1824–25 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1824–25 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 7, 1824, and August 30, 1825. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 19th United States Congress convened on December 5, 1825. Elections were held for all 213 seats, representing 24 states.

1824–25 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1822 & 1823 July 7, 1824 – August 30, 1825 1826 & 1827 →

All 213 seats in the United States House of Representatives
107 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader John W. Taylor Andrew Stevenson
Party Anti-Jacksonian Jacksonian
Leader's seat New York 17th Virginia 9th
Last election 87 seats[a] 71 seats[c]
Seats won 109[1] 104[1]
Seat change Increase 22[b] Increase 33[b]

Results:

     Anti-Jacksonian hold      Anti-Jacksonian gain
     Jacksonian hold      Jacksonian gain

     Undistricted territory or split plural districts

Speaker before election

Henry Clay
Democratic-Republican

Elected Speaker

John W. Taylor
Anti-Jacksonian

They coincided with the contentious 1824 presidential election. After no presidential candidate won an electoral majority, in February 1825 the House of the outgoing 18th Congress chose the President, John Quincy Adams, in a contingent election.[2]

The approach of the 1824 presidential election ended the virtually nonpartisan Era of Good Feelings and motivated major realignment. The weak Federalist Party collapsed and the Democratic-Republican Party abruptly, catastrophically split.

Though Andrew Jackson lost the contingent election, public attitudes toward the charismatic, famous Jackson mainly determined the new alignment. Partisans of Jackson often were called Jacksonians, by 1828 adopting the Democratic Party label. Opponents of Jackson often were called Anti-Jacksonians, coalescing under the leadership of newly elected President John Quincy Adams and soon forming the National Republican Party.[2]

Though both parties were new, and were not continuations of old parties, Jacksonians were more similar to the former Democratic-Republicans, while National Republicans were more similar to the former Federalists and also were political ancestors to the future Whig Party. Leadership of the National Republicans in opposition to Jackson later would transition to Henry Clay, whose support of Adams determined the contingent election.

Election summaries

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Representatives regrouped into Jackson supporters and Adams supporters (comprising the Adams-Clay faction in the contingent election), while supporters of William Crawford, whose ill health and retirement had indirectly helped trigger the realignment, divided between the two factions with 33 going to the Adams-Clay faction and 22 going to the Jackson faction.

109 104
Anti-Jacksonian Jacksonian
State Date ↑ Type Total
seats
Anti-Jacksonian Jacksonian
Seats Change Seats Change
Louisiana July 7–9, 1824 Districts 3 2   1  
Illinois August 2, 1824 At-large 1 1   0  
Indiana August 2, 1824 Districts 3 2  2 1  2
Kentucky August 2, 1824 Districts 12 7  1 5  1
Missouri August 2, 1824 At-large 1 1   0  
Mississippi August 2–3, 1824 At-large 1 0   1  
Vermont September 7, 1824[d] District 5 4  1 1  1
Maine September 13, 1824[e] Districts 7 6  1 1  1
Georgia October 4, 1824 At-large 7 0   7  7
Maryland October 4, 1824 Districts 9 7  2 2  1
Delaware October 5, 1824 At-large 1 0   1  1
South Carolina October 11–12, 1824 Districts 9 0   9  
Ohio October 12, 1824 Districts 14 12  2 2  
Pennsylvania October 12, 1824 Districts 26 4  3 22  3
Massachusetts November 1, 1824[f] Districts 13 12   1  
New Hampshire November 1, 1824[g] At-large 6 5  1 1  1
New Jersey November 2, 1824 At-large 6 3  2 3  2
New York November 1–3, 1824 Districts 34 26  8 8  6
Late elections (after the March 4, 1825, beginning of the term)
Connecticut April 4, 1825 At-large 6 6   0  
Virginia April 1825 Districts 22 7  6 15  14
Alabama August 1–3, 1825 Districts 3 0   3  
Tennessee August 4–5, 1825 Districts 9 0   9  
North Carolina August 11, 1825 Districts 13 2  1 11  9
Rhode Island August 30, 1825[h] At-large 2 2   0  
Total 213 109
51.2%
 22 104
48.8%
 33
House seats
Anti-Jacksonian
51.17%
Jacksonian
48.83%

Special elections

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There were special elections in 1824 and 1825 to the 18th United States Congress and 19th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

18th Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Indiana 1 William Prince Democratic-
Republican
1822 Incumbent died September 8, 1824.
New member elected in 1824 and seated December 23, 1824.[3]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner not elected to the next term; see below.
Vermont at-large Charles Rich Democratic-
Republican
1812
1814 (lost)
1816
Incumbent died October 15, 1824, having already either retired or lost re-election.
New member elected in 1824 and seated December 13, 1824.[3]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was not a candidate to the next term; see below.
Virginia 13 William Lee Ball Democratic-
Republican
1817 Incumbent died February 29, 1824.
New member elected in 1824 and seated April 8, 1824.[3]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below.
Pennsylvania 8 Thomas J. Rogers Democratic-
Republican
1818 (special) Incumbent resigned April 20, 1824.
New member elected October 12, 1824 and seated December 23, 1824.[3]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Pennsylvania 13 John Tod Democratic-
Republican
1820 Incumbent resigned sometime in 1824.
New member elected October 12, 1824 and seated December 6, 1824.[3]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Massachusetts 10 Vacant John Bailey (D-R) declared not entitled to seat in previous election.
Bailey was re-elected November 29, 1824 and seated December 13, 1824.[3]
Democratic-Republican gain.
Winner later elected to the next term; see below.
First ballot (August 30, 1824)
  • John Bailey (Adams-Clay D-R) 47.3%
  • Sher Leland (Democratic-Republican) 30.8%
  • Scattering 21.9%
Second ballot (November 1, 1824)
  • John Bailey (Adams-Clay D-R) 42.1%
  • Richard Sullivan (Federalist) 25.5%
  • Samuel Bugbee (Unknown) 24.4%
  • Scattering 8.1%
Third ballot (November 29, 1824)
  •  Y John Bailey (Adams-Clay D-R) 50.1%
  • Rufus G. Amory (Unknown) 31.3%
  • Samuel Bugbee (Unknown) 14.2%
  • Scattering 4.4%
Georgia at-large Thomas W. Cobb Democratic-
Republican
1816
1820 (retired)
1822
Incumbent resigned December 6, 1824, when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected in 1824 and seated February 7, 1825.[3]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
  •  Y Richard H. Wilde (Crawford D-R) 61.2%
  • William C. Lyman (Democratic-Republican) 38.8%
North Carolina 2 Hutchins G. Burton Democratic-
Republican
1819 Incumbent resigned March 23, 1824, when elected Governor of North Carolina.
New member elected January 6, 1825 and seated January 19, 1825.[3]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner later elected to the next term; see below.

19th Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Hampshire at-large Vacant Representative-elect James Miller declined to serve.
New member elected March 8, 1825 and seated December 5, 1825 with the rest of the Congress.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
South Carolina 1 Joel R. Poinsett Jacksonian 1820 Incumbent resigned March 7, 1825, when appointed U.S. Minister to Mexico.
New member elected May 17, 1825 and seated December 5, 1825.[4]
Jacksonian hold.
Kentucky 3 Henry Clay Anti-Jacksonian 1810
1814 (resigned)
1814
1815 (seat declared vacant)
1815 (special)
1820 (retired)
1822
Incumbent resigned March 6, 1825, when appointed U.S. Secretary of State.
New member elected August 1, 1825 and seated December 5, 1825.[4]
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Pennsylvania 16 James Allison Jr. Jacksonian 1822 Incumbent resigned August 26, 1825, before Congress met.
New member elected in 1825 and seated December 5, 1825.[4]
Jacksonian hold.

Alabama

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Alabama elected its members August 1–3, 1825, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Alabama 1
"Northern district"
Gabriel Moore Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Alabama 2
"Middle district"
John McKee Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y John McKee (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 40.9%
  • R. E. B. Baylor (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 39.2%
  • John D. Terrill (Unknown) 19.9%
Alabama 3
"Southern district"
George W. Owen Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.

Arkansas Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

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Connecticut elected its members April 4, 1825, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Connecticut at-large
6 seats on a general ticket
Gideon Tomlinson Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1818 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Gideon Tomlinson (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 15.8%
  •  Y Elisha Phelps (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 14.9%
  •  Y Ralph I. Ingersoll (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 13.9%
  •  Y Orange Merwin (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 13.9%
  •  Y Noyes Barber (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 11.1%
  •  Y John Baldwin (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 9.2%
  • Daniel Burrows (Democratic-Republican) 4.5%
  • Elisha Tracy (Democratic-Republican) 3.8%
  • Timothy Pitkin (Federalist) 3.3%
  • Calvin Willey (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 2.3%
  • Samuel A. Foot (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 1.4%
  • Dennis Kimberly (Unknown) 1.0%
  • Asa Barron (Federalist) 1.0%
  • George Learnid (Unknown) 1.0%
Others
    • Samuel Church (Unknown) 0.8%
    • Robert Fairchild (Unknown) 0.6%
    • Roger Sherman (Unknown) 0.5%
    • Lyman Law (Federalist) 0.4%
    • Calvin Goddard (Federalist) 0.4%
    • Thomas Williams (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 0.4%[5]
Ansel Sterling Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Samuel A. Foote Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Lemuel Whitman Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Noyes Barber Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Ebenezer Stoddard Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.

Delaware

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Delaware elected its member October 5, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large Louis McLane Crawford Federalist 1816 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y Louis McLane (Crawford Federalist; Jacksonian) 51.7%
  • Arnold Naudain (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 48.3%
  • Unidentified Scattering 0.1%

Florida Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Georgia

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Georgia elected its members October 4, 1824. There were only 7 candidates who ran statewide in 1824. There were several other candidates who received votes in a small number of states, but vote totals were only available for the seven winning candidates. The minor candidates only received a few hundred votes each.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia at-large
7 seats on a general ticket
Joel Abbot Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1816 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y Wiley Thompson (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 15.1%
  •  Y John Forsyth (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 14.6%
  •  Y Edward F. Tattnall (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 14.4%
  •  Y Alfred Cuthbert (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 14.2%
  •  Y George Cary (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 13.8%
  •  Y James Meriwether (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 13.4%
  •  Y Charles E. Haynes (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 12.7%
  • Longstreet[i] (Unknown) 0.8%
  • Duncan G. Campbell (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 0.4%
  • Samuel Rockwell (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 0.3%
  • Charles J. MacDonald (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 0.3%
  • Thomas W. Cobb (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) <0.01%
  • Joel Abbot (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) <0.01%[6]
Alfred Cuthbert Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
George Cary Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Edward F. Tattnall Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
John Forsyth Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Wiley Thompson Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Thomas W. Cobb Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian gain.

Illinois

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Illinois elected its member August 2, 1824.

In 1824 a proposal was made to hold a convention to make Illinois a slave state. The Pro-Slavery Party was led by former Governor Bond and others, while the Anti-Slavery Party was led by Governor Coles and others. The election took place on August 2, resulting in Illinois voting against the convention and electing the anti-slavery candidate, Daniel P. Cook. Despite the failure of the plan to officially make Illinois a slave state, the state effectively continued the practice through laws that classified Black individuals as "indentured servants," which in practice made them slaves.[7]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Illinois at-large Daniel P. Cook Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1819 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.

Indiana

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Indiana elected its members August 2, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Indiana 1 Jacob Call Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1824 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian hold.
Incumbent then died September 8, 1824, leading to a special election to finish the term.
Indiana 2 Jonathan Jennings Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Jonathan Jennings (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 53.2%
  • Jeremiah Sullivan (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 46.8%
Indiana 3 John Test Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y John Test (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 44.5%
  • James Brown Ray (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 37.1%
  • Daniel J. Caswell (Democratic-Republican) 18.4%

Kentucky

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Kentucky elected its members August 2, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1 David Trimble Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1816 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Kentucky 2 Thomas Metcalfe Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1818 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Thomas Metcalfe (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 82.3%
  • Walker Reed (Unknown) 13.2%
  • William Worthington (Unknown) 4.5%[8]
Kentucky 3 Henry Clay Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1810
1814 (resigned)
1814
1815 (seat declared vacant)
1815 (special)
1820 (retired)
1822
Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Incumbent later resigned to become U.S. Secretary of State and was replaced in a special election.
  •  Y Henry Clay (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 100%
  • Uncontested
Kentucky 4 Robert P. Letcher Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Kentucky 5 John T. Johnson Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian hold.
Kentucky 6 David White Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian gain.
Kentucky 7 Thomas P. Moore Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Kentucky 8 Richard A. Buckner Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Kentucky 9 Charles A. Wickliffe Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Charles A. Wickliffe (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 58.5%
  • Burr Harrison (Unknown) 28.7%
  • Norborne B. Beall (Unknown) 12.8%
Kentucky 10 Francis Johnson Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Francis Johnson (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 70.1%
  • Robert F. Slaughter (Unknown) 29.9%
Kentucky 11 Philip Thompson Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Kentucky 12 Robert P. Henry Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.

Louisiana

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Louisiana elected its members July 7–9, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Louisiana 1 Edward Livingston Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Louisiana 2 Henry H. Gurley Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Louisiana 3 William L. Brent Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.

Maine

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Maine elected its members September 13, 1824. Maine law required a majority vote for election, n Maine law required a majority vote for electionecessitating additional ballots in the 3rd and 4th districts on January 3, 1825, April 4, 1825, and September 12, 1825.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maine 1 William Burleigh Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y William Burleigh (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 67.6%
  • Rufus MacIntire (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 22.0%
  • John MacDonald (Democratic-Republican) 8.2%
  • Isaac Lane (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 0.8%
  • Jeremiah Goodwin (Unknown) 0.8%
  • Scattering 0.5%[16]
Maine 2 Stephen Longfellow Adams-Clay Federalist 1823 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y John Anderson (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 55.4%
  • Stephen Longfellow (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 43.8%
  • James Irish (Democratic-Republican) 0.2%
  • Phinchas Varnum (Unknown) 0.2%
  • Scattering 0.5%[17]
Maine 3 Ebenezer Herrick Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
First ballot (September 13, 1824)
  • Ebenezer Herrick (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 46.2%
  • Albert Smith (Unknown) 35.8%
  • Ebenezer Thatcher (Unknown) 14.3%
  • James MacLellan (Unknown) 0.9%
  • Jeremiah Bailey (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 0.6%
  • Stephen Parsons (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 0.4%
  • Ebenezer Delano (Unknown) 0.4%
  • William King (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 0.3%
Second ballot (January 3, 1825)
  • Ebenezer Herrick (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 44.4%
  • Albert Smith (Unknown) 27.2%
  • Ebenezer Thatcher (Unknown) 24.3%
  • Elisha J. Ford (Unknown) 1.8%
  • Moses Carlton (Democratic-Republican) 1.2%
  • Scattering 1.1%
Third ballot (April 4, 1825)
  • Ebenezer Herrick (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 49.6%
  • Albert Smith (Unknown) 31.7%
  • Ebenezer Thatcher (Unknown) 15.1%
  • Daniel Rose (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 2.0%
  • Edwin Smith (Unknown) 0.5%
  • Moses Carlton (Democratic-Republican) 0.3%
  • Scattering 0.8%
Fourth ballot (September 12, 1825)
Maine 4 Joshua Cushman Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1818[k] Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
First ballot (September 13, 1824)
  • Thomas Fillebrown (Unknown) 27.7%
  • Peleg Sprague (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 23.6%
  • Joshua Cushman (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 19.0%
  • Robert C. Vose (Unknown) 9.5%
  • Sanford Kingsbury (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 6.5%
  • Rufus Burnham (Democratic-Republican) 4.0%
  • Ebenezer T. Warren (Unknown) 2.7%
  • John Comings (Unknown) 1.2%
  • Thomas Bond (Democratic-Republican) 1.1%
  • Timothy Boutelle (Federalist) 0.8%
  • Scattering 4%
Second ballot (January 3, 1825)
  • No data available for 2nd ballot
Third ballot (April 4, 1825)
  •  Y Peleg Sprague (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 65.9%
  • Robert C. Vose (Unknown) 15.0%
  • Thomas Fillebrown (Unknown) 13.6%
  • Joshua Cushman (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 2.1%
  • Timothy Boutelle (Federalist) 2.1%
  • Sanford Kingsbury (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 1.0%
  • Scattering 0.3%[19]
Maine 5 Enoch Lincoln Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1818 (special)[l] Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Enoch Lincoln (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian)
  • Uncontested
Maine 6 Jeremiah O'Brien Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Jeremiah O'Brien (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 78.7%
  • Ebenezer Poor (Democratic-Republican) 21.3%
Maine 7 David Kidder Adams-Clay
Federalist
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.

Maryland

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Maryland elected its members October 4, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 Raphael Neale Adams-Clay Federalist 1818 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Maryland 2 Joseph Kent Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1810
1814 (lost)
1818
Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Maryland 3 Henry R. Warfield Adams-Clay Federalist 1820 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y George Peter (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 37.5%
  • George C. Washington (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 33.9%
  • Henry R. Warfield (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 28.7%
Maryland 4 John Lee Jackson Federalist 1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Maryland 5
Plural district with 2 seats
Isaac McKim Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Peter Little Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1810
1812 (lost)
1816
Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Maryland 6 George E. Mitchell Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y George E. Mitchell (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 53.9%
  • Phillip Reed (Federalist) 45.9%
Maryland 7 William Hayward Jr. Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y John Leeds Kerr (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 50.3%
  • Thomas Emory (Democratic-Republican) 49.7%
Maryland 8 John S. Spence Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.

Massachusetts

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Massachusetts elected its members November 1, 1824. Massachusetts had a majority requirement for election, which necessitated additional elections held January 3, 1825, April 1, 1825, and August 1, 1825.

District numbers vary between sources.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1
"Suffolk district"
Daniel Webster Adams-Clay Federalist 1812[m]
1816 (retired)
1822
Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Massachusetts 2
"Essex South district"
Benjamin W. Crowninshield Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Benjamin W. Crowninshield (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 58.1%
  • Frederick Howed (Federalist) 32.0%
  • Scattering 9.9%
Massachusetts 3
"Essex North district"
Jeremiah Nelson Adams-Clay Federalist 1804
1806 (retired)
1814
Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
First ballot (November 1, 1824)
  • John Varnum (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 49.3%
  • John Merrill (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 48.3%
  • Scattering 2.5%
Second ballot (January 3, 1825)
  •  Y John Varnum (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 50.2%
  • John Merrill (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 48.0%
  • Moses Wingate (Democratic-Republican) 1.0%
  • Other 0.8%[21]
Massachusetts 4
"Middlesex district"
Timothy Fuller Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1816 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
  •  Y Edward Everett (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 56.7%
  • John Keyes (Democratic-Republican) 40.4%
Massachusetts 5
"Hampden district"
Samuel Lathrop Adams-Clay
Federalist
1819 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
First ballot (November 1, 1824)
  • Samuel Lathrop (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 48.8%
  • John Mills (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 36.3%
  • Isaac C. Bates (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 11.3%
  • Thomas Shepherd (Democratic-Republican) 3.6%
Second ballot (January 3, 1825)
  •  Y Samuel Lathrop (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 62.2%
  • John Mills (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 37.8%
Third ballot (April 1, 1825)[n]
  •  Y Samuel Lathrop (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 60.9%
  • John Mills (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 39.1%[22]
Massachusetts 6
"Franklin district"
Samuel C. Allen Adams-Clay
Federalist
1816 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
First ballot (November 1, 1824)
  • George Grennell Jr. (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 46.2%
  • Samuel C. Allen (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 44.1%
  • Eleazer James (Democratic-Republican) 7.6%
  • Scattering 2.1%
Second ballot (January 3, 1825)
Massachusetts 7
"Berkshire district"
Henry W. Dwight Adams-Clay
Federalist
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Massachusetts 8
"Worcester South district"
Jonas Sibley Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
First ballot (November 1, 1824)
  • John Davis (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 43.4%
  • Jonas Sibley (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 31.1%
  • Sumner Barstow (Democratic-Republican) 18.7%
  • Bezaleel Taft (Federalist) 6.1%
  • Scattering 0.7%
Second ballot (January 3, 1825)
  • John Davis (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 47.8%
  • Jonas Sibley (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 46.8%
  • Sumner Barstow (Democratic-Republican) 5.4%
Third ballot (April 1, 1825)
  • John Davis (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 49.8%
  • Jonas Sibley (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 43.6%
  • Sumner Barstow (Democratic-Republican) 6.6%
Fourth ballot (August 1, 1825)
  •  Y John Davis (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 51.3%
  • Jonas Sibley (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 48.3%
Massachusetts 9
"Worcester North"
John Locke Adams-Clay
Federalist
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Massachusetts 10
"Norfolk district"
John Bailey Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1823 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
First ballot (November 1, 1824)
  • John Bailey (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 43.0%
  • Richard Sullivan (Federalist) 26.4%
  • Samuel Bugbee (Unknown) 22.4%
  • Sher Leland (Democratic-Republican) 3.5%
  • Ebenezer Seaver (Jacksonian) 3.0%
  • Scattering 1.7%
Third ballot (November 29, 1824)
  •  Y John Bailey (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 50.1%
  • Rufus G. Amory (Unknown) 31.3%
  • Samuel Bugbee (Unknown) 14.2%
  • Scattering 4.4%[23]
Massachusetts 11
"Plymouth district"
Aaron Hobart Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Aaron Hobart (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 73.4%
  • Ebenezer Gay (Democratic-Republican) 14.6%
  • William Baylies (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 12.0%
Massachusetts 12
"Bristol district"
Francis Baylies Jackson
Federalist
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
First ballot (November 1, 1824)
Second ballot (January 3, 1825)
Massachusetts 13
"Barnstable district"
John Reed Jr. Adams-Clay
Federalist
1812
1816 (lost)
1820
Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.

Michigan Territory

edit

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Mississippi

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Mississippi elected its member August 2–3, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi at-large Christopher Rankin Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1819 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.

Missouri

edit

Missouri elected its member August 2, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Missouri at-large John Scott Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y John Scott (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 47.0%
  • George F. Strother (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 42.4%
  • Robert Wash (Unknown) 10.5%

New Hampshire

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New Hampshire elected its members between November 1, 1824, and March 8, 1825. New Hampshire law required candidates to receive votes from a majority of voters for election. As only five candidates received votes from a majority of voters, a run-off election had to be held for the sixth seat on March 8, 1825.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Hampshire at-large
6 seats on a general ticket
Ichabod Bartlett Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian. First ballot (November 1, 1824)
  •  Y Ichabod Bartlett (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 17.0%
  •  Y Jonathan Harvey (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 12.7%
  •  Y James Miller (Democratic-Republican) 10.2%
  •  Y Nehemiah Eastman (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 10.0%
  •  Y Thomas Whipple Jr. (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 9.0%
  •  Y Ezekiel Webster (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 8.7%
  •  Y Joseph Healy (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 8.0%
  • Phinehas Handerson (Adams) 7.8%
  • Titus Brown (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 7.7%
  • Daniel C. Atkinson (Independent) 6.9%
  • Estwicke Evans (Independent) 1.0%
  • Others 1.2%
Second ballot (March 8, 1825)
  •  Y Titus Brown (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 100%
Second ballot (March 8, 1825)
  •  Y Joseph Healy (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 56.7%
  • Ezekiel Webster (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 43.3%[24]
Arthur Livermore Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1816
1820 (lost)
1822
Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
Matthew Harvey Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Winner (Miller) declined to serve, leading to a special election.
Aaron Matson Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Thomas Whipple Jr. Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
William Plumer Jr. Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1818 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.

New Jersey

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New Jersey elected its members November 2, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Jersey at-large
6 seats on a general ticket
Lewis Condict Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
George Holcombe Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
George Cassedy Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Daniel Garrison Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Samuel Swan Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
James Matlack Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.

New York

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New York elected its members November 1–3, 1824.

During this time in New York politics, two factions of the Democratic-Republicans existed: the Bucktails, opponents of Governor DeWitt Clinton, and the Clintonians, supporters of Clinton. The Bucktails were led by Martin Van Buren, who supported Crawford in the 1824 presidential election, though many members were not united in this support. In the contingency election, Van Buren was outmaneuvered by Clay and Adams, and the political machine he had worked to build broke down. Following Crawford's severe stroke in 1823, many within the Bucktails gave up on Crawford, and Van Buren restored unity within the Bucktail faction, shifting his support to Jackson.[25]

Data source only states each candidate's political faction. For party affiliation the US House history, arts, and archive is used.[26]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New York 1 Silas Wood Clintonian
Federalist
1818 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
New York 2 Jacob Tyson Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
New York 3
Plural district with 3 seats
Churchill C. Cambreleng Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Peter Sharpe Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
John J. Morgan Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian hold.
New York 4 Joel Frost Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y Aaron Ward (Clintonian; Anti-Jacksonian) 38.9%
  • Jonathan Ward (Independent) 31.8%
  • John Hunter (Bucktail) 29.1%
New York 5 William W. Van Wyck Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
New York 6 Hector Craig Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian hold.
New York 7 Lemuel Jenkins Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
New York 8 James Strong Clintonian Federalist 1818
1821 (retired)
1822
Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
New York 9 James L. Hogeboom Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y William McManus (Clintonian; Anti-Jacksonian) 56.6%
  • George R. Davis (Bucktail) 43.5%
New York 10 Stephen Van Rensselaer Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1822 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
New York 11 Charles A. Foote Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y Henry Ashley (Bucktail; Jacksonian) 57.4%
  • William V. B. Heermance (Clintonian) 41.5%
  • Amos Hamlin (Independent) 1.1%
New York 12 Lewis Eaton Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y William Dietz (Bucktail; Jacksonian) 56.2%
  • Constant Brown (Clintonian) 42.5%
New York 13 Isaac Williams Jr. Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1812
1814 (retired)
1816
1818 (retired)
1822
Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
  •  Y William G. Angel (Bucktail; Anti-Jacksonian) 58.8%
  • William Campbell (Clintonian) 41.0%
New York 14 Henry R. Storrs Clintonian Federalist 1816
1821 (retired)
1822
Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Henry R. Storrs (Clintonian; Anti-Jacksonian) 56.9%
  • James Lynch (Bucktail) 42.5%
New York 15 John Herkimer Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1816
1818 (retired)
1822
Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
New York 16 John W. Cady Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
  •  Y Henry Markell (Clintonian; Anti-Jacksonian) 54.8%
  • William Dodge (Bucktail) 45.1%
New York 17 John W. Taylor Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1812 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
New York 18 Henry C. Martindale Clintonian Federalist 1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
New York 19 John Richards Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y Henry H. Ross (Clintonian; Anti-Jacksonian) 52.0%
  • William Hogan (Bucktail) 47.5%
New York 20
Plural district with 2 seats
Ela Collins Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Egbert Ten Eyck Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Election successfully contested.[o]
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
New York 21 Lot Clark Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
New York 22 Justin Dwinell Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y John Miller (Clintonian; Anti-Jacksonian) 54.3%
  • John Lynde (Bucktail) 45.7%
New York 23 Elisha Litchfield Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
New York 24 Rowland Day Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
New York 25 Samuel Lawrence Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
New York 26
Plural district with 2 seats
Dudley Marvin Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Robert S. Rose Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
New York 27 Moses Hayden Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
New York 28 William Woods Bucktail
Democratic-Republican
1823 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
New York 29 Parmenio Adams Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
New York 30 Albert H. Tracy Clintonian
Democratic-Republican
1818 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
  •  Y Daniel Garnsey (Bucktail; Anti-Jacksonian) 35.3%
  • William Hotchkiss (Clintonian) 33.0%
  • John G. Camp (Bucktail) 31.4%

North Carolina

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North Carolina elected its members August 11, 1825, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

This election saw the brief rise of two regional factions within the Democratic-Republican Party: the Caucus and Anti-Caucus factions. The Anti-Caucus faction was opposed the existing nomination process, which included closed meetings, conventions, and caucuses, and ran candidates against incumbents who had been nominated by such systems.[28]

Data source only states each candidate's political faction. For party affiliation the US House history, arts, and archive is used.[26]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1 Alfred M. Gatlin Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina 2 George Outlaw Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1825 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina 3 Thomas H. Hall Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1817 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina 4 Richard D. Spaight Jr. Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina 5 Charles Hooks Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1816 (special)
1817 (lost)
1819
Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina 6 Weldon N. Edwards Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1816 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina 7 John Culpepper Adams-Clay Federalist 1806
1808 (contest)
1808 (special)
1813
1816 (lost)
1819
1821 (lost)
1823
Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina 8 Willie P. Mangum Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina 9 Romulus M. Saunders Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina 10 John Long Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y John Long (Caucus; Anti-Jacksonian) 52.9%
  • John Giles (Anti-Caucus) 47.1%
North Carolina 11 Henry W. Connor Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Henry W. Connor (Anti-Caucus; Jacksonian) 90.2%
  • Thomas T. Hunt (Adams-Clay; Anti-Jacksonian) 8.4%
North Carolina 12 Robert B. Vance Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian hold.
North Carolina 13 Lewis Williams Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1815 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.

Ohio

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Ohio elected its members October 12, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Ohio 1 James W. Gazlay Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian hold.
  •  Y James Findlay (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 37.2%
  • James W. Gazlay (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 36.6%
  • David Morris (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 20.0%
  • Benjamin Piatt (Unknown) 6.1%
Ohio 2 Thomas R. Ross Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1818 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Ohio 3 William McLean Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y William McLean (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 80.1%
  • James Riley (Unknown) 19.9%
Ohio 4 Joseph Vance Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Ohio 5 John W. Campbell Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1816 Incumbent switched factions and re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Ohio 6 Duncan McArthur Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1812
1813 (resigned)
1822
Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
Ohio 7 Samuel F. Vinton Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Ohio 8 William Wilson Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent switched factions and re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y William Wilson (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 62.3%
  • Orris Parish (Democratic-Republican) 37.7%
Ohio 9 Philemon Beecher Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1816
1820 (lost)
1822
Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Ohio 10 John Patterson Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
Ohio 11 John C. Wright Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y John C. Wright (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 62.8%
  • Walter B. Bebee (Unknown) 37.1%
Ohio 12 John Sloane Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1818 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y John Sloane (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 57.8%
  • Joseph Richardson (Unknown) 42.2%
Ohio 13 Elisha Whittlesey Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Elisha Whittlesey (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 68.2%
  • Eli Baldwin (Democratic-Republican) 30.5%
  • Scattering 1.3%
Ohio 14 Mordecai Bartley Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.

Pennsylvania

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Pennsylvania elected its members October 12, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[31]
Pennsylvania 1 Samuel Breck Adams-Clay Federalist 1822 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian gain.
Pennsylvania 2 Joseph Hemphill Jackson Federalist 1800
1802 (lost)
1818
Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Pennsylvania 3 Daniel H. Miller Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Daniel H. Miller (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 55.8%
  • Stephen Duncan (Federalist) 30.4%
  • Jacob Shearer (Democratic-Republican) 13.8%
Pennsylvania 4
Plural district with 3 seats
James Buchanan Jackson Federalist 1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Samuel Edwards Jackson Federalist 1818 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Isaac Wayne Jackson Federalist 1822 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Pennsylvania 5 Philip S. Markley Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent switched factions and re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Pennsylvania 6 Robert Harris Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Robert Harris (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 62.7%
  • Christian Gleim (Federalist) 37.3%
Pennsylvania 7
Plural district with 2 seats
Daniel Udree Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1813 (special)
1822 (special)
Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian hold.
  •  Y William Addams (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 32.7%
  •  Y Henry Wilson (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 32.1%
  • George Keck (Federalist) 18.0%
  • Daniel Rose (Federalist) 17.3%
Henry Wilson Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Pennsylvania 8
Plural district with 2 seats
Samuel D. Ingham Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1812
1818 (resigned)
1822 (special)
Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Thomas Jones Rogers Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1818 (special) Incumbent resigned April 20, 1824.
Jacksonian hold.
Winner also elected to the next term.
Pennsylvania 9
Plural district with 3 seats
Samuel McKean Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
George Kremer Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
William Cox Ellis Jackson Federalist 1820
1821 (resigned)
1822
Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.
New member elected.
Pennsylvania 10 James S. Mitchell Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Pennsylvania 11
Plural district with 2 seats
James Wilson Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent switched factions and re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y James Wilson (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 48.2%
  •  Y John Findlay (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 46.2%
  • Scattering 5.6%
John Findlay Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1821 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Pennsylvania 12 John Brown Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian hold.
Pennsylvania 13 John Tod Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent resigned sometime in 1824.
Jacksonian hold.
Successor also elected the same day to the next term.
Pennsylvania 14 Andrew Stewart Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Pennsylvania 15 Thomas Patterson Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1816 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Pennsylvania 16
Plural district with 2 seats
James Allison Jr. Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Walter Forward Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian hold.
Pennsylvania 17 George Plumer Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y George Plumer (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 58.3%
  • Jonathan H. Wise (Federalist) 41.7%
Pennsylvania 18 Patrick Farrelly Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Patrick Farrelly (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 80.5%
  • Samuel Williamson (Independent D-R) 19.5%

Rhode Island

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Rhode Island elected its members August 30, 1825, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. Rhode Island law required a candidate receive votes from a majority of voters for election, as only one candidate received a majority in this election, a Rhode Island law required a candidate receive votes from a majority of voters for election, as only one candidate received a majority in this electionsecond election was held for the remaining seat.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Rhode Island at-large
2 seats on a general ticket
Samuel Eddy Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1818 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonianhold.
First ballot (August 30, 1825)
Second ballot (November 25, 1825)
Job Durfee Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.

South Carolina

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South Carolina elected its members October 11–12, 1824.

District numbers vary between sources.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Joel R. Poinsett Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Joel R. Poinsett (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 58.2%
  • Samuel Warren (Federalist) 41.8%
South Carolina 2 James Hamilton Jr. Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
South Carolina 3 Robert B. Campbell Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian hold.
South Carolina 4 Andrew R. Govan Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
South Carolina 5 George McDuffie Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
South Carolina 6 John Wilson Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
South Carolina 7 Joseph Gist Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1820 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Joseph Gist (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 56.9%
  • James McCreary (Democratic-Republican) 28.8%
  • Fracis W. Davie (Jacksonian) 14.4%
South Carolina 8 John Carter Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1822 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y John Carter (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 46.2%
  • James G. Spann (Democratic-Republican) 27.9%
  • Chapman Levy (Independent) 25.9%
South Carolina 9 Starling Tucker Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1816 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.

Tennessee

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Tennessee elected its members August 4–5, 1825, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 John Blair Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y John Blair (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 51.9%
  • John Tipton (Unknown) 48.1%
Tennessee 2 John Cocke Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1819 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Tennessee 3 James I. Standifer Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian hold.
Tennessee 4 Jacob C. Isacks Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Tennessee 5 Robert Allen Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1819 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Tennessee 6 James T. Sandford Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian hold.
  •  Y James K. Polk (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 35.3%
  • Andrew Erwin (Unknown) 26.5%
  • Lunsford M. Bramlett (Unknown) 22.7%
  • James T. Sandford (Jacksonian D-R; Jacksonian) 14.6%
  • Francis Willis (Unknown) 1.0%
Tennessee 7 Sam Houston Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Sam Houston (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 84.8%
  • John Bruce (Unknown) 15.1%
Tennessee 8 James B. Reynolds Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1815
1817 (lost)
1823
Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian hold.
Tennessee 9 Adam R. Alexander Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Adam R. Alexander (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 42.0%
  • David Crockett (Anti-Jacksonian) 38.1%
  • James Ferrill (Unknown) 13.4%
  • Thomas H. Pearsons (Unknown) 6.6%

Vermont

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Vermont elected its members September 7, 1824. Congressional districts were re-established in Vermont for the 1824 election. Vermont had used an at-large district 1812-1818 and 1822. A majority was required for election, which was not met in the 1st district, necessitating a second election December 6, 1824.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[33]
Vermont 1 William C. Bradley
Redistricted from the at-large district
Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1812
1814 (lost)
1822
Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
First ballot (September 7, 1824)
  • William C. Bradley (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 49.8%
  • Phineas White (Federalist) 36.9%
  • Calvin Sheldon (Democratic-Republican) 10.7%
  • Write-ins 2.6%
Second ballot (December 6, 1824)
Vermont 2 Rollin C. Mallary
Redistricted from the at-large district
Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1818 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
  •  Y Rollin C. Mallary (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 95.6%
  • Charles K. Williams (Democratic-Republican) 2.2%
  • Charles Rich (Democratic-Republican) 0.9%
Charles Rich
Redistricted from the at-large district
Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1812
1814 (lost)
1816
Incumbent lost re-election, then died October 15, 1824, leading to a special election.
Democratic-Republican loss.
Vermont 3 None (District created) New seat.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Vermont 4 Samuel C. Crafts
Redistricted from the at-large district
Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1816 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
Vermont 5 D. Azro A. Buck
Redistricted from the at-large district
Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1822 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
  •  Y John Mattocks (Adams-Clay Federalist; Anti-Jacksonian) 50.7%
  • D. Azro A. Buck (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 47.7%
  • Write-ins 1.7%

Virginia

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Virginia elected its members in April 1825, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[34]
Virginia 1 Thomas Newton Jr. Adams-Clay
Democratic-Republican
1801 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Virginia 2 Arthur Smith Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y James Trezvant (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 71.0%
  • Richard Eppes (Unknown) 29.0%
Virginia 3 William S. Archer Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1820 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 4 Mark Alexander Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1819 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 5 John Randolph Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1799
1813 (lost)
1815
1817 (lost)
1819
Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 6 George Tucker Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1819 Incumbent retired.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y Thomas Davenport (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 53.9%
  • James Lanier (Unknown) 22.6%
  • Barzillai Graves (Unknown) 16.3%
  • John D. Urquhart (Unknown) 7.2%
Virginia 7 Jabez Leftwich Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent lost re-election.
Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 8 Burwell Bassett Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1805
1812 (lost)
1815
1819 (retired)
1821
Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 9 Andrew Stevenson Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 10 William C. Rives Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 11 Philip P. Barbour Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1814 (special) Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 12 Robert S. Garnett Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1817 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y Robert S. Garnett (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 68.5%
  • John H. Upshaw (Federalist) 31.5%
Virginia 13 John Taliaferro Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1824 (special) Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y John Taliaferro (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 63.3%
  • John Hooe (Federalist) 36.7%
Virginia 14 Charles F. Mercer Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1817 Incumbent re-elected as Anti-Jacksonian.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 15 John S. Barbour Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y John S. Barbour (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 53.7%
  • Thomas Marshall (Federalist) 46.3%
Virginia 16 James Stephenson Crawford Federalist 1821 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 17 Jared Williams Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1819 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y Alfred H. Powell (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 42.0%
  • William Steenergen (Unknown) 21.5%
  • Augustine C. Smith (Unknown) 20.3%
  • Samuel Kercheval (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 13.6%
  • Robert Allen (Jacksonian) 2.6%
Virginia 18 Joseph Johnson Jackson
Democratic-Republican
1823 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
  •  Y Joseph Johnson (Jackson D-R; Jacksonian) 62.0%
  • Phillip Doddridge (Federalist) 38.0%[37]
Virginia 19 William McCoy Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1811 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
Virginia 20 John Floyd Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1817 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y John Floyd (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 84.7%
  • Allen Taylor (Unknown) 15.3%[38]
Virginia 21 William Smith Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1821 Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y William Smith (Crawford D-R; Jacksonian) 55.2%
  • James Lovell (Unknown) 44.8%[39]
Virginia 22 Alexander Smyth Crawford
Democratic-Republican
1817 Incumbent retired.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
  •  Y Benjamin Estil (Adams-Clay D-R; Anti-Jacksonian) 58.9%
  • Joseph Crockett (Unknown) 32.0%
  • William Graham (Unknown) 9.1%

Non-voting delegates

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District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Arkansas Territory at-large Henry Conway Democratic-
Republican
1822 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida Territory at-large Richard Keith Call Unknown 1822 Incumbent retired.
Michigan Territory at-large Gabriel Richard Independent 1823 Incumbent lost re-election.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ In the case of the Anti-Jacksonians (aka. Adams Men), there were 72 "Adams-Clay" Democratic-Republicans and 15 "Adams-Clay" Federalists, for a total of 87 Anti-Jacksonians, in the U.S. House before the 1824 election.
  2. ^ a b The Jacksonians and Anti-Jacksonians were two factions of the Democratic-Republican Party (mostly) that parted ways in 1824. Each member of Congress chose an allegiance before the 1824 election was held, so changes only indicate seats gained by each faction during the election.
  3. ^ In the case of the Jacksonians, there were 64 "Jackson" Democrat-Republicans and 7 "Jackson" Federalists, for a total of 71 Jacksonians, in the U.S. House before the 1824 election.
  4. ^ n Vermont required a majority for electionecessitating an additional election held December 6, 1824.
  5. ^ n Maine had a majority requirement for electionecessitating additional elections held January 3, April 4, and September 12, 1825.
  6. ^ Massachusetts had a majority requirement for election, which necessitated additional elections held January 3, April 1, and August 1, 1825.
  7. ^ Run-off election for 6th seat held March 8, 1825.
  8. ^ Run-off election for second seat held November 25, 1825.
  9. ^ Full name not given in source.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data.
  11. ^ In Massachusetts's 19th district
  12. ^ In Massachusetts's 20th district
  13. ^ In New Hampshire
  14. ^ Although a majority was reached in the second ballot, a third ballot was ordered because elections had not been held in Holland and South Brimfield.[citation needed]
  15. ^ a b c d e In New York's 20th district, Egbert Ten Eyck (Jacksonian) was initially declared the winner of the second seat. However, Daniel Hugunin Jr. (Anti-Jacksonian) successfully contested the election on the basis that 275 votes had been certified for "Daniel Hugunin, Junior" and another 195 for "Daniel Hugunin," and that those votes were intended for him. The House Committee on Elections concurred and the seat was awarded to Hugunin, who was seated December 15, 1825.
  16. ^ Source does not give complete data, but partial returns available in source suggest a very large margin.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on 2024-05-24. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  2. ^ a b Congressional Quarterly's Guide to Elections (1975).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Eighteenth Congress March 4, 1823, to March 3, 1825". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
  4. ^ a b c "Nineteenth Congress March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1827". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
  5. ^ "Our Campaigns - CT At-Large Race - Apr 04, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  6. ^ "Our Campaigns - GA At-Large Race - Oct 04, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
  7. ^ Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. Vol. 4. Illinois State Historical Society. 1912. pp. 401–402.
  8. ^ "Our Campaigns - KY - District 02 Race - Aug 02, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  9. ^ "Our Campaigns - KY - District 05 Race - Aug 02, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  10. ^ "Our Campaigns - KY - District 06 Race - Aug 02, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  11. ^ "Our Campaigns - KY - District 07 Race - Aug 02, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  12. ^ "Our Campaigns - KY - District 08 Race - Aug 02, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  13. ^ "Our Campaigns - KY - District 11 Race - Aug 02, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  14. ^ "Our Campaigns - LA - District 02 Race - Jul 07, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  15. ^ "Our Campaigns - LA - District 03 Race - Jul 07, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  16. ^ "Our Campaigns - ME District 01 Race - Sep 13, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  17. ^ "Our Campaigns - ME District 2 Race - Sep 13, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  18. ^ "Our Campaigns - ME District 3 - 4th Trial Race - Sep 12, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  19. ^ "Our Campaigns - ME District 4 - 3rd Trial Race - Apr 04, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  20. ^ "Our Campaigns - ME District 7 Race - Sep 13, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  21. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 3 (Essex North) - 2nd Trial Race - Jan 03, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  22. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 5 (Hampden) - 3rd Trial Race - Apr 04, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  23. ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 10 (Norfolk) - Special Election - 3rd Trial Race - Nov 29, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  24. ^ "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large Race - Nov 01, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  25. ^ Doutrich, Paul E. (2004). Shapers of the Great Debate on Jacksonian Democracy: A Biographical Dictionary. ABC-CLIO. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9780313052668.
  26. ^ a b "Mapping Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  27. ^ "Our Campaigns - NY District 20 - Revised Vote Totals Race - Nov 01, 1824". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
  28. ^ "Mapping Early American Elections". earlyamericanelections.org. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
  29. ^ "Our Campaigns - NC - District 07 Race - Aug 11, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  30. ^ "Our Campaigns - NC District 09 Race - Aug 11, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
  31. ^ Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
  32. ^ "Our Campaigns - RI At-Large Race - Aug 30, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  33. ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  34. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  35. ^ "Our Campaigns - VA District 07 Race - Apr 00, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  36. ^ "Our Campaigns - VA District 08 Race - Apr 00, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  37. ^ "Our Campaigns - VA District 18 Race - Apr 00, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  38. ^ "Our Campaigns - VA District 20 Race - Apr 00, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  39. ^ "Our Campaigns - VA District 21 Race - Apr 00, 1825". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2024-06-23.

Bibliography

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