General Alexej Čepička (18 August 1910 – 30 September 1990) was a Czechoslovak communist politician who served as defense minister from 1950 to 1956.
Alexej Čepička | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Alexej Čepička in 1948 | |
| Minister of National Defence of Czechoslovakia | |
| In office 25 April 1950 – 25 April 1956 | |
| Preceded by | Ludvík Svoboda |
| Succeeded by | Bohumír Lomský |
| Minister of Justice of Czechoslovakia | |
| In office 25 February 1948 – 25 April 1950 | |
| Preceded by | Prokop Drtina |
| Succeeded by | Štefan Rais |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 18 August 1910 Kroměříž, Austria Hungary |
| Died | 30 October 1990 (aged 80) Dobříš, Central Bohemian Region, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) |
| Political party | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia |
| Spouse | Marta Čepičková |
| Alma mater | Faculty of Law of the Charles University |
| Awards | Order of Klement Gottwald Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945 |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Czechoslovakia |
| Branch/service | .svg){kind=small} Czechoslovak Army |
| Rank |  General of the Army |
Early years edit
Čepička was born into a poor family. He studied law in Prague. At the age of 19 he joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia but was not very politically active. Later, he worked in advocacy. In 1942 he was imprisoned by Gestapo and was held in Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps until the end of World War II.[citation needed]
Political career edit
After his return to Kroměříž Čepička got involved in local administration, dealing brutally, quickly, and effectively with post war chaos. He married the daughter of Klement Gottwald, the leader of the Communist Party, who later became prime minister and President of Czechoslovakia.[citation needed]
As a candidate of the Communist Party, Čepička was voted into parliament in the 1946 elections. In 1947, he was named into the position of minister of domestic trade (ministr vnitřního obchodu).[citation needed]
After the Communist takeover of power in 1948, he became Minister of Justice. In this position he let the law system be dominated by the will of the Communist Party; a law prosecuting political opponents was approved and put into full force.[1] In 1950, he was named head of the state commission dealing with churches (Státní úřad pro věci církevní). His task in this position was to suppress any sign of resistance from religious organisations, especially from the Catholic Church.[2][3]
He belonged to the so called "big seven", top party and state leaders, along with President Gottwald, Prime Minister Zápotocký, Central Committee Secretary Antonín Novotný, Minister of the Interior Václav Nosek, Minister of Foreign Affairs Viliam Široký and Minister of Information Václav Kopecký.
Minister of Defence edit
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From 1950 to 1956, Čepička served as Minister of Defence. According to historian Karel Kaplan, Čepička was ordered by Joseph Stalin personally to prepare the Czechoslovak Army for incursion into Western Europe area.[4][5] The preparations included militarisation of the society, purges of those suspected of low loyalty to the new regime, salary rises of army officers, and growth in numbers of army personnel.[citation needed]
While he was the Minister of Defence, he proposed the Hotel International Prague and envisioned a monument to the newly formed Fourth Czechoslovak Republic that would reinforce ties with the Soviet Union.[6][7]
The Fall edit
After the death of Stalin and Gottwald in 1953 the prospect of immediate war lessened and Čepička's position became precarious. Leaders of the Communist Party were afraid of his political ambitions and rumours of his being homosexual did not help his popularity.[citation needed] In his book Špión vypovídá defector Josef Frolík stated that Rudolf Barák had Čepička followed and the general was eventually caught in Letná Park talking to a young man at night.[8]
Čepička was selected as a scapegoat for the cult of personality around Gottwald, dismissed from all functions in 1956 and put into low importance position as head of state patent office (1956-59).[9] In 1959 he suffered a heart attack and was sent into comfortable retirement.[3]
Continuing liberalisation of political life made him a symbol of the past wrongs and in 1963 Čepička was expelled from the Communist Party for his role in the "deformations of the 50s".[3]
Čepička spent the rest of his life in retirement, never entered politics again, and died forgotten.[3][10]
In fiction edit
In 1969 Miroslav Švandrlík wrote Black Barons (Czech: Černí baroni), a satirical book officially published in 1990, after the fall of the Communist Party from power. The book and its sequels became popular and were followed by a film and TV series. The book subtitle "We waged war under Čepička" reminds us of the then Minister of Defense Alexej Čepička. One of the main characters in the book, major Terazky, is shown as a comical character, hopelessly trying to turn stupid army officers and bored conscripts into feared warriors, and this image of him as a clown underscores the absurdity of the socialist army.[11]
Literature edit
- Karel Kaplan, Dans les Archives du comité central: Trente ans de secrets du bloc soviétique, Paris: Michel, 1978, pp. 165-66; ISBN 2-226-00711-3
- Jiří Pernes, Jaroslav Pospíšil, Antonín Lukáš: Alexej Čepička - Šedá eminence rudého režimu (Alexej Čepička - the Grey Eminence of the Red regime), Prague, 2008, ISBN 978-80-7243-322-3.
References edit
- ^ "Alexej ČEPIČKA: TOTALITA". www.totalita.cz. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- ^ "Alexej ČEPIČKA: TOTALITA". www.totalita.cz. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- ^ a b c d "VHU PRAHA". Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- ^ "Did NATO Win the Cold War?". nsarchive2.gwu.edu.
- ^ "Alexej ČEPIČKA: TOTALITA". www.totalita.cz. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- ^ Crous, André (5 October 2014). "Hotel International Prague: A red-letter hotel". The Prague Post. Archived from the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ^ Hubrtová, Kateřina. "Sleeping and Hate: The story of the Prague Hotel International". History and Present (in Czech). Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
- ^ Erban, Ondřej (29 March 2015). "Život gayů za komunismu v Československu". www.vice.com (in Czech). Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- ^ "Alexej ČEPIČKA: TOTALITA". www.totalita.cz. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- ^ Ap (1990-10-05). "Alexej Cepicka, Ex-Prague Minister, 80". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
- ^ "Major Terazky skutečně žil. Poměry u černých baronů ale měly k humoru daleko". Plus (in Czech). 2018-11-04. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
External links edit
- Short biography (in Czech)
- List of functions held by Čepička (in Czech)