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Burmese–Siamese wars

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The Burmese–Siamese wars also known as the Yodian wars (Burmese: ယိုးဒယားစစ်ပွဲများ), were a series of wars fought between Burma and Siam from the 16th to 19th centuries.[1][2]

Toungoo (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam) edit

No. Name Results Notes
1 Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549) Siamese defensive victory First Siege of Ayutthaya

Burma captures Tavoy from Siam in 1547–1548,[3][4] and invades Siam in 1548–1549 but is unsuccessful at capturing Ayutthaya.[5]

2 Burmese–Siamese War (1563–1564) Burmese victory Second Siege of Ayutthaya
Also called the War over the White Elephants.
Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma.[6]
3 Burmese–Siamese War (1568–1569) Burmese victory Third Siege of Ayutthaya
Siam rebels. Burma invades and recaptures Ayutthaya. Siam remains a vassal of Burma.[7]
4 Burmese–Siamese War (1584–1593) Siamese victory Fourth Siege of Ayutthaya
After Siam declares independence in 1584, Burma invades Siam five times but is driven back each time.[8][9]
5 Burmese–Siamese War (1593–1600) Siamese victory First Siamese Invasion of Burma
Siam conquers the Tenasserim coastal region to Martaban.
Lan Na (Chiang Mai) becomes a vassal of Siam, c. 1602[10][11][12]
6 Burmese–Siamese War (1609–1622) Burmese victory Wars of Nyaungyan restoration
Burma regains Martaban and Tavoy (1613), and Lan Na (1614).[13][14]
7 Burmese–Siamese War (1662–1664) Burmese defensive victory Second Siamese Invasion of Burma
Siam briefly captures the upper Tenasserim coast to Martaban in 1662 before driven back. In 1663, Siam again invades upper Tenasserim coast and Lan Na, capturing Chiang Mai. Siamese forces evacuate Chiang Mai in 1664.[15][16][17][18]
8 Burmese–Siamese War (1675–1676) Burmese defensive victory

Siamese defensive victory

Burma successfully defends the Upper Tenasserim coast (1675).

Siam successfully defends against a counter Burmese invasion (1675–1676).

9 Burmese–Siamese War (1700–1701) Siamese defensive victory Siam successfully defends against a Burmese invasion.

Konbaung (Burma)–Ayutthaya (Siam) edit

No. Name Results Notes
1 Burmese–Siamese War (1759–1760) Burmese victory Fifth Siege of Ayutthaya
Burma conquers the Tenasserim coastal region down to the Tavoy–Mergui frontier. Burma besieges the Ayutthaya but returns home when their King is injured and becomes ill.[19][20]
2 Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) Burmese victory Sixth Siege of Ayutthaya
Burma invades Siam and besieges Ayutthaya, ending the Ayutthaya Kingdom and plunging the former kingdom into civil war in the subsequent vacuum.[21][22]

Konbaung (Burma)–Thonburi (Siam) edit

No. Name Results Notes
1 Burmese–Siamese War (1775–1776) Siamese victory Siamese control of Lan Na
Lan Na declares independence in 1775, with a resurgent Siam's assistance (under King Taksin). Burma invades Lan Na and Siam. After the death of King Hsinbyushin, the Burmese withdrew from Siam, allowing the Siamese to claim Lan Na, ending over two centuries of Burmese rule.[23]

Konbaung (Burma)–Rattanakosin (Siam) edit

No. Name Results Notes
1 Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786) Siamese defensive victory The Nine Armies' War
Burma tries to capture Siam, and is soundly defeated.[24][25]
2 Burmese–Siamese War (1788) Burmese defensive victory Siamese Invasion of Tenasserim

Siam tries to capture Tavoy, and reclaim the Tenasserim coast but fails.

3 Burmese–Siamese War (1792–1794) Burmese defensive victory Siamese invasion of Tenasserim
Siam unsuccessfully tries to regain the lower Tenasserim coast (Tavoy and Mergui).[26][27]
4 Burmese–Siamese War (1797–1798) Siamese defensive victory Burmese Invasion of Chiang Mai
Burma invades Lan Na and besieges Chiang Mai. The city was taken, but Kawila asks for reinforcement from Rama I, which helped them recapture the city.[28]
5 Burmese–Siamese War (1802–1805) Siamese victory Siamese Invasion of Chiang Saen
Burma attacks Lan Na, but is defeated again. Siam and its ally Lan Na attacks and expels the Burmese from their stronghold at Chiang Saen.[29]
6 Burmese–Siamese War (1809–1812) Siamese defensive victory Burmese Invasion of Thalang
Burma unsuccessfully attempts to capture Junk Ceylon and is repelled in 1810 and 1812.[30][31]
7 First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) British victory Conflict mostly between Burma and the United Kingdom. Siam, as a nominal British ally, secures the Burney Treaty with the British East India Company and briefly invades Burma.[32][33][34]
8 Burmese–Siamese War (1849–1855) Burmese defensive victory Siamese invasion of Kengtung and Chiang Hung
Siam tries to take over Kengtung and Chiang Hung during the Second Anglo-Burmese War. Local Shan sawbwas hold out until Burma's main armies manage to drive out the Siamese in 1855.[35][36]

See more edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Harvey, pp. xxviii-xxx.
  2. ^ James, p. 302.
  3. ^ Harvey 1925: 158
  4. ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 238–239
  5. ^ Damrong, pp. 14–26.
  6. ^ Damrong, pp. 27–41.
  7. ^ Damrong, pp. 42–64.
  8. ^ Harvey 1925: 181
  9. ^ Damrong, pp. 65–144.
  10. ^ Damrong, pp. 145–179.
  11. ^ Fernquest, pp. 51–52.
  12. ^ Wood, p. 144.
  13. ^ Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 175–178
  14. ^ Harvey 1925: 189
  15. ^ Harvey 1925: 198
  16. ^ Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 277
  17. ^ Damrong, pp. 220–239.
  18. ^ Wood, pp. 191–194.
  19. ^ Damrong, pp. 240–311.
  20. ^ Wood, pp. 240–242.
  21. ^ Damrong, pp. 312–357.
  22. ^ Wood, pp. 243–250.
  23. ^ Wood, pp. 263–267.
  24. ^ Wood, p. 273.
  25. ^ Symes, pp. 96–97.
  26. ^ Phayre 1967: 218–219
  27. ^ Symes, p. 97-98.
  28. ^ Ongsakul, p. 155.
  29. ^ Ongsakul, p. 150.
  30. ^ Skinner, pp. 59–61.
  31. ^ Gerini, pp. 81–82.
  32. ^ Wood, pp. 276–277
  33. ^ Turton, p. 119-20
  34. ^ Van Roy, p. 172-73
  35. ^ Hardiman, Vol. 1 1901: 38, and Vol. 2 1901: 408–409
  36. ^ Ratchasomphan, Wyatt 1994: 119

References edit

  • Fernquest, Jon (Spring 2005). "The Flight of Lao War Captives from Burma Back to Laos in 1596: A Comparison of Historical Sources". SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research. 3 (1). SOAS, University of London. ISSN 1479-8484.
  • Gerini, Colonel G. E. (1905). "Historical Retrospect of Junkceylon Island" (PDF). Siamese Heritage Trust. The Siam Society. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  • Hardiman, John Percy (1901). Sir James George Scott (ed.). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and Shan States Part 2. Vol. 1. Government Press, British Burma.
  • Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
  • James, Helen (2004). "Burma-Siam Wars and Tenasserim". In Keat Gin Ooi (ed.). Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-770-5.
  • Master (2011). "Military History of Thailand". Wayback Machine. Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  • Ongsakul, Sarassawadee (2005). History of Lan Na. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974-9575-84-9.
  • Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
  • Rajanubhab, Damrong (2001). Chris Baker (ed.). Our Wars with the Burmese: Thai-Burmese Conflict 1539–1767. Translated by Aung Thein. White Lotus Co. Ltd. ISBN 9747534584.
  • Ratchasomphan, Sænluang; David K. Wyatt (1994). David K. Wyatt (ed.). The Nan Chronicle (illustrated ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University SEAP Publications. ISBN 978-0-87727-715-6.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
  • Siam Society (1904). The Journal of the Siam Society. Vol. 1–3. Bangkok: Siam Society.
  • Skinner, Cyril (1984). "The interrogation of Zeya Suriya Kyaw: A Burmese Account of the Junk Ceylon (Phuket) Campaigns of 1809-1810" (PDF). Siamese Heritage Trust. The Siam Society. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  • Steinberg, David Joel (1987). David Joel Steinberg (ed.). In Search of South-East Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
  • Symes, Michael (Spring 2006). "An Account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava". SBBR. 4. SOAS, University of London. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  • Turton, Andrew (2014). "Disappointing Gifts: Dialectics of Gift Exchange in Early Modern European-East Asian Diplomatic Practice" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 104.
  • Wood, W.A.R. (1924). A History of Siam. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  • Wyatt, David K. (2003). History of Thailand (2 ed.). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08475-7.
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