Abd al-Mutalib ibn Ghalib ibn Musa‘ad[citation needed] (Arabic: عبد المطلب بن غالب بن مساعد, romanized: ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Ghālib ibn Musā‘ad; 1790 — 29 January 1886)[citation needed] served three times as Emir and Grand Sharif of Mecca: First in 1827,[citation needed] then 1851 to 1856, and finally 1880 to 1881.
His rule after replacing Muhammad ibn Awn in 1851 was characterized by pro-slavery and anti-Ottoman riots.[1] He was pro-slavery and led riots, in this contest he struggled with Vali Kâmil Pasha's enforcement of anti-slavery law and Awn's supporters. On 15 or 17 November 1855, Awn's reappointment was announced in Jeddah; al-Muttalib rejected this, raising his supporters and allegedly requesting Beduin chiefs assist him.[2] Awn was reinstalled on 17 April 1856, but fighting continued until al-Muttalib was captured in May and sent to Istanbul.[1] When he returned to power in 1880, he did not oppose English and Ottoman anti-slavery due, as suggested by William Ochsenwald, to his reliance on the central government for his competition with Vali Osman Nuri Pasha.[3]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b Ochsenwald, W. L. (1977). "The Jidda Massacre of 1858". Middle Eastern Studies. 13 (3): 317. doi:10.1080/00263207708700355. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4282661.
- ^ Ochsenwald (1980), pp. 118–119, 121–122
- ^ Ochsenwald (1980), pp. 121–122
- Bibliography
- Ochsenwald, William (1980). "Muslim-European Conflict in the Hijaz: The Slave Trade Controversy, 1840-1895". Middle Eastern Studies. 16 (1): 115–126. doi:10.1080/00263208008700428. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4282774.