1856 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1856.

InsectsEdit

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Osmylus picta^[2]	Sp. nov	Synonym	Hagen	Priabonian	Baltic amber	Europe	A protosmyline Osmylid lance lacewing Moved to "Protosmylus" picta (1913) moved to Osmylidia picta (2021)

VertebratesEdit

ConodontsEdit

Name	Status	Authors	Age
Acodus^[3]	valid	Heinz Christian Pander
Gnathodus^[3]	valid	Heinz Christian Pander	Early Carboniferous
Prioniodus^[3]	valid	Heinz Christian Pander

ArchosauromorphsEdit

Newly named phytosaursEdit

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Centemodon^[4]	Nomen dubium	Lea		Dubious genus of phytosaur.

Newly named pseudosuchiansEdit

Name	Status	Authors		Location	Notes	Images
Dakosaurus^[5]	Valid taxon.	Quenstedt		Germany	A metriorhynchid thalattosuchian belong to Geosaurinae.	Dakosaurus

Newly named dinosaursEdit

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Deinodon^[6]	Nomen dubium	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Judith River Formation	United States	Might be a subjective synonym of Gorgosaurus or Daspletosaurus.
Dinosaurus^[7]	Preoccupied.	Rütimeyer	Late Triassic (Rhaetian)	Knollenmergel	Switzerland	Preoccupied by a genus erected by Fischer von Waldheim in 1847. Renamed Gresslyosaurus
Gresslyosaurus^[8]	Disputed.	Rütimeyer	Late Triassic (Rhaetian)	Knollenmergel	Switzerland	Possible subjective synonym of Plateosaurus
Palaeoscincus^[6]	Nomen dubium	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Judith River Formation	United States	Possible subjective synonym of Edmontonia or Panoplosaurus.
Thespesius^[6]	Nomen dubium	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Great Lignite Formation (=Lance Formation)	United States	A dubious hadrosaurid.
Trachodon^[6]	Nomen dubium	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Judith River Formation	United States ( Montana)	A dubious hadrosaurid.
Troodon^[6]	Disputed.	Joseph Leidy	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Judith River Formation	United States Canada	A potentially dubious troodontid.

ReferencesEdit

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ Makarkin, V.N.; Archibald, S.B.; Mathewes, R.W. (2021). "New Protosmylinae (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) from the early Eocene of western North America, with taxonomic remarks". Zootaxa. 4980 (1): 142–156.
^ ^a ^b ^c Monographie der fossilen fische des silurischen systems des Russisch-baltischen gouvernements. CH Pander, 1856
^ Lea, I. 1856. Description of Centemodon sulcatus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 10: pp. 77-78.
^ Quenstedt, F. A. 1856. Sonst und Jetzt. Populäre Vorträge über Geologie. Tübingen: Laupp. [pp. 128, 130].
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Leidy, J. 1856. Notices of the remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F.V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856: pp. 72-72.
^ Rutimeyer. L. 1856. (Dinosaurus gresslyi). Biblio. Universelle Geneve Arch. September 1856: p. 53.
^ Rutimeyer. L. 1856. Reptilienknochen aus dem Keuper. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Ge samt. Naturwiss. Verh. 41: pp. 62-64.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Protosmylus2021-2] Makarkin, V.N.; Archibald, S.B.; Mathewes, R.W. (2021). "New Protosmylinae (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) from the early Eocene of western North America, with taxonomic remarks". Zootaxa. 4980 (1): 142–156.

[Pander1856-3] Monographie der fossilen fische des silurischen systems des Russisch-baltischen gouvernements. CH Pander, 1856

[4] Lea, I. 1856. Description of Centemodon sulcatus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 10: pp. 77-78.

[5] Quenstedt, F. A. 1856. Sonst und Jetzt. Populäre Vorträge über Geologie. Tübingen: Laupp. [pp. 128, 130].

[leidy1856-6] Leidy, J. 1856. Notices of the remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F.V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856: pp. 72-72.

[7] Rutimeyer. L. 1856. (Dinosaurus gresslyi). Biblio. Universelle Geneve Arch. September 1856: p. 53.

[8] Rutimeyer. L. 1856. Reptilienknochen aus dem Keuper. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Ge samt. Naturwiss. Verh. 41: pp. 62-64.

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