia) of the Eastern Europe Division responsible for political and trade relations. In 2002 he returned to the Canadian embassy in Moscow as Minister Counsellor (Political).
In 2003, Alexander applied for the position of Canadian ambassador in Kabul, Afghanistan. He was selected for the position and presented his credentials in August 2003, relieving resident chargé d'affaires a.i. Keith Fountain.[3] From 2005 until mid-2009, he served as one of two Deputy Special Representatives of the Secretary General (SRSG) of the United Nations in the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA).[4][5][6]
Alexander's performance in diplomacy circles was widely lauded. He was described by various commenters as "sensitive to the Afghan culture, knowledgeable, persuasive, totally committed, and hardworking;" "perhaps one of the brightest and most capable diplomats that have come to Afghanistan over the past five years;" and "the best ambassador I've ever worked for." Major General David Fraser, commander of NATO forces in southern Afghanistan, referred to him simply as "an amazing man."[7]
On 12 April 2010, CBC News revealed that Alexander, as a senior official working with the United Nations, alleged that Asadullah Khalid, the former governor of Kandahar Province in Afghanistan, had ordered the killing of five UN workers by bombing, presumably to protect his narcotics interests.[8]
On 12 December 2019, The Globe and Mail published a lengthy opinion piece written by Alexander in which he stated that for most of his time in Afghanistan, he believed that Western strategy "was wrong" in that it did not focus on Pakistan's military support for the Taliban as the root cause of the conflict.[9]
Private sector career edit
In August 2010 Alexander became president of Red Mountain Energy,[10] a producer of coal-bed methane.[11] Red Mountain founder Denis Smyslov met him in the early 1990s while Alexander was stationed at the Canadian embassy in Moscow.[12]
Political career edit
On 21 September 2009, Alexander announced his resignation from the foreign service and his intention to seek the Conservative nomination in the suburban Toronto area riding of Ajax—Pickering.[13]
Candidacy for office edit
The choice of Ajax—Pickering made Alexander a parachute candidate,[14] moving to Ajax with his family from their home in Etobicoke.[15] Ajax—Pickering was considered a key battleground riding, held by Liberal Mark Holland. Holland was a Liberal star, well known for his performance during Question Period.[16]
Alexander had been considered a potential star candidate by both the Liberals and Conservatives, both of whom actively recruited him. According to accounts given to the press, Alexander ultimately rejected Michael Ignatieff's offer due to differences in policy over Canada's role in Afghanistan, reportedly due to the party's insistence on ending Canada's combat role in 2011 (a policy subsequently adopted by the majority Conservative government of which Alexander became part). Alexander disputed this, saying he had always had Conservative leanings and that the discussions with the Liberals had never been serious.[13][17][18][19]
Alexander won the seat in the 2011 federal election in a heavily contested race, winning with 24,797 votes over Holland with 21,569.[20][21]
MP in 41st Canadian Parliament edit
Shortly after taking office in May 2011, Alexander was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Defence Peter MacKay.[22][23][24] Alexander remained active on Afghanistan related issues, frequently speaking and writing on this subject.[25][26][27] In late 2012 Alexander frequently defended the government's position on the F-35 contract. The procurement was a major political hot potato and the press referred to the dossier as the "worst job in Ottawa".[28] His initial appearances on the topic did not go well; in a CBC interview he claimed the press was confused about the issue and that the government had not actually agreed to purchase the aircraft, while the video roll in the background showed Minister MacKay saying exactly that.[29] A follow-up appearance on CTV News's Question Period show was judged by Canadian journalist Aaron Wherry to have been "a bit better", noting that Alexander had conceded the Auditor General's report on the program had to be taken seriously, and had conveyed that the government was doing just that.[28]
In July 2013, he was promoted to Minister of Citizenship and Immigration. Alexander sponsored Bill C-24, the Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act, which changed the residency requirements for gaining citizenship to reduce the number of what the party called "Canadians of convenience" with weak bonds to the country.[30] The bill also allowed the Citizenship and Immigration Minister to revoke Canadian citizenship from dual citizens convicted of treason, espionage, or terrorism charges as well as those who engaged in armed conflict against Canada, which effectively created a two-tier Canadian citizenship.[30][31][32]
Alexander's time in office was marked by what a number of commentators described as a surprisingly adversarial approach to politics, in contrast with the expectation of some that he would be a moderate figure. A commentator stated that "When you see a guy whose career has been built on diplomacy and a persuasive life in a pugilistic position, it can be a conflicting image."[33] In a June 2015 debate on Twitter, Canadian political journalist Paul Wells criticised Alexander for distortions of Canadian history and of his own policies, adding "Chris Alexander's jaw flaps like a barn door and he has no control over what comes out of it" and "if this is what smart gets us in a cabinet minister, I'd gladly trade it in for some stupid".[34]
2015 election edit
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For the 2015 election, Alexander ran in Ajax, essentially the southern portion of his old riding. He faced Holland in a rematch.
During the 2015 election campaign, Alexander was known for toeing the party line, and accepted the position as front man on a number of highly charged and divisive issues. Many of these, notably the niqāb issue, were seen as key elements of the ultimate Conservative downfall.[by whom?] Alexander often commented on these issues, in one case tweeting that "Niqab, hijab, burka, wedding veil—face coverings have no place in cit oath-taking!"[36]
On 2 September, shortly after the start of the campaign, Alexander became embroiled in the Alan Kurdi affair when Alan's father Abdullah blamed Canadian immigration officials for his son's death. Kurdi stated they attempted to travel to Greece after Immigration Canada refused his asylum request.[37] However, it was immediately noted that no official application had ever been made.[38] In an appearance that night on a CBC News Network's Power & Politics panel discussion, Alexander defended the Harper Government's handling the Syrian refugee crisis. In response to a question where host Rosemary Barton wondered why the government had taken so long to act if the crisis had been going on for years, Alexander suggested the media was partially to blame for the crisis as they had ignored the issue. Calling it "the biggest conflict and humanitarian crisis of our time", he stated that journalists (including Barton) were responsible for not drawing enough attention to the issue and noting that it was the first time he had been on a Power & Politics panel discussion on the topic"[39] Barton responded that Alexander's comments were "completely false", noting that the show had covered the events in Syria 32 times since 2011 and that Alexander himself had been involved in several of these segments.[39]
The next day, rumours circulated that in March 2015, New Westminster—Coquitlam MP Fin Donnelly had personally requested that Alexander look into the refugee application of the Kurdis, who were privately sponsored by Alan's aunt, one of Donnelly's constituents.[40] Alan's aunt clarified that the application was for Alan's uncle, Mohammed, and his family, but that she was planning to apply for Alan's father, Abdullah, once she had enough funds, so she had her MP deliver a letter to Alexander pleading her case.[41] On the same day, Alexander announced that he would be temporarily suspending his campaign for re-election the next morning to return to Ottawa to resume his ministerial duties, receive updates on the refugee crisis, and investigate the case of Alan Kurdi.[40]
On 8 October it was revealed that Canadian immigration officials had been ordered to stop processing all claimants from Syria earlier in the year, and that all such claims would have to be vetted by the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) and personally signed off by the Stephen Harper. Processing was stopped for several weeks, and all previous referrals from the UN in 2014 and 2015 were put under review. Alexander stated that this was done to ensure the security of process.[42] The same day, Harper personally denied that his staff had anything to do with the process. He did agree that a review had been started, but he stated that this was not carried out in the PMO, and that no security threats were discovered as a part of the investigation.[43]
Days later, just two weeks before the election, sources reported to CTV News that Alexander was one of a dozen Tory MPs in the Greater Toronto Area at risk of being defeated.[44] This came to pass as Alexander won only 16,611 votes to Holland's 27,039—a deficit of almost 12,000 votes—as part of the Conservatives' collapse in southern Ontario (the Tories only retained three seats in the GTA).[45]
A week after the election, Alexander repeated his claim that the media had not sufficiently covered the Syrian refugee crisis and the defeated government's plans in a scrum with Global News.[46] He has subsequently argued in media interviews that in the context of the election he was prevented by his own party from advertising his government's achievements on immigration and refugee policy.
2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election edit
On October 12, 2016, Alexander announced his intention to run for the leadership of the Conservative Party of Canada. His leadership platform detailed policies on employment, taxation, innovation, families, education, competitiveness, energy self-sufficiency, cities, agriculture, poverty, homelessness, First Nations peoples, the Métis, refugees, the Monarchy, justice, health care, protecting wilderness, forestry, mining, international diplomacy, terrorism, democratic reform, cyber-security, Canadian culture, northern development, and national defence.[citation needed]
During the campaign he advocated increased immigration as the key to economic growth; in this regard he proposed increasing immigration to 400,000 a year, to include 40,000 refugees. He also called for doubling defence spending and "for an accelerated push to settle all outstanding land claims and to sign treaties with First Nations communities that would empower them to govern themselves".[citation needed]
Alexander finished 10th in a field of 14 candidates (the 11th-place candidate having withdrawn several weeks before the ballot). He received a maximum of 1.23 percent of the total vote before being eliminated in the fifth of thirteen rounds of voting.[citation needed]
Post-political career edit
Since the 2017 Conservative Party leadership election, Alexander has maintained a relatively low public profile. He remains an occasional commentator in Canadian media, offering views that are sometimes at odds with those of the Conservative Party; for example, Alexander has defended the UN Migration Pact which is criticized by Conservatives.[47]
During the 2021 fall of Kabul, Alexander commented in a Globe and Mail op-ed entitled "The strategy for Afghanistan went off course long before the U.S. exit" that beginning with the January 2010 International Conference on Afghanistan, UN and Western officials "ignored Pakistani goals hiding in plain sight", and quoted "former army chief and ideological godfather of Pakistan's proxy war in Afghanistan" Mirza Aslam Beg's partisanship as far back as August 2011 and as recently as March 2021. He observed that two of Beg's "successors as Pakistan's top general" commanded Pakistani forces "in Abbottabad when Osama bin Laden was living there" prior to his death in May 2011, while he called for sanctions against Pakistan.[48]
Recognition and awards edit
In 2005, Alexander was selected as a Young Global Leader, an adjunct to the World Economic Forum.[49] In 2006, Toronto-based executive recruiting firm Caldwell Partners chose him as one of Canada's "Top 40 Under 40".[50] He received the Atlantic Council of Canada Award in 2007, and in 2008 was made a 1st Class Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity.[51][52] In 2009 he was Honorary Chair of the UTS Centenary.[53] In 2010, he received the Birchall Leadership Award.[54]
Electoral record edit
Ajax edit
| 2015 Canadian federal election: Ajax | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures | |||
| Liberal | Mark Holland | 31,458 | 55.87 | +17.94 | $98,658.57 | |||
| Conservative | Chris Alexander | 19,374 | 34.41 | −9.82 | $154,560.57 | |||
| New Democratic | Stephanie Brown | 4,630 | 8.22 | −6.78 | $3,065.75 | |||
| Green | Jeff Hill | 788 | 1.40 | −1.32 | $717.00 | |||
| United | Bob Kesic | 57 | 0.10 | -0.02 | – | |||
| Total valid votes/expense limit | 56,307 | 99.64 | $222,192.40 | |||||
| Total rejected ballots | 206 | 0.36 | – | |||||
| Turnout | 56,513 | 66.29 | – | |||||
| Eligible voters | 85,251 | |||||||
| Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | +13.88 | ||||||
| Source: Elections Canada[55][56][57] | ||||||||
Ajax—Pickering edit
| 2011 Canadian federal election: Ajax—Pickering | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures | |||
| Conservative | Chris Alexander | 24,797 | 44.07 | +6.12 | ||||
| Liberal | Mark Holland | 21,569 | 38.33 | -6.20 | ||||
| New Democratic | Jim Koppens | 8,284 | 14.72 | +5.64 | ||||
| Green | Mihkel Harilaid | 1,621 | 2.88 | -4.40 | ||||
| United | Bob Kesic | 72 | 0.13 | – | ||||
| Total valid votes/expense limit | 56,268 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Total rejected ballots | 187 | 0.33 | -0.05 | |||||
| Turnout | 56,455 | 61.22 | ||||||
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +6.16 | ||||||
References edit
- ^ "Tory Leadership Hopeful Says Bid is About Fixing Canada, Not His Image". 9 March 2017.
- ^ "New immigration minister has strong ties to Huntsville".
- ^ Foreign Affairs Department. "Listing of Posts". Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "UNAMA Biography of Chris Alexander". Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Afghanistan: Press conference by Chris Alexander, DSRSG and Nilab Mobarez, UNAMA Spokesperson's Office". Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Goold, Douglas (Spring 2007). "What Does the Future Hold for Chris Alexander?". International Journal. 62 (2): 393–402. doi:10.1177/002070200706200212. JSTOR 40204276. S2CID 141472790.
- ^ Goold, Douglas (Spring 2007). "What Does the Future Hold for Chris Alexander?". International Journal. 62 (2): 393–402. doi:10.1177/002070200706200212. S2CID 141472790.
- ^ "Afghan governor's rights abuses known in '07". CBC News. 12 April 2010.
- ^ "Opinion: The war in Afghanistan was doomed from the start. What should have happened instead?".
- ^ Christopher Alexander (27 September 2015). "Christopher Alexander". LinkedIn. Retrieved 27 September 2015. [permanent dead link]
- ^ "Red Mountain Energy Inc - Company Profile and News". Bloomberg News.
- ^ Paul Waldie and Campbell Clark (29 April 2011). "Tory star assisting Russian businessman". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ a b Gardner, Katie-Marie (18 September 2009). "The Liberals wanted him, the Tories won him over". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ Blackwell, Tom (3 September 2015). "Syrian refugee story adds new twist to tight race in Immigration Minister Chris Alexander's riding". The National Post. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ Szekely, Reka (24 September 2009). "Former Afghan ambassador seeks Ajax-Pickering Conservative nomination". Ajax News Advertiser. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ O'Connor, Joe (11 April 2011). "Riding Profile: Scrappy Liberal incumbent battling star Tory challenger". National Post. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ Geddes, John (17 September 2009). "A new Tory star? Celebrated diplomat Chris Alexander may take a run in Ontario". Macleans. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Worthington, Peter. "Chris Alexander: The Best of the Best in Afghanistan". Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Coren, Michael (23 April 2011). "Tories' shining star Ajax-Pickering candidate restores one's faith in Canadian politics". London Free Press / QMI Agency. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Pazzano, Sam (3 May 2011). "Holland among Durham Region defeated". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Morrow, Adrian (3 May 2011). "Ex-diplomat Alexander wins Ajax-Pickering for Conservatives". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ "Parliamentary Secretaries". Prime Minister of Canada. Archived from the original on 30 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Kleiss, Karen (25 May 2011). "Edmonton MP Laurie Hawn shuffled out of defence secretary post". Edmonton Journal. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Wherry, Aaron (25 May 2011). "Secretaries day". Macleans. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Chris Alexander discusses Canada's involvement in Afghanistan". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Alexander, Chris. ""Afghanistan After Elections and Implications for Canada: What Will It Take to Finish the Job?" Remarks by Former Canadian Ambassador and Former Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary General Chris Alexander to the Empire Club of Canada Royal York Hotel, September 17, 2009" (PDF). Empire Club of Canada. Retrieved 31 May 2011. [permanent dead link]
- ^ Fillion, Kate (3 November 2009). "The Interview: Chris Alexander". Macleans. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ a b Wherry, Aaron (10 December 2012). "Chris Alexander has the worst job in Ottawa". Maclean's. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Pugliese, David (22 September 2015). "Canada and the F-35, the Ups and Downs of a Controversial Fighter Jet Purchase". The Ottawa Citizen.
- ^ a b "Bill C-24 is wrong: There is only one kind of Canadian citizen". The Globe and Mail. 30 June 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Chris Alexander's flawed overhaul of citizenship law". The Globe and Mail. 6 February 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ McQuigge, Michelle (20 August 2015). "Civil rights groups launch constitutional challenge against Bill C-24". Global News. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ Gulli, Cathy (20 October 2015). "Chris Alexander's very bad day: A golden boy falls, but for how long?". Maclean's.
- ^ "Paul Wells vs Chris Alexander (with tweets) · paisleyrae". Storify. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- ^ "Canada and India continue to build strong economic ties". 9 January 2015.
- ^ Fekete, Jason (19 October 2015). "Turning point: The niqab and the NDP". The Ottawa Citizen.
- ^ "Alan Kurdi drowned off the shores of Turkey. His family was trying to reach Canada". National Post. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ "Drowned Syrian migrant boy's father says he blames Canada for tragedy". The Globe and Mail. 10 September 2015.
- ^ a b Chevalier, Jennifer (3 September 2015). "Chris Alexander defends Canada's refugee response, blames media for ignoring crisis". CBC News. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ a b Donnelly, Aileen (3 September 2015). "Chris Alexander suspends campaign after news that boy's family was planning to come to Canada". National Post. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Tu Thanh Ha (3 September 2015). "Family of drowned boy did not apply for asylum: Ottawa". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Friesen, Joe (8 October 2015). "Prime Minister's Office ordered halt to refugee processing". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ Elliott, Louise (8 October 2015). "Stephen Harper denies PMO staff vetted Syrian refugee files".
- ^ "Campaign shifts as Harper looks to protect seats in Ontario". CTV News. 12 October 2015.
- ^ "Mark Holland heading back to Ottawa with win in Ajax: 2015 federal election results". durhamregion.com. 20 October 2015.
- ^ Maloney, Ryan (27 October 2015). "Chris Alexander Says He Was Called 'Baby-Killer' Because Of Syrian Refugee Crisis". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
- ^ "Ex-Harper immigration minister calls out Scheer over 'factually incorrect' statements on UN migration pact | CBC News".
- ^ Alexander, Chris (16 August 2021). "The strategy for Afghanistan went off course long before the U.S. exit". The Globe and Mail Inc.
- ^ "List of Active Young Global Leaders As of 11 April 2011" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Top 40 under 40". The Globe and Mail. 2 May 2006. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "First Annual Atlantic Council of Canada Awards Dinner" (PDF). Atlantic Council of Canada Newsletter. Winter–Spring 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Alexander Sig. Christopher Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine della Stella della solidarietà italiana". Office of the President of Italy. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "UTS Alumni Magazine" (PDF). University of Toronto Schools. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Christopher Alexander To Receive 2010 Birchall Leadership Award At Legacy Dinner". eVeritas. 8 August 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Ajax, 30 September 2015
- ^ Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Official Voting Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved 14 August 2021.