2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Presidential primaries and caucuses were organized by the Democratic Party to select the 3,979 pledged delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention held on August 17–20 to determine the party's nominee for president in the 2020 United States presidential election. The elections took place in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and through Democrats Abroad, and occurred between February 3 and August 11.

2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries

← 2016 February 3 to August 11, 2020 2024 →

 
Candidate Joe Biden Bernie Sanders Elizabeth Warren
Home state Delaware Vermont Massachusetts
Delegate count 2,695 1,117 79
Contests won 46 9[b] 0
Popular vote 19,080,074 9,680,121 2,831,566
Percentage 51.7% 26.2% 7.7%

 
Candidate Michael Bloomberg Pete Buttigieg
Home state New York Indiana
Delegate count 51 26
Contests won 1 1
Popular vote 2,552,320 924,279
Percentage 6.9% 2.5%

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2020 California Democratic presidential primary2020 Oregon Democratic presidential primary2020 Washington Democratic presidential primary2020 Idaho Democratic presidential primary2020 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses2020 Utah Democratic presidential primary2020 Arizona Democratic presidential primary2020 Montana Democratic presidential primary2020 Wyoming Democratic presidential caucuses2020 Colorado Democratic presidential primary2020 New Mexico Democratic presidential primary2020 North Dakota Democratic presidential caucuses2020 South Dakota Democratic presidential primary2020 Nebraska Democratic presidential primary2020 Kansas Democratic presidential primary2020 Oklahoma Democratic presidential primary2020 Texas Democratic presidential primary2020 Minnesota Democratic presidential primary2020 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses2020 Missouri Democratic presidential primary2020 Arkansas Democratic presidential primary2020 Louisiana Democratic presidential primary2020 Wisconsin Democratic presidential primary2020 Illinois Democratic presidential primary2020 Michigan Democratic presidential primary2020 Indiana Democratic presidential primary2020 Ohio Democratic presidential primary2020 Kentucky Democratic presidential primary2020 Tennessee Democratic presidential primary2020 Mississippi Democratic presidential primary2020 Alabama Democratic presidential primary2020 Georgia Democratic presidential primary2020 Florida Democratic presidential primary2020 South Carolina Democratic presidential primary2020 North Carolina Democratic presidential primary2020 Virginia Democratic presidential primary2020 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary2020 District of Columbia Democratic presidential primary2020 Maryland Democratic presidential primary2020 Delaware Democratic presidential primary2020 Pennsylvania Democratic presidential primary2020 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary2020 New York Democratic presidential primary2020 Connecticut Democratic presidential primary2020 Rhode Island Democratic presidential primary2020 Vermont Democratic presidential primary2020 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary2020 Maine Democratic presidential primary2020 Massachusetts Democratic presidential primary2020 Alaska Democratic presidential primary2020 Hawaii Democratic presidential primary2020 Puerto Rico Democratic presidential primary2020 U.S. Virgin Islands presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2020 Northern Mariana Islands presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2020 American Samoa presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2020 Guam presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2020 Democrats Abroad presidential primary

Previous Democratic nominee

Hillary Clinton

Democratic nominee

Joe Biden

A total of 29 major candidates declared their candidacies for the primaries. Former Vice President Joe Biden led polls throughout 2019, with the exception of a brief period in October when Senator Elizabeth Warren experienced a surge in support.[3] 18 of the 29 declared candidates withdrew before the formal beginning of the primary due to low polling, fundraising, and media coverage. The first primary was marred by controversy, as technical issues with vote reporting resulted in a three-day delay in vote counting in the Iowa caucus, as well as subsequent recounts. The certified results of the caucus eventually showed Mayor Pete Buttigieg winning the most delegates, while Senator Bernie Sanders won the popular vote in the state. Sanders then won the New Hampshire primary in a narrow victory over Buttigieg before comfortably winning the Nevada caucus, solidifying his status as the front-runner for the nomination.[4][5]

Biden, whose campaign fortunes had suffered from losses in Iowa, New Hampshire and Nevada, made a comeback by overwhelmingly winning the South Carolina primary, motivated by strong support from African American voters, an endorsement from South Carolina U.S. Representative Jim Clyburn, as well as Democratic establishment concerns about nominating Sanders.[6] After Biden won South Carolina, and one day before the Super Tuesday primaries, several candidates dropped out of the race and endorsed Biden in what was viewed as a consolidation of the party's moderate wing. Prior to the announcement, polling saw Sanders leading with a plurality in most Super Tuesday states.[7] Biden then won 10 out of 15 contests on Super Tuesday, beating back challenges from Sanders, Warren, and former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, solidifying his lead.[7] Increasingly, as the primaries proceeded, they were overshadowed in public attention by the COVID-19 pandemic, which the World Health Organization declared to be a global pandemic on March 11, eight days after Super Tuesday.[8] Between March 19 and April 7, most states in the country issued stay-at-home orders, and the overwhelming majority of campaign activity was suspended.

On April 8, Biden became the presumptive nominee after Sanders, the only other candidate remaining, withdrew from the race.[9] In early June, Biden passed the threshold of 1,991 delegates to win the nomination.[10][11] Seven candidates received pledged delegates: Biden, Sanders, Warren, Bloomberg, Buttigieg, Senator Amy Klobuchar and U.S. Representative Tulsi Gabbard.[12] On August 11, Biden announced that former presidential candidate Senator Kamala Harris would be his running mate.[13] Biden and Harris were officially nominated for president and vice president by delegates at the Democratic National Convention on August 18 and 19.[14][15] Biden and Harris won the presidency and vice presidency in the general election on November 3, defeating the incumbents President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence.

Biden became the first Democratic candidate since Bill Clinton, and the third ever Democratic candidate,[c] to win the nomination without carrying either Iowa or New Hampshire, the first two states on the primary/caucus calendar.

The primaries were initially scheduled to go through June 6. The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States caused a number of states to shift their primaries to later in the year.

Background

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After Hillary Clinton's loss in the previous election, many felt the Democratic Party lacked a clear leading figure.[16] Divisions remained in the party following the 2016 primaries, which pitted Clinton against Bernie Sanders.[17][18] Between the 2016 election and the 2018 midterm elections, Senate Democrats generally shifted to the political left in relation to college tuition, healthcare, and immigration.[19][20] The 2018 elections saw the Democratic Party regain the House of Representatives for the first time in eight years, picking up seats in both urban and suburban districts.[21][22]

Reforms since 2016

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On August 25, 2018, the Democratic National Committee (DNC) members passed reforms to the Democratic Party's primary process in order to increase participation[23] and ensure transparency.[24] State parties are encouraged to use a government-run primary whenever available and increase the accessibility of their primary through same-day or automatic registration and same-day party switching. Caucuses are required to have absentee voting, or to otherwise allow those who cannot participate in person to be included.[23]

Independent of the results of the primaries and caucuses, the Democratic Party, from its group of party leaders and elected officials, also appointed 771[a] unpledged delegates (superdelegates) to participate in its national convention.

In contrast to all previous election cycles since superdelegates were introduced in 1984, superdelegates will no longer have the right to cast decisive votes on the convention's first ballot for the presidential nomination. They will be allowed to cast non-decisive votes if a candidate has clinched the nomination before the first ballot, or decisive votes on subsequent ballots in a contested convention.[25][26] In that case, the number of votes required shall increase to a majority of pledged and superdelegates combined. Superdelegates are not precluded from publicly endorsing a candidate before the convention.

There were a number of changes to the process of nomination at the state level. A decline in the number of caucuses occurred after 2016. Democrats in Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Washington all switched from various forms of caucuses to primaries. Hawaii, Kansas, and North Dakota switched to party-run "firehouse primaries".[27]

This resulted in the lowest number of caucuses in the Democratic Party's recent history. Only three states (Iowa, Nevada, and Wyoming) and four territories (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas, and U.S. Virgin Islands) used them. Six states were approved in 2019 by the DNC to use ranked-choice voting in the primaries: Alaska, Hawaii, Kansas, and Wyoming for all voters; Iowa and Nevada for absentee voters.[28] Rather than eliminating candidates until a single winner is chosen, voters' choices were reallocated until all remaining candidates have at least 15%, the threshold to receive delegates to the convention.[29]

Several states which did not use paper ballots widely in 2016 and 2018, adopted them for the 2020 primary and general elections,[30] to minimize potential interference in vote tallies, a concern raised by intelligence officials,[31] election officials[32] and the public.[33] The move to paper ballots enabled audits to start where they had not been possible before, and in 2020 about half the states audit samples of primary ballots to measure accuracy of the reported results.[34] Audits of caucus results depend on party rules, and the Iowa Democratic party investigated inaccuracies in precinct reports, resolved enough to be sure the delegate allocations were correct, and decided it did not have authority or time to correct all errors.[35][36][37]

Rules for number of delegates

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Number of pledged delegates per state

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The number of pledged delegates from each state is proportional to the state's share of the electoral college, and to the state's past Democratic votes for president.[38][39] Thus less weight is given to swing states and Republican states, while more weight is given to strongly Democratic states, in choosing a nominee.

Six pledged delegates are assigned to each territory, 44 to Puerto Rico, and 12 to Democrats Abroad. Each jurisdiction can also earn bonus delegates by holding primaries after March or in clusters of 3 or more neighboring states.[38]

Within states, a quarter of pledged delegates are allocated to candidates based on statewide vote totals, and the rest typically based on votes in each congressional district, although some states use divisions other than congressional districts. For example, Texas uses state Senate districts.[40][38] Districts which have voted Democratic in the past get more delegates, and fewer delegates are allocated for swing districts and Republican districts.[38] For example, House Speaker Pelosi's strongly Democratic district 12 has 7 delegates, or one per 109,000 people, and a swing district, CA-10, which became Democratic in 2018, has 4 delegates, or one per 190,000 people.[41][42][43]

Candidate threshold

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Candidates who received under 15% of the votes in a state or district didn't get any delegates from that area. Candidates who got 15% or more of the votes divided delegates in proportion to their votes.[41][44] These rules apply at the state level to state delegates and within each district for those delegates. The 15% threshold was established in 1992[45] to limit "fringe" candidates.[46] The threshold now means that any sector of the party (moderate, progressive, etc.) which produces many candidates, thus dividing supporters' votes, may win few delegates, even if it wins a majority of votes.[46][47][45]

Schedule and results

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  February   March 3 (Super Tuesday)   March 10   March 14–17   March 24–29   April 4–7   April 28   May   June

 

  February   March 3 (Super Tuesday)   March 10   March 14–17   April 7–17   April 28   May   June   July–August

Date
(daily totals)
Total pledged
delegates
Contest
and total popular vote
Delegates won and popular vote
Joe Biden Bernie Sanders Elizabeth Warren Michael Bloomberg Pete Buttigieg Amy Klobuchar Tulsi Gabbard Other
February 3 41 Iowa
172,300[d]
[e]14[e]
23,605 (13.7%)
9
45,652 (26.5%)
5
34,909 (20.3%)

16 (0.0%)
[f]12[f]
43,209 (25.1%)
1
21,100 (12.2%)

16 (0.0%)

3,793 (2.2%)
February 11 24 New Hampshire
298,377

24,944 (8.4%)
9
76,384 (25.6%)

27,429 (9.2%)

4,675 (1.6%)
9
72,454 (24.3%)
6
58,714 (19.7%)

9,755 (3.3%)

24,022 (8.1%)
February 22 36 Nevada
101,543[g]
9
19,179 (18.9%)
24
41,075 (40.5%)

11,703 (11.5%)
3
17,598 (17.3%)

7,376 (7.3%)

32 (0.0%)

4,580 (4.5%)
February 29 54 South Carolina
539,263
39
262,336 (48.7%)
15
106,605 (19.8%)

38,120 (7.1%)

44,217 (8.2%)

16,900 (3.1%)

6,813 (1.3%)

64,272 (11.9%)
March 3
(Super Tuesday)
(1,344)
52 Alabama
452,093
44
286,065 (63.3%)
8
74,755 (16.5%)

25,847 (5.7%)

52,750 (11.7%)

1,416 (0.3%)

907 (0.2%)

1,038 (0.2%)

9,315 (2.1%)
6 American Samoa
351

31 (8.8%)

37 (10.5%)

5 (1.4%)
4
175 (49.9%)
2
103 (29.3%)
31 Arkansas
229,122
[h]19[h]
93,012 (40.6%)
9
51,413 (22.4%)

22,971 (10.0%)
3
38,312 (16.7%)

7,649 (3.3%)

7,009 (3.1%)

1,593 (0.7%)

7,163 (3.1%)
415 California
5,784,364
172
1,613,854 (27.9%)
225
2,080,846 (36.0%)
11
762,555 (13.2%)
7
701,803 (12.1%)

249,256 (4.3%)

126,961 (2.2%)

33,769 (0.6%)

215,320 (3.7%)
67 Colorado
960,128
21
236,565 (24.6%)
29
355,293 (37.0%)
[i]8[i]
168,695 (17.6%)
[j]9[j]
177,727 (18.5%)

10,037 (1.0%)

11,811 (1.2%)
24 Maine
205,937
[k]13[k]
68,729 (33.4%)
9
66,826 (32.4%)
2
32,055 (15.6%)

24,294 (11.8%)

4,364 (2.1%)

2,826 (1.4%)

1,815 (0.9%)

5,028 (2.4%)
91 Massachusetts
1,418,180
[l]45[l]
473,861 (33.4%)
30
376,990 (26.6%)
16
303,864 (21.4%)

166,200 (11.7%)

38,400 (2.7%)

17,297 (1.2%)

10,548 (0.7%)

31,020 (2.2%)
75 Minnesota
744,198
[m]43[m]
287,553 (38.6%)
27
222,431 (29.9%)
5
114,674 (15.4%)

61,882 (8.3%)

7,616 (1.0%)

41,530 (5.6%)

2,504 (0.3%)

6,008 (0.8%)
110 North Carolina
1,332,382
68
572,271 (43.0%)
37
322,645 (24.2%)
2
139,912 (10.5%)
3
172,558 (13.0%)

43,632 (3.3%)

30,742 (2.3%)

6,622 (0.5%)

44,000 (3.3%)
37 Oklahoma
304,281
21
117,633 (38.7%)
13
77,425 (25.4%)
1
40,732 (13.4%)
2
42,270 (13.9%)

5,115 (1.7%)

6,733 (2.2%)

5,109 (1.7%)

9,264 (3.0%)
64 Tennessee
516,250
36
215,390 (41.7%)
22
129,168 (25.0%)
1
53,732 (10.4%)
[n]5[n]
79,789 (15.5%)

17,102 (3.3%)

10,671 (2.1%)

2,278 (0.4%)

8,120 (1.6%)
228 Texas
2,094,428
113
725,562 (34.6%)
99
626,339 (29.9%)
5
239,237 (11.4%)
11
300,608 (14.4%)

82,671 (3.9%)

43,291 (2.1%)

8,688 (0.4%)

68,032 (3.2%)
29 Utah
220,582
7
40,674 (18.4%)
16
79,728 (36.1%)
[o]3[o]
35,727 (16.2%)
[p]3[p]
33,991 (15.4%)

18,734 (8.5%)

7,603 (3.4%)

1,704 (0.8%)

2,421 (1.1%)
16 Vermont
158,032
5
34,669 (21.9%)
11
79,921 (50.6%)

19,785 (12.5%)

14,828 (9.4%)

3,709 (2.3%)

1,991 (1.3%)

1,303 (0.8%)

1,826 (1.2%)
99 Virginia
1,323,693
67
705,501 (53.3%)
31
306,388 (23.1%)
1
142,546 (10.8%)

128,030 (9.7%)

11,199 (0.8%)

8,414 (0.6%)

11,288 (0.9%)

10,327 (0.8%)
March 3–10 13 Democrats Abroad
39,984
4
9,059 (22.7%)
9
23,139 (57.9%)

5,730 (14.3%)[q]

892 (2.2%)[r]

616 (1.5%)

224 (0.6%)

146 (0.4%)

178 (0.4%)
March 10
(352)
20 Idaho
108,649
12
53,151 (48.9%)
8
46,114 (42.4%)

2,878 (2.6%)

2,612 (2.4%)

1,426 (1.3%)

774 (0.7%)

876 (0.8%)

818 (0.8%)
125 Michigan
1,587,679
73
840,360 (52.9%)
52
576,926 (36.3%)

26,148 (1.6%)

73,464 (4.6%)

22,462 (1.4%)

11,018 (0.7%)

9,461 (0.6%)

27,840 (1.8%)
36 Mississippi
274,391
34
222,160 (81.0%)
2
40,657 (14.8%)

1,550 (0.6%)

6,933 (2.5%)

562 (0.2%)

440 (0.2%)

1,003 (0.4%)

1,086 (0.4%)
68 Missouri
666,112
44
400,347 (60.1%)
24
230,374 (34.6%)

8,156 (1.2%)

9,866 (1.5%)

3,309 (0.5%)

2,682 (0.4%)

4,887 (0.7%)

6,491 (1.0%)
14 North Dakota
14,546
6
5,742 (39.5%)
8
7,682 (52.8%)

366 (2.5%)

113 (0.8%)

164 (1.1%)

223 (1.5%)

89 (0.6%)

167 (1.1%)
89 Washington
1,558,776
46
591,403 (37.9%)
43
570,039 (36.6%)

142,652 (9.2%)

122,530 (7.9%)

63,344 (4.1%)

33,383 (2.1%)

13,199 (0.9%)

22,226 (1.4%)
March 14 6 Northern Mariana Islands
134
2
48 (35.8%)
4
84 (62.7%)

2 (1.5%)
March 17
(441)
67 Arizona
613,355
38
268,029 (43.7%)
29
200,456 (32.7%)

35,537 (5.8%)

58,797 (9.6%)[s]

24,868 (4.1%)

10,333 (1.7%)[s]

3,014 (0.5%)

12,321 (2.0%)
219 Florida
1,739,214
162
1,077,375 (61.9%)
57
397,311 (22.8%)

32,875 (1.9%)

146,544 (8.4%)

39,886 (2.3%)

17,276 (1.0%)

8,712 (0.5%)

19,235 (1.1%)
155 Illinois
1,674,133
95
986,661 (58.9%)
60
605,701 (36.2%)

24,413 (1.5%)

25,500 (1.5%)

9,729 (0.6%)

9,642 (0.6%)

12,487 (0.7%)
April 7 84 Wisconsin
925,065
56
581,463 (62.9%)
28
293,441 (31.7%)

14,060 (1.5%)

8,846 (1.0%)

4,946 (0.5%)

6,079 (0.7%)

5,565 (0.6%)

10,665 (1.2%)
April 10 15 Alaska
19,759[t]
8
10,834 (54.8%)
7
8,755 (44.3%)
0
Eliminated 7th
0
Eliminated 3rd
0
Eliminated 6th
0
Eliminated 5th
0
Eliminated 4th

170 (0.9%)[u]
April 17 14 Wyoming
15,391[t]
10
10,912 (70.9%)
4
4,206 (27.3%)
0
Eliminated 7th
0
Eliminated 5th
0
Eliminated 6th
0
Eliminated 4th
0
Eliminated 2nd

273 (1.8%)[u]
April 28 136 Ohio
894,383
115
647,284 (72.4%)
21
149,683 (16.7%)

30,985 (3.5%)

28,704 (3.2%)

15,113 (1.7%)

11,899 (1.3%)

4,560 (0.5%)

6,155 (0.7%)
May 2 39 Kansas
146,873[t]
29
110,041 (74.9%)
10
33,142 (22.6%)
0
Eliminated 3rd
0
Eliminated 1st

3,690 (2.5%)[u]
May 12 29 Nebraska
164,582
29
126,444 (76.8%)

23,214 (14.1%)

10,401 (6.3%)

4,523 (2.7%)
May 19 61 Oregon
618,711
46
408,315 (66.0%)
15
127,345 (20.6%)

59,355 (9.6%)

10,717 (1.7%)

12,979 (2.1%)
May 22 24 Hawaii
35,044[t]
16
21,215 (60.5%)
8
12,337 (35.2%)
0
Eliminated 9th
0
Eliminated 7th
0
Eliminated 5th
0
Eliminated 3rd
0
Eliminated 8th

1,492 (4.3%)[u]
June 2
(479)
20 District of Columbia
110,688
19
84,093 (76.0%)

11,116 (10.0%)
1
14,228 (12.9%)

442 (0.4%)

809 (0.7%)
82 Indiana
497,927
80
380,836 (76.5%)
2
67,688 (13.6%)

14,344 (2.9%)

4,783 (1.0%)

17,957 (3.6%)

3,860 (0.8%)

2,657 (0.5%)

5,802 (1.2%)
96 Maryland
1,050,773
96
879,753 (83.7%)

81,939 (7.8%)

27,134 (2.6%)

6,773 (0.6%)

7,180 (0.7%)

5,685 (0.5%)

4,226 (0.4%)

38,083 (3.6%)
19 Montana
149,973
18
111,706 (74.5%)
1
22,033 (14.7%)

11,984 (8.0%)

4,250 (2.8%)
34 New Mexico
247,880
30
181,700 (73.3%)
4
37,435 (15.1%)

14,552 (5.9%)

2,735 (1.1%)

11,458 (4.6%)
186 Pennsylvania
1,595,508
151
1,264,624 (79.3%)
35
287,834 (18.0%)

43,050 (2.7%)
26 Rhode Island
103,982
25
79,728 (76.7%)
1
15,525 (14.9%)

4,479 (4.3%)

651 (0.6%)

3,599 (3.5%)
16 South Dakota
52,661
13
40,800 (77.5%)
3
11,861 (22.5%)
June 6
(14)
7 Guam
388
5
270 (69.6%)
2
118 (30.4%)
7 U.S. Virgin Islands
550
7
502 (91.3%)

28 (5.1%)

20 (3.6%)
June 9
(133)
105 Georgia
1,086,729[v]
105
922,177 (84.9%)

101,668 (9.4%)

21,906 (2.0%)

7,657 (0.7%)

6,346 (0.6%)

4,317 (0.4%)

4,117 (0.4%)

18,541 (1.7%)
28 West Virginia
187,482
28
122,518 (65.3%)

22,793 (12.2%)

5,741 (3.1%)

3,759 (2.0%)

3,455 (1.8%)

3,011 (1.6%)

4,163 (2.2%)

22,042 (11.8%)
June 23
(328)
54 Kentucky
537,905
52
365,284 (67.9%)

65,055 (12.1%)

15,300 (2.8%)

9,127 (1.7%)

5,296 (1.0%)

5,859 (1.1%)
[w]2[w]
71,984 (13.4%)
274 New York
1,759,039
230
1,136,679 (64.6%)
[x]44[x]
285,908 (16.3%)

82,917 (4.7%)

39,433 (2.2%)

22,927 (1.3%)

11,028 (0.6%)

9,083 (0.5%)

171,064 (9.7%)
July 7
(147)
21 Delaware
91,682
21
81,954 (89.4%)

6,878 (7.5%)

2,850 (3.1%)
126 New Jersey
958,762
121
814,188 (84.9%)
[y]5[y]
140,412 (14.6%)

4,162 (0.4%)
July 11 54 Louisiana
267,286
54
212,555 (79.5%)

19,859 (7.4%)

6,426 (2.4%)

4,312 (1.6%)

2,363 (0.9%)

2,431 (0.9%)

1,962 (0.7%)

17,378 (6.5%)
July 12 51 Puerto Rico
7,022
44
3,930 (56.0%)
5
932 (13.3%)

101 (1.4%)
2
894 (12.7%)

158 (2.3%)

31 (0.4%)

194 (2.8%)

782 (11.1%)
August 11 60 Connecticut
264,416
60
224,500 (84.9%)

30,512 (11.5%)





3,429 (1.3%)

5,975 (2.3%)
Total
3,979 pledged delegates
36,922,938 votes
2,720
19,080,074 (51.68%)
[z]1,114[z]
9,680,121 (26.22%)
[aa]61[aa]
2,831,566 (7.67%)
[ab]49[ab]
2,552,320 (6.91%)
[ac]24[ac]
924,279 (2.50%)
7
540,055 (1.46%)
2
273,977 (0.74%)
2
1,040,546 (2.82%)

Election day postponements and cancellations

edit

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, a number of presidential primaries were rescheduled. On April 27, New York canceled its primary altogether on the grounds that there was only one candidate left with an active campaign. Andrew Yang responded with a lawsuit, arguing that the decision infringes on voting rights,[63] and in early May, the judge ruled in favor of Yang.[64]

2020 Democratic primaries altered due to COVID-19.
Primary Original
schedule
Altered
schedule
Vote in
person?
Last
changed
Ref.
Ohio March 17 April 28[ad] Canceled March 25 [65][66]
Georgia March 24 June 9 Held April 9 [67][68]
Puerto Rico March 29 July 12 Held May 21 [69][70][71]
Alaska April 4 April 10[ae] Canceled March 23 [72]
Wyoming April 4 April 17[af] Canceled March 22 [73]
Hawaii April 4 May 22[ag] Canceled March 27 [74][75][76]
Louisiana April 4 July 11[ah] Held April 14 [77][78]
Maryland April 28 June 2 Held March 17 [79]
Pennsylvania April 28 June 2 Held March 27 [80]
Rhode Island April 28 June 2 Held March 23 [81]
New York April 28 June 23 Held April 27 [82][83][84]
Delaware April 28 July 7 Held May 7 [85][86]
Connecticut April 28 August 11 Held April 17 [87]
Kansas May 2 May 2[ai] Canceled March 30 [88]
Guam May 2 June 6 Held June 4 [89]
Indiana May 5 June 2 Held March 20 [90]
West Virginia May 12 June 9 Held April 1 [91]
Kentucky May 19 June 23 Held March 16 [92]
New Jersey June 2 July 7[aj] Held April 8 [93]

In addition, the DNC elected to delay the 2020 Democratic National Convention from July 13–16 to August 17–20.[94]

Candidates

edit

Major candidates in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries had held significant elective office or received substantial media coverage.

Nearly 300 candidates who did not receive significant media coverage also filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for president in the primary.[95]

Nominee

edit
Candidate Born Most recent position State Campaign announced Pledged delegates[96] Popular vote[97] Contests won Article Running mate Ref.
 
Joe Biden
November 20, 1942
(age 77)
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Vice President of the United States (2009–2017)   Delaware April 25, 2019 2,695 19,080,074
(51.68%)
46
(AL, AK, AZ, AR, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, GU, HI, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, NY, NC, OH, OK, OR, PA, PR, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VI, WA, WV, WI, WY)
 
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
Secured nomination:
June 5, 2020
Kamala Harris [98]

Withdrew during the primaries

edit
Candidate Born Most recent position State Campaign announced Campaign suspended Delegates won[96] Popular vote[97] Contests won Article Ref.
 
Bernie Sanders
September 8, 1941
(age 78)
Brooklyn, New York
U.S. senator from Vermont
(2007–present)
  Vermont February 19, 2019 April 8, 2020
(endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[99]
1,073 9,679,213
(26.63%)
9
(CA, CO, DA, NV, NH, ND, MP, UT, VT)
 
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[100][101]
 
Tulsi Gabbard
April 12, 1981
(age 39)
Leloaloa, American Samoa
U.S. representative from HI-02
(2013–2021)
  Hawaii January 11, 2019 March 19, 2020
(endorsed Biden)[102]
2 273,940
(0.76%)
0  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[103][104]
 
Elizabeth Warren
June 22, 1949
(age 71)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
U.S. senator from Massachusetts
(2013–present)
  Massachusetts February 9, 2019
Exploratory committee: December 31, 2018
March 5, 2020
(endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[105]
63 2,780,873
(7.77%)
0  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[106][107]
 
Michael Bloomberg
February 14, 1942
(age 78)
Boston, Massachusetts
Mayor of New York City, New York
(2002–2013)
CEO of Bloomberg L.P.
  New York November 24, 2019
Exploratory committee: November 21, 2019
March 4, 2020
(endorsed Biden)[108]
59 2,475,130
(6.92%)
1
(AS)
 
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[109][110]
 
Amy Klobuchar
May 25, 1960
(age 60)
Plymouth, Minnesota
U.S. senator from Minnesota
(2007–present)
  Minnesota February 10, 2019 March 2, 2020
(endorsed Biden)[111]
7 524,400
(1.47%)
0  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[112][111]
 
Pete Buttigieg
January 19, 1982
(age 38)
South Bend, Indiana
Mayor of South Bend, Indiana
(2012–2020)
  Indiana April 14, 2019
Exploratory committee: January 23, 2019
March 1, 2020
(endorsed Biden)[113]
21 912,214
(2.55%)
1
(IA)
 
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[114][115]
 
Tom Steyer
June 27, 1957
(age 63)
Manhattan, New York
Hedge fund manager
Founder of Farallon Capital and Beneficial State Bank
  California July 9, 2019 February 29, 2020
(endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[116]
0 258,848
(0.72%)
0  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[117][118]
 
Deval Patrick
July 31, 1956
(age 64)
Chicago, Illinois
Governor of Massachusetts
(2007–2015)
  Massachusetts November 14, 2019 February 12, 2020
(endorsed Biden)[119]
0 27,116
(0.08%)
0  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[120][121]
 
Michael Bennet
November 28, 1964
(age 55)
New Delhi, India
U.S. senator from Colorado
(2009–present)
  Colorado May 2, 2019 February 11, 2020
(endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[122]
0 62,260
(0.17%)
0  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[123][124]
 
Andrew Yang
January 13, 1975
(age 45)
Schenectady, New York
Entrepreneur
Founder of Venture for America
  New York November 6, 2017 February 11, 2020
(endorsed Biden)[125]
0 160,231
(0.45%)
0  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[126][127]

Other notable individuals who were not major candidates terminated their campaigns during the primaries:

Withdrew before the primaries

edit
Candidate Born Experience State Campaign
announced
Campaign
suspended
Popular vote Article Ref.
 
John Delaney
April 16, 1963
(age 57)
Wood-Ridge, New Jersey
U.S. representative from MD-06
(2013–2019)
  Maryland July 28, 2017 January 31, 2020
(endorsed Biden)[134]
19,342  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[135][136]
 
Cory Booker
April 27, 1969
(age 51)
Washington, D.C.
U.S. senator from New Jersey
(2013–present)
Mayor of Newark, New Jersey (2006–2013)
  New Jersey February 1, 2019 January 13, 2020
(ran successfully for reelection)[137]
(endorsed Biden)[138]
31,575  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[139][140]
 
Marianne Williamson
July 8, 1952
(age 68)
Houston, Texas
Author
Founder of Project Angel Food
Independent candidate for U.S. House from CA-33 in 2014
  California January 28, 2019
Exploratory committee:
November 15, 2018
January 10, 2020
(endorsed Sanders, then Biden as nominee)[141][142]
22,334  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[143][144]
 
Julián Castro
September 16, 1974
(age 45)
San Antonio, Texas
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
(2014–2017)
Mayor of San Antonio, Texas (2009–2014)
  Texas January 12, 2019
Exploratory committee: December 12, 2018
January 2, 2020
(endorsed Warren, then Biden as presumptive nominee)[145][146]
37,037  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[147][148]
 
Kamala Harris
October 20, 1964
(age 55)
Oakland, California
U.S. senator from California
(2017–2021)
Attorney General of California (2011–2017)
  California January 21, 2019 December 3, 2019
(endorsed Biden[149] who later chose Harris as his vice presidential running-mate)
844  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[150][151]
 
Steve Bullock
April 11, 1966
(age 54)
Missoula, Montana
Governor of Montana
(2013–2021)
Attorney General of Montana (2009–2013)
  Montana May 14, 2019 December 2, 2019
(ran for U.S. Senate; lost election, endorsed Biden as nominee)[152]
549  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[153][154]
 
Joe Sestak
December 12, 1951
(age 68)
Secane, Pennsylvania
U.S. representative from PA-07
(2007–2011)
Former Vice Admiral of the United States Navy
  Virginia June 23, 2019 December 1, 2019
(endorsed Klobuchar, then Biden as nominee)[155][156]
5,251 Campaign
FEC filing
[157][158]
 
Wayne Messam
June 7, 1974
(age 46)
South Bay, Florida
Mayor of Miramar, Florida
(2015–present)
  Florida March 28, 2019
Exploratory committee: March 13, 2019
November 19, 2019 0[ak]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[159][160]
 
Beto O'Rourke
September 26, 1972
(age 47)
El Paso, Texas
U.S. representative from TX-16
(2013–2019)
  Texas March 14, 2019 November 1, 2019
(endorsed Biden)[161]
1[ak][162]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[163][164]
 
Tim Ryan
July 16, 1973
(age 47)
Niles, Ohio
U.S. representative from OH-13
(2013–2023)
U.S. representative from OH-17 (2003–2013)
  Ohio April 4, 2019 October 24, 2019
(ran successfully for reelection)[165]
(endorsed Biden)
[166]
0[ak]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[167][168]
 
Bill de Blasio
May 8, 1961
(age 59)
Manhattan, New York
Mayor of New York City, New York (2014–2021)   New York May 16, 2019 September 20, 2019
(endorsed Sanders, then Biden as presumptive nominee)[169][170]
0[ak]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[171][172]
 
Kirsten Gillibrand
December 9, 1966
(age 53)
Albany, New York
U.S. senator from New York
(2009–present)
U.S. representative from NY-20 (2007–2009)
  New York March 17, 2019
Exploratory committee: January 15, 2019
August 28, 2019
(endorsed Biden)[173]
0[ak]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[174][175]
 
Seth Moulton
October 24, 1978
(age 41)
Salem, Massachusetts
U.S. representative from MA-06
(2015–present)
  Massachusetts April 22, 2019 August 23, 2019
(ran successfully for reelection)[176]
(endorsed Biden)[177]
0[ak]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[178][179]
 
Jay Inslee
February 9, 1951
(age 69)
Seattle, Washington
Governor of Washington
(2013–present)
U.S. representative from WA-01 (1999–2012)
U.S. representative from WA-04 (1993–1995)
  Washington March 1, 2019 August 21, 2019
(ran successfully for reelection)[180]
(endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)[181]
1[ak][182]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[183][184]
 
John Hickenlooper
February 7, 1952
(age 68)
Narberth, Pennsylvania
Governor of Colorado (2011–2019)
Mayor of Denver, Colorado (2003–2011)
  Colorado March 4, 2019 August 15, 2019
(ran successfully for U.S. Senate)[185]
(endorsed Bennet, then Biden as presumptive nominee)[186]
[187]
1[ak][182]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[188][189]
 
Mike Gravel
May 13, 1930
(aged 90)
Springfield, Massachusetts
U.S. senator from Alaska
(1969–1981)
Candidate for president in 2008
Candidate for Vice President in 1972
  California April 2, 2019
Exploratory committee: March 19, 2019
August 6, 2019
(co-endorsed Gabbard and Sanders)[190]
0[ak]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[191][190]
 
Eric Swalwell
November 16, 1980
(age 39)
Sac City, Iowa
U.S. representative from CA-15
(2013–2023)
  California April 8, 2019 July 8, 2019[192]
(ran successfully for reelection)
(endorsed Biden)[193][194]
0[ak]  
__________
Campaign
FEC filing
[195][196]
 
Richard Ojeda
September 25, 1970
(age 49)
Rochester, Minnesota
West Virginia state senator from WV-SD07
(2016–2019)
  West Virginia November 11, 2018 January 25, 2019
(ran for U.S. Senate; lost primary)[197]
(endorsed Biden)[198]
0[ak]

Campaign
FEC filing

[199][200]

Other notable individuals who were not major candidates terminated their campaigns before the primaries:

Political positions

edit

Debates and forums

edit

In December 2018, the Democratic National Committee (DNC) announced the schedule for 12 official DNC-sanctioned debates, set to begin in June 2019, with six debates in 2019 and the remaining six during the first four months of 2020. Candidates were allowed to participate in forums featuring multiple other candidates as long as only one candidate appeared on stage at a time. Any presidential candidates who participated in unsanctioned debates with each other would have lost their invitations to the next DNC-sanctioned debate.[209][210] No unsanctioned debates took place during the 2019—2020 debate season.

The DNC also announced that it would not partner with Fox News as a media sponsor for any debates.[211][212] Fox News last held a Democratic debate in 2003.[213] All media sponsors selected to host a debate were as a new rule required to appoint at least one female moderator for each debate, to ensure there would not be a gender-skewed treatment of the candidates and debate topics.[214]

Debate schedule
Debate Date Time
(ET)
Viewers Location Sponsor(s) Moderator(s)
1A June 26, 2019 9–11 p.m. ~24.3 million
(15.3m live TV; 9m streaming)[215]
Arsht Center,
Miami, Florida[216]
NBC News
MSNBC
Telemundo
José Díaz-Balart
Savannah Guthrie
Lester Holt
Rachel Maddow
Chuck Todd[217]
1B June 27, 2019 9–11 p.m. ~27.1 million
(18.1m live TV; 9m streaming)[218]
2A July 30, 2019 8–10:30 p.m. ~11.5 million
(8.7m live TV; 2.8m streaming)
Fox Theatre,
Detroit, Michigan[219]
CNN Dana Bash
Don Lemon
Jake Tapper[220]
2B July 31, 2019[221] 8–10:30 p.m. ~13.8 million
(10.7m live TV; 3.1m streaming)[222]
3 September 12, 2019 8–11 p.m. 14.04 million live TV[223] Health and Physical Education Arena,
Texas Southern University,
Houston, Texas[224]
ABC News
Univision
Linsey Davis
David Muir
Jorge Ramos
George Stephanopoulos[225]
4 October 15, 2019[226] 8–11 p.m. ~8.8 million
(8.34m live TV; 0.45m streaming)[227]
Rike Physical Education Center,
Otterbein University,
Westerville, Ohio
CNN
The New York Times[228]
Erin Burnett
Anderson Cooper
Marc Lacey[229]
5 November 20, 2019[230] 9–11 p.m. ~7.9 million
(6.6m live TV; 1.3m streaming)[231]
Oprah Winfrey sound stage,
Tyler Perry Studios,
Atlanta, Georgia[232]
MSNBC
The Washington Post
Rachel Maddow
Andrea Mitchell
Ashley Parker
Kristen Welker[233]
6 December 19, 2019 8–11 p.m.[234] ~14.6 million
(6.17m live TV; 8.4m streaming)[235]
Gersten Pavilion,
Loyola Marymount University,
Los Angeles, California[236]
PBS
Politico
Tim Alberta
Yamiche Alcindor
Amna Nawaz
Judy Woodruff[237]
7 January 14, 2020 9–11:15 p.m.[238] ~11.3 million
(7.3m live TV; 4.0m streaming)[239]
Sheslow Auditorium,
Drake University,
Des Moines, Iowa[240][241]
CNN
The Des Moines Register
Wolf Blitzer
Brianne Pfannenstiel
Abby Phillip[242]
8 February 7, 2020 8–10:30 p.m.[243] ~11.0 million
(7.8m live TV; 3.2m streaming)[244]
Thomas F. Sullivan Arena,
Saint Anselm College,
Manchester, New Hampshire[240][245]
ABC News
WMUR-TV
Apple News
Linsey Davis
Monica Hernandez
David Muir
Adam Sexton
George Stephanopoulos[243]
9 February 19, 2020 9–11 p.m.[246] ~33.16 million
(19.66m live TV; 13.5m streaming)[247][248][249]
Le Théâtre des Arts,
Paris Las Vegas,
Paradise, Nevada[246]
NBC News
MSNBC
Telemundo
The Nevada Independent
Vanessa Hauc
Lester Holt
Hallie Jackson
Jon Ralston
Chuck Todd[246]
10 February 25, 2020 8–10 p.m.[250] ~30.4 million
(15.3m live TV; 15.1m streaming)[251]
Gaillard Center,
Charleston, South Carolina[240]
CBS News
BET
Twitter
Congressional Black Caucus Institute[252]
Margaret Brennan
Major Garrett
Gayle King
Norah O'Donnell
Bill Whitaker[252]
11 March 15, 2020 8–10 p.m.[253] ~11.4 million
(10.8m live TV; 0.6m streaming)[254]
CNN studio
Washington, D.C.[255]
CNN
Univision
Congressional Hispanic Caucus BOLD
Dana Bash
Ilia Calderón
Jake Tapper[255]

Primary election polling

edit

The following graph depicts the standing of each candidate in the poll aggregators from January 2019 to August 2020.

 

Timeline

edit
Richard Ojeda 2020 presidential campaignEric Swalwell 2020 presidential campaignMike Gravel 2020 presidential campaignJohn Hickenlooper 2020 presidential campaignJay Inslee 2020 presidential campaignSeth Moulton 2020 presidential campaignKirsten Gillibrand 2020 presidential campaignBill de Blasio 2020 presidential campaignTim Ryan 2020 presidential campaignBeto O'Rourke 2020 presidential campaignWayne Messam 2020 presidential campaignJoe Sestak 2020 presidential campaignSteve Bullock 2020 presidential campaignKamala Harris 2020 presidential campaignJulián Castro 2020 presidential campaignMarianne Williamson 2020 presidential campaignCory Booker 2020 presidential campaignJohn Delaney 2020 presidential campaignAndrew Yang 2020 presidential campaignMichael Bennet 2020 presidential campaignDeval Patrick 2020 presidential campaignTom Steyer 2020 presidential campaignPete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaignAmy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaignMichael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaignElizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaignTulsi Gabbard 2020 presidential campaignBernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaignJoe Biden 2020 presidential campaign
Nominee
Exploratory
committee
Suspended
campaign
Midterm
elections
Iowa
caucuses
New Hampshire
primary
South Carolina
primary
Super
Tuesday
National emergency
declared due to
COVID-19
Wisconsin primary
Democratic
convention
Won
election

Ballot access

edit

Filing for the primaries began in October 2019.[256][257]   indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest,   indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and   indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest.   indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot.

Primaries and caucuses
State/
Territory
Date
Biden
Sanders
Gabbard
Warren
Bloomberg
Klobuchar
Buttigieg
Steyer
Patrick
Bennet
Yang
Other
Ref
IA[al] Feb 3 Ballot access not required [258]
NH Feb 11                        [A] [129][259]
NV[al] Feb 22                        [B] [260]
SC Feb 29                         [C] [261]
AL Mar 3                         [D] [262]
AR Mar 3                        [E] [263]
AS[al] Mar 3                         [264]
CA Mar 3                        [F] [265]
CO Mar 3                        [G] [266]
ME Mar 3                         [H] [267]
MA Mar 3                         [D] [268]
MN Mar 3                         [D] [269]
NC Mar 3                         [D] [270]
OK Mar 3                         [I] [271]
TN Mar 3                         [D] [272][273]
TX Mar 3                        [J] [274]
UT Mar 3                        [K] [275]
VT Mar 3                        [L] [276]
VA Mar 3                         [I] [277]
DA Mar 3
Mar 10
                        [278]
ID Mar 10                        [M] [279]
MI Mar 10                         [N] [280]
MS Mar 10                         [281]
MO Mar 10                        [O] [282]
ND[al] Mar 10                         [B] [283]
WA Mar 10                         [C] [284]
MP[al] Mar 14                         [285]
AZ Mar 17                        [P] [59]
FL Mar 17                         [N] [286]
IL Mar 17                         [C] [287]
WI Apr 7                         [B] [288]
AK Apr 10                         [289]
WY[al] Apr 17                         [290]
OH Apr 28                         [291]
KS May 2                         [292]
NE May 12                         [293]
OR May 19                         [294]
HI May 22                         [295][296]
DC Jun 2                         [297]
IN Jun 2                         [298]
MD Jun 2                         [I] [299]
MT Jun 2                         [300]
NM Jun 2                         [301]
PA Jun 2                         [302]
RI Jun 2                         [303]
SD Jun 2                         [304]
GU[al] Jun 6 Ballot access not required [305]
VI[al] Jun 6