X Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery was a brigade[a] of the Royal Horse Artillery which existed in the early part of the 20th century. It served as a training formation (as X (Reserve) Brigade, RHA) in the First World War before being dissolved at the end of the war.
| X Brigade, RHA X (Reserve) Brigade, RHA | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1 March 1901 – October 1919 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Artillery |
| Size | Battalion |
History edit
Background edit
Royal Horse Artillery brigades did not exist as an organizational or operational grouping of batteries until 1 July 1859 when the Horse Brigade, Royal Artillery was formed.[3] The brigade system was extended to five (later six) brigades when the horse artillery of the Honourable East India Company had been transferred to the British Army in 1861.[4] These brigades were reduced to five in 1871, then to three (of 10 batteries each) in 1877 and to two (of 13 batteries each) in 1882. The brigade system was finally abolished in 1889.[5]
As battery designations were tied to the brigade that the battery was assigned to, batteries were redesignated in a bewildering sequence as they were transferred between brigades. For example, E Battery of C Brigade (E/C Bty) might become N Battery of A Brigade (N/A Bty) upon transfer. Henceforth, batteries were designated in a single alphabetical sequence in order of seniority from date of formation.[5]
The brigade system was revived in 1901. Each brigade now commanded just two batteries and a small staff (a Lieutenant-Colonel in command, an adjutant and a brigade sergeant major). Initially, batteries were not assigned to brigades in any particular order,[6] but in 1906, at the insistence of Edward VII, brigades were redesignated so that batteries were roughly in order of seniority (hence I Brigade commanded A Battery and B Battery).[7]
Formation edit
X Brigade, RHA was formed on 1 March 1901 as XII Brigade-Division, RHA with P Battery and R Battery. In 1903 it was redesignated as XII Brigade, RHA[8] and was stationed at Mhow, India.[9] On 1 October 1906, it was redesignated as X Brigade, RHA.[8]
By the time World War I broke out, the brigade was at Woolwich attached to 4th Cavalry Brigade.[10] On mobilization, the brigade took on a training role and was redesignated X (Reserve) Brigade, RHA. It remained at Woolwich throughout the war.[11] On 18 October 1916, AA Battery[b] was reformed and joined the brigade.[14]
At the end of the war, the brigade was broken up. P and R Batteries were transferred to IV Brigade, AA Battery transferred to VIII Brigade and the brigade ceased to exist by October 1919.[8]
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ The basic organic unit of the Royal Artillery was, and is, the Battery.[1] When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of World War I, a field artillery brigade of headquarters (4 officers, 37 other ranks), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)[2] had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a Lieutenant-Colonel. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938.
- ^ From 1 July 1889, RHA batteries were lettered in a single alphabetical sequence in order of seniority from date of formation.[5] When more than 26 batteries were needed, double letters were used, AA,[12] BB,[13] etc.
References edit
- ^ "The Royal Artillery". Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- ^ Baker, Chris. "What was an artillery brigade?". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- ^ Frederick 1984, p. 430
- ^ Clarke 1993, p. 53
- ^ a b c Clarke 1993, p. 54
- ^ Clarke 1993, p. 55
- ^ Clarke 1993, p. 58
- ^ a b c Frederick 1984, p. 446
- ^ Clarke 1993, p. 142
- ^ Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914". Retrieved 2 May 2013.
- ^ Clarke 1993, p. 59
- ^ Clarke 1993, p. 99
- ^ Clarke 1993, p. 100
- ^ Frederick 1984, p. 440
Bibliography edit
- Clarke, W.G. (1993). Horse Gunners: The Royal Horse Artillery, 200 Years of Panache and Professionalism. Woolwich: The Royal Artillery Institution. ISBN 09520762-0-9.
- Frederick, J.B.M. (1984). Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660-1978. Wakefield, Yorkshire: Microform Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-85117-009-X.