Wikipedia

MultiCam

(Redirected from Multicam)
For the method of shooting films and television programs, see Multiple-camera setup.

MultiCam is a camouflage pattern designed for use in a wide range of environments and conditions which was developed and is produced by American company Crye Precision.[2] The pattern has found extensive adoption globally. Variants of it, some unlicensed, are in use with militaries worldwide, particularly with special forces/special operations forces units.

MultiCam
A computerized rendering of a swatch of MultiCam
TypeMilitary camouflage pattern
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service2004–present[1]
Used bySee Users
WarsWar in Afghanistan
Iraq War
Syrian Civil War
Mali War
Papuan Insurgency
Russo-Ukrainian War
Production history
DesignerCrye Precision
Designed2002
ManufacturerCrye Precision
MultiCam variants made in other countries
Produced2002–present
VariantsArid, Tropic, Alpine, Black
See Variants for MultiCam patterns made in other countries

The pattern is also available for purchase for civilian usage. Derived from the original standard pattern, additional specified variants were developed and later introduced in late 2013, those are "Arid", "Tropic", "Alpine" and "Black".[3]

History

edit
 
A mannequin wearing an early prototype of a MultiCam combat shirt in July 2004
 
A U.S. Army soldier at the U.S. Capitol in June 2005, modelling an early prototype MultiCam combat shirt at a military technology convention

First unveiled and designed in 2002, MultiCam was designed for the use of the U.S. Army in varied environments, seasons, elevations, and light conditions. It is a seven-color,[4] multi-environment camouflage pattern developed by Crye Precision[5] in conjunction with United States Army Soldier Systems Center.

The pattern was included in the U.S. Army's move to replace the 3-Color Desert and Woodland patterns, but in 2004 the U.S. Army chose the Universal Camouflage Pattern that came to be used in the Army Combat Uniform. Nonetheless, it remained in limited use by the U.S. Army special forces in the mid-to-late 2000s in Iraq and Afghanistan. MultiCam was also continually trialed for its "Future Force Warrior" program demonstrations.[6][7][8][9]

MultiCam was officially re-commissioned by the U.S. Army in 2010, replacing UCP for units deploying to fight in the War in Afghanistan, under the designation Operation Enduring Freedom Camouflage Pattern (OEF-CP).[10][11] It had already been used by some American special operations units and civilian law enforcement agencies.[12] The U.S. Army discontinued the use of UCP in October 2019.[13]

MultiCam is available for commercial sale to civilians.[14] A version of MultiCam has been adopted by the armed forces of the United Kingdom as the Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP), replacing their previous DPM camouflage. MTP retains the color palette of MultiCam but incorporates shapes similar to the previous DPM scheme. After using the MultiCam scheme in Afghanistan, Australia has also adopted its own version, combining the pattern of MultiCam with the color palette of its earlier DPCU / Auscam pattern.

On 25 November 2013, Crye Precision unveiled a family of MultiCam variants, which they claim can reduce the visual and near-IR signature of a person operating in different environments. There are 4 variants from the original MultiCam. First is arid, for users operating in desert environments. Second is tropic, for users operating in dense jungle environments and areas that predominantly consist of lush vegetation that remains relatively unaffected by seasonal changes. Third is alpine, for users operating in snow-covered environments and intended to be used in every area of operation that receives significant snowfall. Last is black that meets the unique requirements of police tactical units operating in high-risk environments and projects a distinctly authoritative presence appropriate for domestic operations.[15]

Appearance

edit
 
U.S. Army Rangers of 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment wearing MultiCam while demonstrating the Future Force Warrior project at Fort Bliss, Texas, in February 2007

MultiCam has a background of a brown to light tan gradient, overprinted with a dark green, olive green, and lime green gradient and a top layer of opaque dark brown and cream-colored shapes spread throughout the pattern. This allows for the overall appearance to change from predominantly green to predominantly brown in different areas of the fabric, while having smaller shapes to break up the larger background areas.

The MultiCam color scheme in hex triplet is as follows:(i) Cream 524 B8A78B; (ii) Dark Brown 530 48352F; (iii) Tan 525 967860; (iv) Brown 529 6F573F; (v) Dark Green 528 5A613F; (vi) Olive 527 8C7D50; and (vii) Pale Green 526 85755C.[16]

Variants

edit

Australia

edit
Main articles: Australian Multicam Camouflage Uniform and General Purpose Uniform

Army

On 19 November 2010, after trials by Australian special operations forces, the Australian Defence Force announced that MultiCam will be standard for all regular Australian Army personnel in Afghanistan. MultiCam, it is said, provided "... troops with greater levels of concealment across the range of terrains in Afghanistan – urban, desert and green." Previously, depending upon the terrain, Australian troops had to transition between green and desert colored Australian Disruptive Pattern Camouflage Uniforms (DPCU or AUSCAM).[17][18] On 30 May 2011 the Defence Material Organisation announced that they had obtained licence to produce MultiCam in Australia for US$4.7 million and Crye would also design a new uniquely Australian pattern for another US$3.1 million.[19]

The Australian Army decided to standardize MultiCam-patterned uniforms starting in October 2014 called the Australian Multicam Camouflage Uniform (AMCU). The Australian derivative retains colour and pattern elements of the previous DPCU pattern. The AMCU is manufactured domestically by Australian Defence Apparel and Pacific Brands Workwear Group and comes in two variations, field and combat, using a tested Australian Multi-Camouflage Pattern that can operate in bush, desert, and jungle conditions. Previous DPCU Uniforms and Australian MultiCam Pattern Operational Combat Uniforms will be worn until all Army personnel have been issued with the AMCU.[20]

  •  
    Australian special forces in MultiCam, June 2010
  •  
    An Australian soldier wearing a combat uniform and kit in AMCU pattern, in Iraq, 2016

Air Force

In 2014 the Royal Australian Air Force began fielding a new MultiCam-based uniform to replace the DPCU, called the General Purpose Uniform (GPU), using the blue-and-grey colours of the RAAF.[21] The uniform is not intended to be used as camouflage in warlike operations or environments.[22][23]

  •  
    The primarily blue colour scheme of the General Purpose Uniform, seen from behind.
  •  
    Two members of the RAAF wearing the GPU in 2022

Navy

In 2015, the Royal Australian Navy began their own testing of a new MultiCam uniform with a blue colourway, calling it the Maritime Multicam Pattern Uniform (MMPU)[24] The new uniform and pattern were intended to replace the Navy's grey-and-green Disruptive Pattern Naval Uniform (DPNU) by 2017.[25] In 2019, the Navy announced that it was fielding a variant of the new AMCU including the design and cut of the uniform itself, and reverting to the grey-and-green colours of the DPNU.[26]

  •  
    Royal Australian Navy officers wearing the MMPU in 2024

The fabric for the AMCU, the MMPU, and the GPU are produced in Australia by Bruck Textiles Pty Ltd.[27]

Canada

edit
Main article: CADPAT § Multi-terrain

In 2021, a CADPAT variant based on the MultiCam pattern, called "multi-terrain pattern" or simply "MT," was announced as the replacement the TW and AR patterns. [28]

The rollout began in February 2024 for high-readiness units first;[29] and scheduled to fully replace all older variant of CADPAT by 2026.[30]

Georgia

edit

A domestic variant of MultiCam is in use with the Georgian Defense Forces as standard issue for all military branches as well as special units of the MIA and State Security. The pattern was adopted initially in 2009, replacing the DWC and MARPAT and since has been produced in a slightly altered version that fits better to the local environment.

  •  
    Infantrymen of the Georgian 33rd LIB during a mission readiness exercise
  •  
    A Georgian ranger during mission rehearsal for Afghanistan deployment
  •  
    Georgian troops wearing a mix of MultiCam and MARPAT
  •  
    A Georgian officer of the Batumi Separate Light Infantry Battalion in Afghanistan

Hungary

edit
Main article: Hungarian camouflage pattern 2015M
  •  
    The Hungarian Army's 2015M pattern
  •  
    Hungarian soldier wearing 2015M pattern uniform

Indonesia

edit

On 2 March 2022, the Army unveiled their field uniform with a new camo pattern known as "Loreng Angkatan Darat" (Army camo pattern) or "Loreng TNI AD" also known officially as 'PDL (Pakaian Dinas Lapangan) Khas Matra Darat'.[31][32][33] This camo is a variant of Multicam based on US Army OCP with local DPM color palette. A Desert/Arid variant intended to replace the older local Desert DPM Variant are also Present.

New Zealand

edit
Main article: Uniforms of the New Zealand Army

The New Zealand Defence Force announced in late 2019 that it would be replacing its local Multi Terrain Pattern camouflage (NZMTP), in use since 2014, with a variant of British Multi-Terrain Pattern. The rollout began in 2020.[34] Prior to this, the New Zealand Special Air Service in Afghanistan wore uniforms in Crye Precision MultiCam.

  •  
    NZ Army soldiers wearing the NZMTP uniform during training.
  •  
    A Royal New Zealand Air Force officer, right. wearing NZMTP.

Poland

edit

A modified version of MultiCam has been adopted by the some of Polish Special Forces. It is named Suez.[35]

  •  
    From left: Suez, MultiCam, OCP

Portugal

edit

As part of the Sistemas de Combate do Soldado (Soldiers Combat Systems) project, in 2018, the Portuguese Army started to experiment a new individual equipment system for the dismounted soldiers, which includes a new camouflaged MultiCam-style uniform.[36] This new uniform was tested in the field by units deployed to the Central African Republic, Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2019, the MultiCam-style camouflaged was officially adopted as the Multiterreno (Multi-terrain), becoming the standard field uniform camouflage of the Portuguese Army, gradually replacing the Disruptive Pattern Material pattern.[36]

It was developed in cooperation with the CINAMIL (Research Center for Development and Innovation of the Military Academy).[36]

  •  
    Portuguese Paratroopers on board aircraft
  •  
    A landed Portuguese Paratrooper

Romania

edit

In October 2016, a new camouflage meant to replace the old Disruptive Pattern Material was presented by the Romanian Armed Forces. The pattern has a mosaic design and resembles MultiCam.[37][discuss] The new camouflage was introduced in 2017. The five-color M2017 camouflage has distinct versions for the Army, Navy, and Air Force.[38]

Regular MultiCam is also used by the Special Forces. These uniforms are made by UF Pro.[39]

  •  
    M2017 camouflage pattern
  •  
    Air Force pattern
  •  
    Navy pattern
  •  
    Army Sgt. Maj. Florea Sas wearing an M2017 camouflage uniform
  •  
    Vânători de munte soldiers

Russia

edit

MultiCam has also been adopted by some Russian Spetsnaz units, including FSB Alpha,[40] the SSO,[40] and by the Internal Troops of the MVD. It is reported that Russia makes their own MultiCam camos.[41]

In 2023, Russia has adopted Multicam as a standard camouflage of its new Army field uniform kit, VKPO 2.0, VKPO 3.0 and VKPO 4.0.[42]

  •  
    Russian FSB officers in December 2010, during an operation in Makhachkala
  •  
    Russian special operations forces in February 2016
  •  
    Two operators of the SOBR special police force wearing MultiCam fatigues

Ukraine

edit

The first use of MultiCam in Ukraine was done by the "Ukrainian Volunteer Battalions": militias and paramilitary groups formed to fight separatists, which were largely self-funded and bought their own equipment.[43]

Ukraine first adopted MultiCam officially for their special forces units as part of a larger NATO training and modernization program,[44] together with a new digital camo for regular units.[45] However, some regular Ukrainian Armed Forces and the National Guard of Ukraine units have been issued MultiCam uniforms as well.[46] Territorial Defense Forces volunteers, are sometimes issued or buy their own MultiCam uniforms.[47] Members of the special police unit Rapid Operational Response Unit (KORD) of the National Police of Ukraine also use MultiCam.

United Kingdom

edit

The colors of the MultiCam pattern were also used in the development of the British armed forces Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP). British forces deployed in Afghanistan used MTP uniforms from March 2010 onwards, with these uniforms replacing all Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) uniforms by 2013. The colors used in Crye's MultiCam technology were determined to be the best performing, across the widest range of environments (by a significant margin) when compared with the two existing DPM designs in use at the time and was subsequently selected as the basis for the new MTP camouflage, combined with the existing DPM base pattern.[48][49]

In June 2020, the Royal Marines announced the adoption of a new uniform made by Crye which uses the original MultiCam pattern instead of MTP, though the compatibility of the two designs means that items of load carrying equipment produced in MTP continue to be on issue;[50][51] prior to this, usage of original MultiCam as an issued uniform (as opposed to items privately purchased by individual personnel) was limited to United Kingdom Special Forces units.[52]

  •  
    British Army paratroopers wearing MTP during Rapid Trident 2011
  •  
    British Army soldier wearing MTP in Afghanistan, 2011
  •  
    RAF Regiment reservist wearing MTP at Hythe Range Complex, 2013
  •  
    Special Forces Support Group member wearing MultiCam in Afghanistan, 2013
  •  
    Pathfinder Platoon member wearing MultiCam on exercise, 2018
  •  
    Royal Marines demonstrating their newly adopted MultiCam uniforms in 2020
  •  
    Royal Marines wearing a combination of MultiCam (uniform, helmet cover) and MTP (body armour, load carrying equipment) items at Bovington Training Area, 2021
  •  
    Royal Marines Brigadier wearing MultiCam at Navy Command Headquarters, 2021

United States

edit

MultiCam is currently in use by the U.S. Special Operations Command,[53] and some private military contractors.[54] Several members of the U.S. Army's Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 12th Infantry Regiment were also seen wearing MultiCam when followed by ABC News.[55] In 2010, U.S. soldiers deployed to Afghanistan were issued MultiCam versions of the Army Combat Uniform, as the existing Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP) was found to be inadequate for the terrain.

In May 2014, the Army selected a pattern similar to MultiCam called Scorpion W2 to replace UCP, naming it the Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP). The original Scorpion pattern was jointly developed by Crye Precision and the Army for the Objective Force Warrior program in 2002, and Crye made small adjustments for trademark purposes to create MultiCam. Because Scorpion is similar to MultiCam, the same color Velcro, buttons, and zippers can be reused.[56][57] OCP resembles MultiCam with muted greens, light beige, and dark brown colors, but uses fewer beige and brown patches and no vertical twig and branch elements.[58] On 31 July 2014, the Army formally announced that OCP would begin being issued in uniforms in summer 2015.[59] Soldiers were allowed to continue wearing uniforms and field equipment patterned in MultiCam until they could acquire OCP, which was allowed until the MultiCam uniforms' wear-out date on 1 October 2018.[60] The U.S. Air Force also subsequently adopted OCP uniforms, starting 2018 with full phase-on April 1, 2021, replacing the previous Airman Battle Uniform.

Some local, state and federal law enforcement agencies also make use of the pattern, including the Drug Enforcement Administration's Foreign-deployed Advisory and Support Teams (FAST) teams operating in Afghanistan as well as the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Special Reaction Team, the Spokane, Washington Police Department, and the Oregon State Police SWAT team.

Users

edit

Current

edit

Future

edit
  •   France: A French-developed camouflage inspired by MultiCam, called Bariolage Multi-Environnement (BME), is due to become the standard camouflage pattern of the French Armed Forces from 2024 onwards.[113]
  •   Ireland: An Irish version known as Irish Transitional Multi-Cam Pattern (ITMCP) is being developed by the Irish military to replace in their DPM camouflage uniforms with the ITCMP pattern designed by Crye Precision.[84] ITMCP will be part of the upcoming DF Combat Clothing System, which would cost €40 million.[114]

Former

edit

Non-state users

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "Defense.gov News Article: Future Warrior Exhibits Super Powers". archive.defense.gov. July 2004. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015.
  2. ^ "Crye Precision". www.cryeprecision.com.
  3. ^ "Patterns | MultiCam® Family of Camouflage Patterns Page".
  4. ^ Smith, Ned (5 August 2010). "New Army Camouflage Lets Soldiers Hide in Plain Sight". TechMediaNetwork.com. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  5. ^ "MultiCam - Home". Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  6. ^ "Army displays latest warfighting innovations". U.S. Army. June 2005. Archived from the original on 18 June 2005.
  7. ^ Turner, Daniel D.; Carstens, Christian B.; Torre, Joseph (October 2005). "Future Force Warrior, Engineering Design Event Number 4" (PDF). DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2007.
  8. ^ "Future Force Warrior: Advanced Technology Demonstration Update" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2017.
  9. ^ "Objective Force Warrior? What's That? - Soldier Systems Daily". 30 January 2014.
  10. ^ Bacon, Lance M. (23 August 2010). "Soldiers receive new MultiCam ACUs, gear". Army Times. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  11. ^ Cox, Matthew (20 February 2010). "Army to replace camo pattern in Afghanistan". Army Times.
  12. ^ "Congress Cares About Camo". Soldier Systems. 17 June 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  13. ^ "Army Publishing Directorate" (PDF).
  14. ^ "MultiCam Tactical Gear". multicamtacticalgear.com. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  15. ^ "Patterns". Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  16. ^ "Multicam Brand Guide" (PDF). Multicam Pattern website. Crye Precision. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  17. ^ a b New combat uniform makes troops job easier, Australian Department of Defence, 19 November 2010.
  18. ^ a b Land Warfare Conference - Minister for Defence Materiel, Australian Department of Defence, 19 November 2010.
  19. ^ New defence uniforms on the way, The Sydney Morning Herald, 30 May 2011
  20. ^ a b Australian Army launches new Multicam Camouflage Combat uniform at Chief of Army's exercise - Armyrecognition.com, 24 September 2014
  21. ^ 'A Blue Day for the Air Force' | 3 September 2014 | URL: http://www.coffscoastadvocate.com.au/news/raaf-turns-blue-with-distinctive-new-outfit/2373093/#/0
  22. ^ "Q&A - Air Force General Purpose Uniform". Royal Australian Air Force. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  23. ^ "RAAF personnel to receive new-look uniforms". Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  24. ^ 'New Camouflage for the Royal Australian Navy' URL: https://news.defence.gov.au/industry/new-navy-uniform-collaborative-success/
  25. ^ 'Tailored for maritime combat' | Navy Daily | 24 May 2016 | URL:https://news.navy.gov.au/en/May2016/Fleet/2930/Tailored-for-maritime-combat.htm#.X3pa5rLVKUk
  26. ^ 'Australian Navy testing new multi-cam uniform, the MMPU' | March News 2019 | Navy Naval Maritime Defense Industry | URL: http://news.navy.gov.au/en/Mar2019/Fleet/5117/New-rigs-on-trial.htm#.X3pVmLLVKUk
  27. ^ "Camouflage Fabrics".
  28. ^ Montgomery, Marc (3 May 2021). "Canada selects new combat uniform design for soldiers". Radio Canada International.
  29. ^ "CADPAT MT Modernized Combat Uniform". Joint-Forces.com. 31 March 2024.
  30. ^ "CADPAT Multi-Terrain (MT) Modernized Combat Uniform". Government of Canada. 26 February 2024.
  31. ^ AD, Oleh Admin TNI (2 March 2022). "Kasad Launching Loreng TNI AD dan Perkenalkan Ambulance Babinsa". tniad.mil.id.
  32. ^ "Jenderal Dudung perkenalkan seragam baru bermotif loreng TNI AD". Antara News. 2 March 2022.
  33. ^ TNI AD, Admin TNI (5 June 2023). "Pedoman Penggunaan Seragam PDH, PDL, dan PDL Khas Matra Darat". tniad.mil.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  34. ^ "Army News June 2019" (PDF). Army News. 503: 28. June 2019.
  35. ^ "Polish MultiCam "Inspired" Variants - Soldier Systems Daily". October 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  36. ^ a b c "New Portuguese ACU m18 Camouflage Pattern". 8 December 2018.
  37. ^ "A New Design for a New Army: Romanian Armed Forces 2.0". t-intell.com. 28 October 2016. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020.
  38. ^ Morrison, Bob (23 June 2019). "Romanian M2017 Camouflage Patterns". joint-forces.com.
  39. ^ Morrison, Bob (5 June 2022). "Romanian Special Operations Forces In UF PRO MultiCam". joint-forces.com.
  40. ^ a b c "Weapons of the Russian Special Forces". Navy SEALs. 24 March 2020.
  41. ^ "Russian MultiCam and Black Guns". Military.com. 2 April 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  42. ^ "Russian army receives first new camo uniforms from Triada-TKO Kalashnikov | Defense News May 2023 Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army year 2023 | Archive News year". www.armyrecognition.com. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  43. ^ "Help Donbas Battalion". People's Project.com. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  44. ^ a b Trevithick, Joseph (8 June 2017). "Ukrainian Spetnaz's Weapons and Gear May Show an American Touch". The Drive. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  45. ^ "Fashion statement: Ukrainian troops debut post-Soviet uniforms". The Washington Times. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  46. ^ a b "Ukrainian M14 Digital Pattern". 5 October 2019.
  47. ^ a b Maryn, Sonia (7 April 2021). "Ukraine's Territorial Defense volunteers prepare to support army in case of Russian invasion". Euromaidan Press. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  48. ^ Emery, Daniel (20 December 2009). "British Army to get new camouflage uniform". BBC News Online. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
  49. ^ Copping, Jasper (20 December 2009). "British Army to get new uniforms – turned down by the US and made in China". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 23 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
  50. ^ "New commando uniform for Royal Marines". Royal Navy. 27 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  51. ^ "Royal Marines Commandos Go MultiCam". Joint Forces News. 26 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  52. ^ Neville, Leigh (15 December 2016). The SAS 1983–2014. Osprey Publishing. pp. 42, 50, 58–59. ISBN 9781472814036.
  53. ^ "MultiCam Manufacturing". Multicampattern.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  54. ^ "Blackwater USA". Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  55. ^ 1 November 2010. "Nightline - ABC News - Courage Under Fire in Afghanistan". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 16 August 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  56. ^ Army Selects New Camouflage Pattern - Military.com, 23 May 2014
  57. ^ Army Taps Scorpion to Replace UCP - Kitup.Military.com, 23 May 2014
  58. ^ Army selects new camo pattern - Armytimes.com, 23 May 2014
  59. ^ Army announces rollout date for new camo - Armytimes.com, 31 July 2014
  60. ^ Soldiers Cleared to Wear OCP and MultiCam in July - Kitup.Military.com, 4 May 2015
  61. ^ Morgan, Wesley (15 May 2023). "The Empire's New Clothes (and Everyone Else's Too)". New Lines Magazine. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  62. ^ "Albanian M12 Woodland ~ NATO eFP EOD Contingent". 24 December 2023.
  63. ^ "GRUPO MILÍCIA, 20 ANOS DE ACTIVIDADE | Operacional". operacional.pt. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  64. ^ Larson (2021), p. 127.
  65. ^ Victoria Police. "SOG New Fleet". Retrieved 8 June 2019.[failed verification]
  66. ^ "Jagdkommando-Übung: Treffen internationaler Spezialkräfte". 2 September 2017.
  67. ^ Landesverteidigung, Bundesministerium für. "Österreich mit neun Soldaten im Afghanistan-Einsatz". bundesheer.at.
  68. ^ "Nieuwe operationele kledij tegen eind 2022". Directorate General Material Resources. 1 April 2022.
  69. ^ Larson (2021), p. 130.
  70. ^ http://www.pf.gov.br/servicos-pf/licitacoes/2013/distrito-federal/orgaos-centrais/dlog/pregoes/pregao-presencial-internacional-n.o-16-2013-coad-dlog-dpf/Pregao Presencial Internacional no 16-2013 - Capacetes Balisticos e seus Acessorios.pdf/@@download/file/Pregão Presencial Internacional nº 16-2013 - Capacetes Balísticos e seus Acessórios.pdf
  71. ^ "Canadian Forces considering changing regular forces camouflage from CADPAT Temperate Woodland and CADPAT Arid Regions to Multicam" (PDF).
  72. ^ "Chile - Camopedia". camopedia.org. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  73. ^ "Prensa y Multimedia - Ejército de Chile".
  74. ^ "Første officielle billede af den nye danske Multicam uniform M/11". 21 December 2012.
  75. ^ "New French Army Special Forces Camo". 7 April 2019.
  76. ^ "Suomalaissotilaiden poikkeavat varusteet Kabulissa kiinnittivät huomion – tästä on kyse". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). 26 August 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  77. ^ "Finland - Camopedia". www.camopedia.org. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  78. ^ Vining, Miles (22 April 2016). "ISAF armament of BLS". Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  79. ^ "Haiti: Jovenel Moise's Inauguration". VOA. 7 February 2017.
  80. ^ Canal 11 Haïti 4vTKT (15 February 2023). (BLVV) kò ki anndan PNH la, responsab pou lite kont moun k'ap volè machin. Retrieved 30 June 2024 – via YouTube.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  81. ^ Goodman, Dánica Coto and Joshua. "Haiti's interim leader requests US troops". USA TODAY. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  82. ^ "Une nouvelle promotion de la POLIFRONT pour sécuriser la frontière | Loop Haiti". Loop News. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  83. ^ "What are the Camouflage Uniforms of Para SF, MARCOS, and Garud Commandos?". 21 June 2023.
  84. ^ a b "Ireland's Defence Forces to get new US-style camouflage uniforms". The Irish Times.
  85. ^ Darma, Agung (2 March 2022). "Kasad Launching Loreng TNI AD dan Perkenalkan Ambulance Babinsa". tniad.mil.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  86. ^ "The Indonesian Army Has A New Uniform, The Striped Motif Is The Design Of Commander Andika". VOI - Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  87. ^ "M2015 Jordanian Special Operations Camo". 10 July 2022.
  88. ^ "Armed Forces of Malta ~ AFM MultiCam". 17 July 2020.
  89. ^ "Montenegro Military in MultiCam - Soldier Systems Daily". soldiersystems.net. 29 September 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  90. ^ "YDS Textiles ~ Turkish Camouflage Garments". 8 December 2019.
  91. ^ "Dutch SF to Sport New Uniforms for Mali Mission - UPDATED - Soldier Systems Daily". 13 March 2014.
  92. ^ Cheng, Derek (2 July 2011). "SAS war kit blows away military fans". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  93. ^ a b "[안보열전]열병식 보니 北 특수부대도 '파격 변화'..우리 군 대책은?". 다음 - 노컷뉴스.
  94. ^ "Comandos regressam à base após missão das Nações Unidas na República Centro-Africana". www.cmjornal.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  95. ^ "DAE, a secreta tropa de elite portuguesa". JN (in Portuguese). 20 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  96. ^ "Romanian Special Operations Forces in UF PRO MultiCam". 5 June 2022.
  97. ^ "Do Russian Special Forces Rival US Spec Ops?". Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  98. ^ "Zaslon: Russia's Most Secretive Unit". 16 April 2021.
  99. ^ "Specijalne-jedinice.com | Special Anti-terrorist Unit of Republic of Srpska". specijalne-jedinice.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  100. ^ http://www.roknco.or.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=search&wr_id=606 [bare URL]
  101. ^ "Spanish Military Power". 2 August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021 – via YouTube.
  102. ^ Enander, Dag. "Omedelbart operativa". Försvarsmakten (in Swedish). Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  103. ^ "กองบัญชาการกองทัพไทย". Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  104. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  105. ^ "R/MilitaryPorn - Turkish Special Forces soldier in Afrin [960x622]". 21 March 2018.
  106. ^ "Royal Marines Commandos Go MultiCam". 26 June 2020.
  107. ^ Copping, Jasper (20 December 2009). "British Army to get new uniforms – turned down by the US and made in China". Retrieved 15 July 2019 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  108. ^ Officials to issue new camouflage uniforms to deployers, Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs, 27 January 2011
  109. ^ "Meet the FBI hostage team that rescued Hannah Anderson". The Week. 28 August 2013.
  110. ^ Cox, Matthew (8 July 2015). "Soldiers Line Up to Buy New Camouflage Uniforms". Kitup.Military.com.
  111. ^ Larson (2021), p. 344.
  112. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.ejercito.mil.ve. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  113. ^ "French Army adopts new BME multi-environment combat uniform | Defense News May 2022 Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army year 2022 | Archive News year". 13 May 2022.
  114. ^ "New Irish Defence Forces Camouflage Pattern Developed by Crye Precision | Soldier Systems Daily". 27 November 2023.
  115. ^ Neville (2019), p. 130.
  116. ^ "抗战胜利70周年阅兵出现新式迷彩、新式头盔和新式战术装具".
  117. ^ "A snapshot of camouflage patterns in Syria". Armament Research Services. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  118. ^ Engel, Pamela (28 July 2016). "One of Syria's top terrorist groups just split from Al Qaeda — here's what that means". GreenwichTime. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  119. ^ "From Chechnya To Syria — Coming Soon". www.chechensinsyria.com.
  120. ^ "Sham Legion fighters on the shores of the Euphrates river after capturing villages in the area". Map of Syrian Civil War - Syria news and incidents today - syria.liveuamap.com. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  121. ^ "Turkistan Islamic Party releases photos from captured Syrian regime airbase | FDD's Long War Journal". www.longwarjournal.org. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  122. ^ "Syria: Stolen Revolution | Polish Culture Forum". jagahost.proboards.com. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  123. ^ "Ajnad Al-Kavkaz Don't Have Bay'ah to Caucasus Emirate". 22 May 2015.
  124. ^ Mandalay PDF: Regime Responsible For Nawngkio Conflict Shan Herald Agency for News. November 21, 2022. Archived May 29, 2023, at the Wayback Machine

Bibliography

edit
  • Larson, Eric H. (2021). Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 9781526739537.
  • Neville, Leigh (2019). The Elite: The A–Z of Modern Special Operations Forces. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472824295.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to MultiCam.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MultiCam&oldid=1251612495"