Abdul Kahar Jalilul Alam ibni Bolkiah Shah Alam (Jawi: عبد القهار جليل العالم ابن بلقية شاه عالم; died 1578), posthumously known as Marhum Keramat,[1] was the seventh Sultan of Brunei. He was reputed to possess supernatural abilities and be a devout man (berkeramat).[2] He reigned from 1524 until stepping down from the throne in 1530 to allow his nephew and adopted-son Saiful Rijal to become Sultan.[3] Additionally, he was known as Siripada by Antonio Pigafetta in 1521.[4]
| Abdul Kahar عبد القهار | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sultan of Brunei | |||||||||
| Reign | 1524–1530 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Bolkiah | ||||||||
| Successor | Saiful Rijal | ||||||||
| Born | Abdul Kahar Jalilul Alam | ||||||||
| Died | 1578 | ||||||||
| Spouse | Raja Bajau | ||||||||
| Issue Detail | Sultan Saiful Rijal Raja Sakam | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Father | Sultan Bolkiah | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
Background edit
In 1521, a group of Ferdinand Magellan and Antonio Pigafetta visited Brunei when he was the regent. It was said that he was around 40 years old during Pigafetta's visit.[5] In 1526, a Portuguese named Jorge de Menezes came to Brunei with the aim of doing business as well as seeking support to conquer it. But since Brunei's strength at that time was strong, it was expected that it would be quite difficult to defeat, so the purpose of doing business was to continue. Accordingly, he has successfully made a friendship and trade agreement with then Sultan Bolkiah.[3]
Reign edit
Sultan Abdul Kahar ascended the throne in 1524, marking the continuation of Brunei's Golden Age throughout his rule. The entirety of Borneo as well as other foreign territories were included in the colonies he inherited from his father.[4] Another Portuguese diplomat by the name of Goncalo Pereira visited Brunei in 1530 in order to examine the country's affairs while conducting commerce, but his enterprise failed to take off and finally vanished. Many Islamic scholars still visit Brunei, though. With the title Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Abdul Kahar, he abdicated in 1530.[3] The Brunei Times states that he, proceeded to extend Brunei's possessions with naval expeditions, which included the entire Borneo, Palawan, Sulu, Balayan, Mindoro, Bonbon, Balabak, Balambangan and Bangi and Luzon.[6] Pitis was a new form of coinage developed by him.[7] After his death in 1578, he was known as Marhum Keramat (Saint), because it's a common belief that his phantom rode a horse.[8]
Personal life edit
Sultan Abdul Kahar had the following issue:
- Raja Sakam, later Pengiran Bendahara[9]
- Sultan Saiful Rijal, 7th Sultan of Brunei
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Sejarah Sultan-Sultan Brunei" (PDF). Hmjubliemas.gov.bn. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- ^ Borneo Bulletin Brunei Yearbook. Brunei Press Sdn. Bhd. in collaboration with Integrated Information Pte. Limited. 2007. pp. E-89.
- ^ a b c "Pusat Sejarah Brunei - Sultan - Sultan Brunei". www.history-centre.gov.bn. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
- ^ a b Awang.), Abdul Aziz bin Awang Juned (Pehin Tuan Imam Dato Paduka Seri Setia Haji (2008). Islam in Brunei: During the Reign of His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah, Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam. Brunei History Centre, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports. pp. XXXIII. ISBN 978-99917-34-55-2.
- ^ Brunei (1974). Annual Report. Printed at the Brunei Press. p. 388.
- ^ Thiessen, Tamara (2012). Borneo: Sabah, Brunei, Sarawak. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-84162-390-0.
- ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 518. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0.
- ^ Brunei (1961). Annual Report on Brunei. Printed at the Brunei Press. p. 159.
- ^ Hajah.), Saadiah binti Datu Derma Wijaya Haji Tamit (Datin (2012). Pembubaran perkahwinan dalam undang-undang keluarga Islam Brunei dan perbandingan dengan undang-undang keluarga Islam Malaysia (in Malay). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan. p. 5. ISBN 978-99917-0-727-3.