965

965 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	965; CMLXV
Ab urbe condita	1718
Armenian calendar	414; ԹՎ ՆԺԴ
Assyrian calendar	5715
Balinese saka calendar	886–887
Bengali calendar	372
Berber calendar	1915
Buddhist calendar	1509
Burmese calendar	327
Byzantine calendar	6473–6474
Chinese calendar	甲子年 (Wood Rat); 3662 or 3455; — to —; 乙丑年 (Wood Ox); 3663 or 3456
Coptic calendar	681–682
Discordian calendar	2131
Ethiopian calendar	957–958
Hebrew calendar	4725–4726
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1021–1022
- Shaka Samvat	886–887
- Kali Yuga	4065–4066
Holocene calendar	10965
Iranian calendar	343–344
Islamic calendar	353–355
Japanese calendar	Kōhō 2; (康保２年)
Javanese calendar	865–866
Julian calendar	965; CMLXV
Korean calendar	3298
Minguo calendar	947 before ROC; 民前947年
Nanakshahi calendar	−503
Seleucid era	1276/1277 AG
Thai solar calendar	1507–1508
Tibetan calendar	阳木鼠年; (male Wood-Rat); 1091 or 710 or −62; — to —; 阴木牛年; (female Wood-Ox); 1092 or 711 or −61

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	9th century; 10th century ; 11th century;
Decades:	940s; 950s; 960s ; 970s; 980s;
Years:	962; 963; 964; 965 ; 966; 967; 968;

Year 965 (CMLXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events edit

Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Nikephoros II conquers the fortress cities of Tarsus and Mopsuestia. The Muslim residents abandon the defense and flee into Syria. Nikephoros completes the conquest of Cilicia; Muslim raids into Anatolia (modern Turkey) permanently cease. Byzantine troops under General Niketas Chalkoutzes occupy Cyprus, liberating the Greek population from Muslim domination.^[1]
Battle of the Straits: The Byzantine attempt to recover Sicily fails, when the Byzantine fleet is annihilated by the Fatimids. The last Byzantine stronghold on the island, Rometta, surrenders. The population is massacred, and the survivors are sold into slavery. Caliph Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah completes the conquest of Sicily, and establishes naval superiority in the Western Mediterranean.

Spring – King Lothair III exploits the succession crisis in Flanders and captures many cities, but is eventually repulsed by the supporters of Arnulf II — the son of Baldwin III and former co-ruler of Flanders. Lothair attempts to increase his influence in Lotharingia, once held by the Carolingian dynasty. Emperor Otto I (the Great) encourages resistance to Lothair's overtures.^[2]
Boleslaus I (the Cruel), duke of Bohemia, expands his territory into the Polish territories of Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland. By occupying the city of Kraków, he controls important trade routes from Prague to Kiev and Lviv. Prince Mieszko I of Poland makes an alliance with Boleslaus and marries his daughter Dobrawa.^[3]
The Khazar fortress city of Sarkel, located on the Lower Don River, is captured by Kievan Rus' under Grand Prince Sviatoslav I. The city is renamed Belaya Vezha (White Fortress) and settled by Slavs.

July 12 – Emperor Meng Chang of Later Shu dies after a 30-year reign. His kingdom is invaded and incorporated into the expanding Song dynasty.

September 23 – Al-Mutanabbi, an Abbasid poet, returns from 5 years in Mesopotamia. He has lived at Shiraz under the protection of the Buyid emir 'Adud al-Dawla, but bandits kill him near An Numaniyah (modern Iran).

March 1 – Pope Leo VIII dies after a 13-month reign. He is succeeded by John XIII as the 133rd pope of the Catholic Church.

^ W. Treadgold. A History of the Byzantine state and Society, p. 948.
^ Jim Bradbury (2007). The Capetians: Kings of France, 987–1328, p. 43 (London: Hambledon Continuum).
^ Richard Brzezinski (1998). History of Poland: Old Poland, King Mieszko I, p. 15. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.

Gregorian calendar	965 CMLXV
Ab urbe condita	1718
Armenian calendar	414 ԹՎ ՆԺԴ
Assyrian calendar	5715
Balinese saka calendar	886–887
Bengali calendar	372
Berber calendar	1915
Buddhist calendar	1509
Burmese calendar	327
Byzantine calendar	6473–6474
Chinese calendar	甲子年 (Wood Rat) 3662 or 3455 — to — 乙丑年 (Wood Ox) 3663 or 3456
Coptic calendar	681–682
Discordian calendar	2131
Ethiopian calendar	957–958
Hebrew calendar	4725–4726
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1021–1022
- Shaka Samvat	886–887
- Kali Yuga	4065–4066
Holocene calendar	10965
Iranian calendar	343–344
Islamic calendar	353–355
Japanese calendar	Kōhō 2 (康保２年)
Javanese calendar	865–866
Julian calendar	965 CMLXV
Korean calendar	3298
Minguo calendar	947 before ROC 民前947年
Nanakshahi calendar	−503
Seleucid era	1276/1277 AG
Thai solar calendar	1507–1508
Tibetan calendar	阳木鼠年 (male Wood-Rat) 1091 or 710 or −62 — to — 阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) 1092 or 711 or −61