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Battle of Cloyd's Mountain order of battle

The following American Civil War units were involved in the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain on May 9, 1864, in Southwest Virginia's Pulaski County. The Union Army units, and their commanders, are listed first. The Confederate Army units, and their commanders, follow. A Union force led by Brigadier General George Crook defeated a Confederate force led by Brigadier General Albert G. Jenkins. Future Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley both fought in the battle. Jenkins was mortally wounded and captured.

Abbreviations used

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Military rank

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Other

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All infantry and cavalry units are regiments unless noted otherwise.

Union 2nd Infantry Division, Department of West Virginia

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BG Crook

BG George Crook — commander[1]

Brigade Regiments and Others
1st Brigade

Col Rutherford B. Hayes[6]
(23rd Ohio Infantry)


Additional Information

  • The 34th Ohio Mounted Infantry detachment was dismounted.[11]
  • Among the 34th Ohio detachment that died in the battle in action, from wounds, or later in prison, were members of Companies A, B, and D.[12]
  • The 5th West Virginia Cavalry detachment was dismounted for the battle, but mounted for part of the pursuit.[11][13]
  • Companies C, E, and I are mentioned as being part of the detachment for the 5th West Virginia.[14]
  • The cavalry detachment had "many with broken-down horses".[15] A portion was dismounted.[16]
  • The combined detachments of the 36th and 34th Ohio Infantries amounted to about 500 men.[8]
2nd Brigade

Col Carr B. White[17]
(12th Ohio Infantry)


Additional Information

  • White's report calls the West Virginia regiments "Virginia" regiments.[18][Note 1]
3rd Brigade

Col Horatio G. Sickel[20]
(3rd Pennsylvania Reserves)

Artillery

Capt James R. McMullin[26]

Confederate Department of Western Virginia

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BG Jenkins

BG Albert G. Jenkins — commander (mw),[27] Col John McCausland[28]

  • In addition to being seriously wounded, Jenkins was captured.[15] He died on May 24, 1864.[27]
  • Approximately 2,350 men were in Jenkins' command.[29]
  • Jenkins chose to intercept Crook's army on the Dublin-Pearisburg Pike at Cloyd Farm (also known as Back Creek Farm) on a mountain near Back Creek.[30][31]
  • For the battle, Jenkins had ten artillery pieces from Bryans's Battery and the Ringgold Battery.[29]
  • The Botetourt Artillery fought on May 10 at the New River bridge.[32]
Brigade Regiments and Others
4th Brigade

Col John McCausland[33]
(36th Virginia Infantry)


Additional Information

  • Ltc Thomas Smith was captured in addition to being seriously wounded.[15]
  • Ltc George W. Hammond and Maj Jacob N. Taylor of the 60th Virginia Infantry were killed in action.[37]
  • Beckley's 45th Virginia Infantry Battalion had 183 men and officers present for the battle.[38]
Additional Support
  • Montgomery Home Guards — Capt White G. Ryan[35]
  • (Other home guards)[37]


Additional Information

  • The 45th Virginia Infantry's Ltc E. H. Harman was mortally wounded.[39]
4th Brigade Artillery

Capt Thomas A. Bryan (w)[41]

  • Bryan's (Virginia) Battery — Lt G.A. Fowlkes[42]


Additional Information

  • Captain Bryan's horse was killed while he was riding, and Bryan was injured falling from the horse.[41]
Additional Support During Retreat or Pursuit
  • Morgan's Detachment - Colonel D. Howard Smith of 5th Kentucky Cavalry[43]
  • 5th Kentucky Cavalry (detachment)[44]
  • 10th Kentucky Cavalry (detachment) - Maj George Diamond[45]

Additional Information

  • The detachment from John Hunt Morgan's command was dismounted and consisted of 400 to 500 men.[43] It arrived in Dublin, Virginia at about 1:00 pm. While proceeding to Cloyd's Farm, it encountered retreating Confederate troops and was asked to intercept the pursuing Union troops. It also took part in subsequent action near the New River Bridge.[47] While not present at Cloyd's Farm, Morgan's 53 casualties are listed as part of the total 538 Confederate casualties for the battle, which include the May 9 engagement at Cloyd's Farm and "subsequent operations".[48]
  • The 17th Virginia Cavalry had two casualties included in the total 538 Confederate casualties listed for the battle on May 9 and "subsequent operations".[48] They were not in the battle at Cloyd's Mountain or at New River Bridge, but they were involved in the pursuit of Crook's division and Averell's cavalry.[49]
  • The Botetourt Artillery consisted of eight artillery pieces, and it fought at the New River Bridge on May 10. It had one casualty when one soldier was injured after being thrown from his horse.[32] This casualty was included in the 538 Confederate casualties listed for the battle on May 9 and "subsequent operations".[48]

Notes

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ Virginia military units (regiments, battalions, etc.) that were loyal to the union were often noted with "union" or "loyal" in their name. On June 20, 1863, the new state of West Virginia, consisting of northwestern counties of Virginia, joined the union—and Virginia military units loyal to the union became West Virginia units.[19]

Citations

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  1. ^ Crook 1891, p. 9
  2. ^ Cozzens 1997
  3. ^ Crook 1891, p. 10; Duncan 1998, p. 62
  4. ^ Duncan 1998, pp. 44, 49
  5. ^ "Presidents and Politicians: The 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry". National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 30, 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  6. ^ Hayes 1891, p. 14
  7. ^ Comly 1891, p. 15
  8. ^ a b c Devol 1891, p. 16
  9. ^ Crook 1891, pp. 10, 13; "7th Regiment, West Virginia Cavalry". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on August 20, 2024. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  10. ^ Reader 1891, pp. 241–242; "5th Regiment, West Virginia Cavalry". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on August 20, 2024. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  11. ^ a b Crook 1891, p. 10
  12. ^ Ohio Roster Commission 1886, pp. 769–771
  13. ^ Reader 1891, p. 243
  14. ^ Reader 1891, pp. 241, 243
  15. ^ a b c Crook 1891, p. 11
  16. ^ Crook 1891, pp. 13–14
  17. ^ White 1891, p. 16
  18. ^ a b c d e White 1891, p. 17
  19. ^ "The New State of West Virginia". West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Archived from the original on 2014-11-08. Retrieved 2015-02-21.
  20. ^ Sickel 1891, p. 23
  21. ^ Johnson 1891, p. 30
  22. ^ Sickel 1891, p. 25; Tapper 1891, pp. 31–32
  23. ^ Tapper 1891, pp. 31–32
  24. ^ Frost 1891, p. 33
  25. ^ Morris 1891, p. 35
  26. ^ a b c McMullin 1891, p. 38
  27. ^ a b "The Civil War Record of Albert Gallatin Jenkins, C. S. A." West Virginia Department of Arts, Culture and History. Archived from the original on February 9, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  28. ^ McCausland 1891, p. 44
  29. ^ a b Duncan 1998, p. 56
  30. ^ Duncan 1998, p. 52
  31. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form - Back Creek Farm" (PDF). Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  32. ^ a b c Douthat 1891, p. 58
  33. ^ McCausland 1891, pp. 44–49
  34. ^ Fife 1891, pp. 49–50
  35. ^ a b Jones 1891, p. 56
  36. ^ Beckley 1891, p. 54
  37. ^ a b Jones 1891, p. 57
  38. ^ Beckley 1891, p. 55
  39. ^ a b Browne 1891, p. 52
  40. ^ Dickenson 1891, p. 60
  41. ^ a b Fowlkes 1891, p. 60
  42. ^ Fowlkes 1891, p. 59
  43. ^ a b McCausland 1891, p. 45; Smith 1891, p. 66
  44. ^ Smith 1891, p. 66
  45. ^ Perry 1998, p. 103
  46. ^ French 1891, p. 62
  47. ^ Smith 1891, pp. 66–67
  48. ^ a b c McCausland 1891, p. 49
  49. ^ French 1891, p. 64

References

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