The Farah Garad or the Garad Farah (Somali: Faarax Garaad, Arabic: فارح جراد, Full Name: ’Farah Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti ) is a Somali clan which is part of the Dhulbahante clan-family, a sub-division of the larger Harti/Darod clan. The Farah Garad are divided into two sub-clans — Yassin Garad and Abdalla Garad. Abdalla has four clan eponyms, Ahmed Garad, Mohamed Garad (Baharsame), Guled Garad (Barkad) and Ali Garad. They are largely significant in Sool and Togdheer regions of Somalia, and Dollo Somali region of Ethopia.
Faarax Garaad فارح جراد | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Languages | |
| Somali, Arabic, English | |
| Religion | |
| Islam (Sunni) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Mohamoud Garad (Galool Oriye, Jama Siad), Baho Nugaaled, and other Darod groups |
Garad Jama Garad Ali is concurrently the Garad of Farah Garad and the supreme Garad of Dhulbahante. [1]
Overview edit
The largest of the Farah Garad sub-clans, are "Ahmed Garad" Aadan Ahmed mainly (Reer Hagar), Ali Ahmed (AliGheri), Naaleeye Ahmed, Samakaab Ahmed & Cigaal Ahmed(Odala) Warfaa Ahmed and Hassan Ahmed.
- Mohamed Garaad (Bahararsame) are second common sub-clan in Farah Garaad,(Reer Naaleeye, and Reer Garaad Ali.
- Guleed Garad (Barkad) are the third sub-clan in Farah Garaad, mainly Ali shirwac.
Distribution edit
The primarily homeland of the clan straddles the Nugaal Valley and the Ciid segments of the Haud plateaus where they inhabit the Sool and Togdheer region of Somalia.[2] In particular, they settle in the districts of Las Anod and Buuhoodle. In Ethiopia, the clan has a significant presence in the Dollo Zone, specifically in the woredas of Boh, Danot and Werder.[3][4]
Garadate seat edit
Garadate edit
Groups edit
- Dharbash, was a Dervish administrative division which was one third Baharsame, a Farah Garad clan.
People edit
- Cabbaas Xuseen, first prime minister of the Dervish (1895 - 1900); of the Baharsame clan
- Xaashi Suni Fooyaan, peace-time prime minister of the Dervish (1905-1906); of the Baharsame clan
- Soofe-cali Buraale, member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. the government; was of the Baharsame clan
- Cabbane Sugulle, commander of Burcadde-Godwein, a Dervish administrative division
Chief caaqil groups edit
Barkad edit
People edit
There were many notable Barkad people in the Dervish haroun, i.e. its government. These include:
- Jaamac Ismaaciil Dhoon, was a member of the Dervish haroun; of the Barkad clan
- Xareed Duubi Deero, was a member of the Dervish haroun; of the Barkad clan
- Samatar Bullalleh, mentioned in the Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Dervish haroun list
Ahmed Garaad edit
Ali Ahmed (Aligeri) edit
The Ali Geri Ahmed is whom Bah Ali Gheri caaqils (chieftains) of Farah Garad give deference to, by extension making them a confederation.[5] The poem by Ali Dhuh confirms that the Reer Khayre subclan is a Dhulbahante confederation that consists of Ali Geri, Mahad Adan and Farah Adan, with Dhuh referring to it as a grouping in his poem Allahu Akbar.[6] The Bah Ali Gheri onelings have the largest deegaan (traditional clan territory) of the Farah Garad clans, stretching some 200 kilometers, from Dhilaalo in the north to Dannood in the south. According to both colonial sources as well as native historians such as Jama Omar Issa, the Ali Gheri onelings were the clan whom began and started the early camp of Maxkamadaha Dervishta in 1895.[7]
The Ali Gheri clan are particularly known for being the first tribe to adopt the Dervish (Dervish) identity,[8][9][10] and according to professor Ingiriis, the bulk of the Dervish ranks being of the Ali Geri clan, suggested Dervish ideology moved towards "clan solidarity".[11]
Groups edit
In the following Dervish administrative divisions, at least half comprised Bah Ali Gheri muqaddims (arbitrators), scouts, clerics, tenders and fighters:
- Ragxun, was a Dervish administrative division which was half Farah Garad, as Bah Cali Geri is a Farah Garad subclan.
- Miinanle, was a Dervish administrative division which was majority Farah Garad, as Cali-geri and Odala & Egal-Naleye are Farah Garad sub-clans.[12]
- Golaweyne, was a Dervish administrative division which was half Farah Garad, as Cali-geri are Farah Garad sub-clans.
People edit
- Jaamac Cudur, commander of a Garbo Dervish subdivision
- Osman Boss, commander of a Ragxun subdivision
- Aadan Dhacdhaco, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
- Cabdi Yaar Guuleed, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
- Maxamuud Cilmi, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
- Aadan Cawad, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
- Soofe Durraan, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
- Mohamud Hosh, was a member of the Dervish haroun, i.e. government; was of the Reer Khair Dhulbahante clan
- Saliid Baynax, member of Dervish haroun
Lineage edit
There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and some lineages might be omitted."[13] However, the following summarised clan tree presented below is taken from John Hunt's A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate (1944-1950):[14]
- Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti (Darod)
- Mohamed Abdirahman (Kabalalah)
- Abdi Mohamed (Kombe)
- Salah Abdi (Harti)
- Said Abdi (Dhulbahante)
- Muse Said
- Abdale Muse
- Habarwa Abdale
- Shirshore Habarwa
- Habarwa Abdale
- Abdale Muse
- Farah 'Garaad' Shirshore
- Yasin 'Garad' Farah
- Abdulleh Garad Farah
- Ali 'Garad' Abdulle
- Mohamed 'Garad' Abdulle (Bah'ararsame)
- Mohamoud 'Garad' Mohamed (Jabane)
- Mohamed Mohamoud
- Warsame Mohamoud
- Liban Mohamoud
- Sharmarke Mohamoud
- Audon Mohamoud
- Warfa Mohamoud
- Hersi Mohamoud
- Farah Mohamoud
- Ali Mohamoud
- Adur Ali
- Samakab Ali (Adde)
- Samatar Ali
- Omar Ali
- Mohamoud Ali
- Samatar Mohamoud
- Farah Mohamoud
- Mohamed Mohamoud
- Mohamoud Mohamed
- Ali Mohamoud (Bihi Idoor)
- Beder Mohamoud (Bihi Idoor)
- Yusuf Mohamoud (Bihi Idoor)
- Hersi Mohamoud (Bah Ogaden)
- Esa Mohamoud (Bah Ogaden)
- Nur Mohamoud (Bah Majerteen)
- Naleya Mohamoud (Bah Majerteen)
- Ali (Hamud) Naleya
- Magan Naleya
- Mohamoud Naleya
- Hussein Naleya
- Salah Naleya
- Adan Naleya
- Mohamoud Mohamed
- Mohamoud 'Garad' Mohamed (Jabane)
- Guleed 'Garaad' Abdulleh (Barkad)
- Ali Gulled
- Amir Gulled
- Mohamoud Gulled
- Egal Mohamoud
- Esa Mohamoud
- Wegel Mohamoud
- Ali Mohamoud
- Koshin Ali
- Gedi Ali
- Naleya Ali
- Shirwa Naleya
- Musa Shirwa
- Suban Shirwa
- Beeda Shirwa
- Ali Shirwa
- Farah Ali (Baha'Ali)
- Mohamed Ali (Baha'Ali)
- Yusuf Ali (Baha'Ali)
- Maah Ali (Baha'Ali)
- Diriye Ali (Baha'Ali)
- Hersi Ali
- Gulled Ali
- Ahmed 'Garaad' Abdulleh
- Samakab Ahmed (Odala)
- Egal Ahmed (Odala)
- Warfa Ahmed (Bahgeri)
- Hassan Ahmed (Bahgeri)
- Naleye Ahmed (Egal Naleya)
- Ali'Geri Ahmed (Reer Khayr),[a]
- Ismail Ali’Geri
- Hersi Ali’Geri
- Shawe Ali’Geri
- Burale Ali’Geri
- Gulled Ali’Geri
- Warfa Ali'Geri
- Aralle Warfa
- Mohamed Warfa
- Jama Warfa
- Naleya Warfa
- Subaan Ali’Geri
- Beder Suban
- Beyle Suban
- Ali Suban
- Khayr Suban
- Hildid Khayr
- Raage Khayr
- Egal Khayr
- Sharmarke Khayr
- Farah Khayr
- Duale Khayr
- Adan Ahmed
- Mahad Adan (Reer Khayr)
- Aralle Mahad
- Farah Adan (Reer Khayr)
- Wa'eys Adan (Ararsame)
- Warfa Wa'eys
- Hildid Wa'eys
- Shirwa Wa'eys
- Erbad Wa'eys
- Dulul Wa'eys
- Nur Dulul
- Gulled Wa'eys
- Mah Gulled
- Adan Gulled
- Naleya Wa'eys
- Jama Naleya
- Sharmarke Naleya
- Beder Naleya
- Hagar Adan (Ararsame)
- Gedi Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
- Addaad Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
- Warsame Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
- Elmi Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
- Amir Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
- Gulled Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
- Ayaar Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
- Fatah Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
- Adan Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
- Jama Adan (Reer Tuudhe)
- Ahmed Adan
- Abdulle Adan
- Ali Adan
- Qolaab Ali
- Awale Ali
- Warsame Ali
- Farah Adan
- Siad Farah (Bah Abrahin)
- Duale Farah (Bah Abrahin)
- Hersi Farah (Bah Abrahin)
- Warsame Farah (Bah Abrahin)
- Hagar Farah (Bah Abrahin)
- Ismail Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
- Seed Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
- Boos Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
- Omar Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
- Deria Farah (Bah Habar Eli)
- Shire Farah (Bah Hawiye)
- Hussein Farah (Bah Hawiye)
- Elmi Farah (Bah Hawiye)
- Farah Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
- Olloh Farah
- Haad Farah
- Egal Farah
- Jama Egal (Bah Hawiye)
- Mohamoud Egal (Bah Hawiye)
- Ismail Egal (Bah Hawiye)
- Hersi Egal (Bah Ugaadh)
- Aralle Egal (Bah Ugaadh)
- Ahmed Egal (Bah Ugaadh)
- Naleya Egal (Bah Ugaadh)
- Mohamed Egal (Bah Ugaadh)
- Mahad Adan (Reer Khayr)
- Muse Said
- Said Abdi (Dhulbahante)
- Salah Abdi (Harti)
- Abdi Mohamed (Kombe)
- Mohamed Abdirahman (Kabalalah)
Notes edit
- ^ Khayr were a Dhulbahante wadaad / priesthood fraternity: "treatment of the Dhulbahante Khayr people, a clan of Mullahs whom Somalis believed to enjoy divine protection".[15] Colonial sources' usage of "Khayreh" typically refers to the Ali-Gheri-led confederation (see 1917 intelligence report):[16]
Notable Figures edit
Athlete edit
- Mohamed Suleiman, first ethnic Somali to win an Olympic medal
Prime ministers edit
- Ali Khalif Galaydh, Ex-Prime minister of Somalia and Khaatumo President.
- Cabbaas Xuseen, first prime minister of the Dervish (1895 - 1900)
- Xaashi Suni Fooyaan, peace-time prime minister of the Dervish (1905-1906)
Leaders edit
- Mohamed Yusuf Jama, former Khaatumo president
- Saleban Essa Ahmed, SSC Leader and former Somaliland Minister of Health
- Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar, Former Vice President of Puntland.
- Ismail Mire, Shiikhyaale commander, poet.
- Barni Sugulle, female governor of Indhabadan, sister of Faarax Sugulle
- Jaamac Ismaaciil Dhoon, Barkad, Dervish muqaddim
Commanders edit
- Suleiman Aden Galaydh, Dervish commander at Cagaarweyne
- Xayd Aden Galaydh, Dervish commander at Jidbali
Tribal leaders edit
- Garad Jama Garad Ali, Traditional Clan Chief of the Dhulbahante Clan.
- Garaad Abdulahi Garaad Soofe, Garad, of the Ahmed Garad, the second most senior chief of the Farah Garad branch of the Dhulbahante Clan.
Enterprisers edit
- Abdinasir Ali Hassan, Chairman of Hass Petroleum.
- Abdi Holland, Somali artist.
- Ali Dhuh, a great poet a coiner of new Somali words; poetic critic of the Sayid
- Aadan Carab, poet who chronicled colonial-era events; said a Dhulbahante genocide occurred at the hands of European colonialists
Legislative speakers edit
- Bashe Mohamed Farah, Former Speaker of Somalia [[
- Faarax Sugulle, head of the Dervish haroun
Politicians edit
- Ali Jangali, Former Somali minister of foreign affairs.
- Ahmed Aidid former Minister of Education.
- Abdiqani Mohamoud Jidhe, Governor of Sool.
- Abokor Seed Cali, member of the Dervish haroun, of the Odala Samakab (Bahgeri Dhulbahante) clan
References edit
- ^ Hoehne, Markus (2011). "No Easy Way Out: Traditional Authorities in Somalia and the Limits of Hybrid Political Orders" (PDF). Danish Institute for International Studies: 8. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision (PDF). Rift Valley Institute. p. 38.
- ^ Bryden, Matt. "Report on Mission to Haud Area (REGION 5)". United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
- ^ Raeymaekers, Timothy (27 Aug 2013). Violence on the Margins: States, Conflict, and Borderlands. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 9781137333995. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ Radio and propagation of anti-and pro-Ethiopian narratives in Somalia, p 15 - 33, 2012, Alin Mohamed
- ^ "Sayyid Mohammed: And the Role of Poetic Stanzas in his Dervish Struggle". www.geeskaafrika.com. Archived from the original on 2020-10-22.
- ^ Taariikh Nololeedkii sayid Cabdulle xasan by Aw-jaamac cumar ciise. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11.
- ^ Genis, Gerhard (1996). Mohammed Abdulle Hassan en sy volgelinge. Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies. p. 81.
Die Mullah se eerste volgelinge was die Ali Gheri, sy moedersmense. Laasgenoemde was dee I van die Dolbahanta-stam en die grootste getal van die Derwisj-beweging se volgelinge was uit die stam afkomstig. (english translation) The Mullah's first gathering of force were the Ali Gheri, his mother's kin. The latter is a subtribe of the Dolbahanta tribe and is where largest proportion of the Darwish followers were descended from.
- ^ Abdi, Abdulqadir (1993). Divine Madness. Zed Books. p. 101.
to the Dervish cause, such as the Ali Gheri, the Mullah's maternal kinsmen and his first supporters. In fact, Swayne had instructions to fine the Ali Gheri 1000 camels for possible use in the upcoming campaign
- ^ *Bartram, R (1903). The annihilation of Colonel Plunkett's force. The Marion Star.
By his marriage he extended his influence from Abyssinia, on the west, to the borders of Italian Somaliland, on the east. The Ali Gheri were his first followers.
*Hamilton, Angus (1911). Field Force. Hutchinson & Co. p. 50.it appeared for the nonce as if he were content with the homage paid to his learnings and devotional sincerity by the Ogaden and Dolbahanta tribes. The Ali Gheri were his first followers
*Leys, Thomson (1903). The British Sphere. Auckland Star. p. 5.Ali Gheri were his first followers, while these were presently joined by two sections of the Ogaden
- ^ Ingiriis, Mohamed Haji. "The invention of Al-Shabaab in Somalia: Emulating the anti-colonial dervishes movement." African Affairs 117.467 (2018): 217-237. "Sayid abandoned that objective, moving away from it to clan solidarity. He proved this by obtaining the bulk of his fighters from the Ali Geri/Dhulbahante, a clan that held strong antipathy toward the British for supposedly supporting their nemesis"
- ^ Essa, Jama Omar (1976). Taariikhdii Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan (1895-1921). Wasaaradda Hiddaha iyo Tacliinta Sare. p. 173. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ Lewis, "Force and Fission in Northern Somali Lineage Structure", American Anthropologist, New Series, 63 (1961), p. 100
- ^ Hunt, John. A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate-1944-1950 (PDF). Hargeisa. pp. 141–145. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ Samatar, Said Sheikh (2010). Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayid Mahammad 'Abdille Hasan. Cambridge University Press. p. 177. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511735370. ISBN 9780521238335. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ Nicolosi, Gerardo (2002). Imperialismo e resistenza in corno d'Africa: Mohammed Abdullah Hassan e il derviscismo somalo (1899-1920). Rubbettino Editore. p. 282. ISBN 9788849803846. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ "Golaha wasiirada ee dowlad goboleedka Puntland oo caawa la ansixiyay laguna dhawaaqay". Somali Swiss Media. 17 January 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2021.