Abantennarius sanguineus, the bloody frogfish or sanguine frogfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Antennariidae, the frogfishes. The sanguine frogfish is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
| Abantennarius sanguineus | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Lophiiformes |
| Family: | Antennariidae |
| Genus: | Abantennarius |
| Species: | A. sanguineus
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| Binomial name | |
| Abantennarius sanguineus (Gill, 1863)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
Taxonomy edit
Abantennarius sanguineus was first formally described as Antennarius sanguineus in 1863 by the American biologist Theodore Gill with its type locality given as Cape San Lucas innBaja California, Mexico.[3] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Abantennarius in the family Antennariidae within the suborder Antennarioidei within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes.[4]
Etymology edit
Abantennarius sanguineus has the genus name Abantennarius which prefixes ab, meaning "away from", onto antennarius, a fish of the family Antennaridae. This is an allusion to the gill opening being positioned away from the base of the pectoral fin, which is typically where it is located in frogfishes. The specific name sanguinus means "blood red", a reference to its red colour in life, although this is actually very variable and ranges from yellow to brown or purple.[5]
Description edit
Abantennarius sanguineus is a small sized fish which grows up to 8.2 centimetres (3.2 in).[2] Like other members of its family, it has a globulous, extensible body and the soft skin is covered with small dermal spinules. The large mouth of this fish is prognathous and allows it to consume prey its same size. The coloring of the body is variable and ranges from yellow, or yellow brown, to reddish with brown spotting and mottling. The ventral part is covered with dark spots and an ocellus can be observed up before the caudal peduncle.[6]
The first dorsal spine, called the "illicium", is modified and is used as a fishing rod. Its extremity is endowed with a characteristic esca (lure). This latter should look like a small fish and has a cluster of dark swellings and long filaments.[7] The pectoral fin resembles a limb and has an elbow like joint and has a broad connection to the body. The gill opening is to the rear and underneath the base of the pectoral fin. The rear edges of the dprsal and anal fins are connected to the caudal peduncle.[8]
Distribution edit
Abantennarius sanguineus lives in the tropical and subtropical waters from the oriental Pacific Ocean area, from the Gulf of California to Chile; including Revillagigedos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo and the Galapagos islands.[1]
Habitat edit
Abantennarius sanguineus is found on rocky reef slopes always close to a shelter such as a hole or recesses to a 40 metres (130 ft) depth range and with an average occurrence at 20 metres (66 ft) depth.[9]
Feeding edit
As all frogfishes, Abantennarius sanguineus is a voracious carnivore which can attack all small animals that pass within its "strike range"; mainly fishes but sometimes even congeners. Its prey can have size close to its own.[10]
Behaviour edit
Abantennarius sanguineus, like other members of its family, has a benthic and solitary lifestyle. They gather during mating period but do not tolerate each other any more after the act of fertilization. The male can kill or eat the female if it stays close to it.[10] A single female can release up to 300,000 eggs which form a floating raft which remains buoyant until the eggs hatch after a few days.[11]
References edit
- ^ a b Iwamoto, T.; Eschmeyer, W. (2010). "Antennatus sanguineus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T183660A8153685. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T183660A8153685.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2024). "Abantennarius sanguineus" in FishBase. February 2024 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Abantennarius". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (14 November 2022). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ "Facts about Bloody Frogfish (Antennatus sanguineus) - Encyclopedia of Life". Eol.org. 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
- ^ "Antennatus sanguineus - Antennarius sanguineus (Bloody frogfish, Sanguine frogfish - "Blutiger" Anglerfisch) - Frogfish / Anglerfisch: Identification key, behavior, range, habitat, photos / Bestimmungsschlüssel, Merkmale, Verhalten, Vorkommen, Verbreitung, Fotos". Frogfish.ch. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
- ^ "Species: Abantennarius sanguineus, Bloody frogfish, Sanguine frogfish". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Facts about Bloody Frogfish (Antennatus sanguineus) - Encyclopedia of Life". Eol.org. 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
- ^ a b Pietsch & Grobecker, ‘’Frogfishes of the world’’, Stanford University Press, 1987,ISBN 9780804712637
- ^ "Sanguine Frogfish, Abantennarius sanguineus". Mexican Fish. Retrieved 26 March 2024.