World record progression 100 metres freestyle

The first world record in the men's 100 metres freestyle in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognised by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1905.[1] In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since 3 March 1991.

Times have consistently dropped over the years due to better training techniques and to new developments in the sport.

In the first four Olympics competitions were not held in pools, but rather in open water (1896- The Mediterranean Sea, 1900- The Seine River, 1904- an artificial lake, 1906- The Mediterranean Sea). The 1904 Olympics freestyle race was the only one ever measured at 100 yards, instead of the usual 100 metres. A 100 metre pool was built for the 1908 Olympics and sat in the centre of the main stadium's track and field oval. The 1912 Olympics, held in the Stockholm harbour, marked the beginning of electronic timing.

Male swimmers wore full body suits up until the 1940s, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swim-wear counterparts. Also, over the years, pool designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster. Namely, proper pool depth, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic and illumination designs.

In 2008, leading up to the Olympics, Speedo introduced a 50% Polyurethane suit dubbed LZR. Pure polyurethane suits from Arena (X-Glide), Adidas (Hydrofoil) and Italian suit manufacturer, Jaked were thought to be largely responsible for the multiple World Records in 2009 including at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships (dubbed the "Plastic Games"). FINA announced a ban on non-textile suit that took effect on January 2010.[2]

The 1924 Summer Olympics were the first to use the standard 50 metre pool with marked lanes. In the freestyle, swimmers originally dived from the pool walls, but diving blocks were eventually incorporated at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The tumble turn ("flip-turn") was developed by the 1950s.

Graphic data for World Record Progression in Men and Women Swimming 50m-100m-200m Long and Short Course Butterfly-Backstroke-Breaststroke-Freestyle

Men

Long course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1  1:05.8  Halmay , Zoltán Zoltán Halmay  Hungary 01905-12-033 Dec 1905 - Vienna, Austria
2  1:05.6  Daniels , Charles Charles Daniels  United States 01908-07-2020 Jul 1908 Olympic Games London, United Kingdom [3]
3  1:02.8  (tt)
 Daniels , Charles Charles Daniels  United States 01910-04-1515 Apr 1910 Special record attempt by the New York AC New York City, United States [4]
4  1:02.4  Bretting , Kurt Kurt Bretting  Germany 01912-04-066 Apr 1912 - Brussels, Belgium [5]
5  1:01.6  Kahanamoku , Duke Duke Kahanamoku  United States 01912-07-2020 Jul 1912 - Hamburg, Germany
6  1:01.4  Kahanamoku , Duke Duke Kahanamoku  United States 01918-08-099 Aug 1918 International exhibition New York City, United States [6]
7  1:00.4  Kahanamoku , Duke Duke Kahanamoku  United States 01920-08-2424 Aug 1920 Olympic Games Antwerp, Belgium
8  58.6  Weissmuller , Johnny Johnny Weissmuller  United States 01922-07-1919 Jul 1922 - Alameda, California, United States
9  57.4  Weissmuller , Johnny Johnny Weissmuller  United States 01924-02-1717 Feb 1924 - Miami, United States
10  56.8  Fick , Peter Peter Fick  United States 01934-03-022 Mar 1934 Yale University Swimming Carnival New Haven, United States [7]
11  56.6  (tt)
 Fick , Peter Peter Fick  United States 01935-03-055 Mar 1935 Yale University Swimming Carnival New Haven, United States [8]
12  56.4  Fick , Peter Peter Fick  United States 01936-02-1111 Feb 1936 Yale Benefit Event for the United States Olympic team New Haven, United States [9]
13  55.9  (tt)
 Ford , Alan Alan Ford  United States 01944-04-1313 Apr 1944 Special record attempt New Haven, United States [10]
14  55.8  Jany , Alex Alex Jany  France 01947-09-1515 Sep 1947 - Menton, France
15  55.4  (tt)
 Ford , Alan Alan Ford  United States 01948-06-2929 Jun 1948 New Haven Swim Club team time trial New Haven, United States [11]
16  54.8  (tt)
 Cleveland , Dick Dick Cleveland  United States 01954-04-011 Apr 1954 AAU Championships New Haven, United States [12]
17  55.4  Henricks , Jon Jon Henricks  Australia 01956-11-3030 Nov 1956 Olympic Games Melbourne, Australia [13]
18  55.2  Devitt , John John Devitt  Australia 01957-01-1919 Jan 1957 New South Wales State Championships Sydney, Australia [14]
19  54.6  Devitt , John John Devitt  Australia 01957-01-2828 Jan 1957 Queensland State Championships Brisbane, Australia [15]
20  54.4  Clark , Steve Steve Clark  United States 01961-08-1818 Aug 1961 Men's NAAA Championships Los Angeles, United States [16]
21  53.6  (tt)
 Santos , Manuel dos Manuel dos Santos  Brazil 01961-09-2020 Sep 1961 Special record attempt by the CR Guanabara Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
22  52.9  Gottvallès , Alain Alain Gottvallès  France 01964-09-1313 Sep 1964 - Budapest, Hungary
22=  52.9  (r)
 Clark , Steve Steve Clark  United States 01964-10-1414 Oct 1964 Olympic Games Tokyo, Japan [17]
23  52.6  Walsh , Ken Ken Walsh  United States 01967-07-2727 Jul 1967 Pan American Games Winnipeg, Canada [18]
23=  52.6  Zorn , Zac Zac Zorn  United States 01968-09-022 Sep 1968 USA Olympic Trials (elec. 52.58) Los Angeles, United States [19]
24  52.2  Wenden , Michael Michael Wenden  Australia 01968-10-1919 Oct 1968 Olympic Games Mexico City, Mexico [20]
25  51.94  (h)
 Spitz , Mark Mark Spitz  United States 01970-08-2323 Aug 1970 AAU Championships Los Angeles, United States [21]
26  51.47  (h)
 Spitz , Mark Mark Spitz  United States 01972-08-055 Aug 1972 USA Olympic Trials Chicago, United States [22]
27  51.22  Spitz , Mark Mark Spitz  United States 01972-09-033 Sep 1972 Olympic Games Munich, West Germany [23]
28  51.12  (h)
 Montgomery , Jim Jim Montgomery  United States 01975-06-2121 Jun 1975 AAU World Championship Trials Long Beach, United States [24]
29  51.11  Coan , Andy Andy Coan  United States 01975-08-033 Aug 1975 An Amateur Athletic Union Region Four meet Fort Lauderdale, United States [25]
30  50.59  (sf)
 Montgomery , Jim Jim Montgomery  United States 01975-08-2323 Aug 1975 AAU Championships Kansas City, United States [26]
31  50.39  (sf)
 Montgomery , Jim Jim Montgomery  United States 01976-07-2424 Jul 1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada [27]
32  49.99  Montgomery , Jim Jim Montgomery  United States 01976-07-2525 Jul 1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada [28]
33  49.44  Skinner , Jonty Jonty Skinner  South Africa 01976-08-1414 Aug 1976 AAU Championships Philadelphia, United States [29]
34  49.36  (tt)
 Gaines , Rowdy Rowdy Gaines  United States 01981-04-033 Apr 1981 Longhorn Invitational Austin, United States
35  49.24  (h)
 Biondi , Matt Matt Biondi  United States 01985-08-066 Aug 1985 USA Summer Nationals Mission Viejo, United States [30]
36  48.95  Biondi , Matt Matt Biondi  United States 01985-08-066 Aug 1985 USA Summer Nationals Mission Viejo, United States [31]
37  48.74  Biondi , Matt Matt Biondi  United States 01986-06-2424 Jun 1986 USA World Championships Trials Orlando, United States [32]
38  48.42  Biondi , Matt Matt Biondi  United States 01988-08-1010 Aug 1988 USA Olympic Trials Austin, United States
39  48.21  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-06-1818 Jun 1994 International Swimming Meeting of Monte Carlo Monte-Carlo, Monaco
40  48.18  (r)
 Klim , Michael Michael Klim  Australia 02000-09-1616 Sep 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia [33]
41  47.84  (sf)
 Hoogenband , Pieter van den Pieter van den Hoogenband  Netherlands 02000-09-1919 Sep 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia [34]
42  47.60  (sf)
 Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02008-03-2121 Mar 2008 European Championships Eindhoven, Netherlands [35]
43  47.50  Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02008-03-2222 Mar 2008 European Championships Eindhoven, Netherlands [36]
44  47.24  (r)
 Sullivan , Eamon Eamon Sullivan  Australia 02008-08-1111 Aug 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China [37]
45  47.20  (sf)
 Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02008-08-1313 Aug 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China [38]
46  47.05  (sf)
 Sullivan , Eamon Eamon Sullivan  Australia 02008-08-1313 Aug 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China
N/A  46.94  Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02009-04-2323 Apr 2009 French National Championships Montpellier, France [39][40]
47  46.91  Cielo , César César Cielo  Brazil 02009-07-3030 Jul 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy [41]

Short course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
WBT  48.20  Gross , Michael Michael Gross  West Germany 01988-02-1111 Feb 1988  ? Offenbach, Germany [42]
[43]
1  47.94  Borges , Gustavo Gustavo Borges  Brazil 01993-07-022 Jul 1993 Brazil Nationals São Paulo, Brazil [44]
2  47.83  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-01-011 Jan 1994 World Cup Hong Kong
3  47.82  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-01-055 Jan 1994 World Cup Beijing, China
4  47.12  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-03-1212 Mar 1994 World Cup Desenzano del Garda, Italy
5  46.74  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-03-1919 Mar 1994 World Cup Gelsenkirchen, Germany
6  46.25  Crocker , Ian Ian Crocker  United States 02004-03-2727 Mar 2004 NCAA Men's Division 1 Championships East Meadow, United States [45]
6=  46.25  Schoeman , Roland Roland Schoeman  South Africa 02005-01-2222 Jan 2005 World Cup Berlin, Germany [46]
7  45.83  Nystrand , Stefan Stefan Nystrand  Sweden 02007-11-1717 Nov 2007 World Cup Berlin, Germany [47]
8  45.69  Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02008-12-077 Dec 2008 French SC Championships Angers, France
9  45.12  (sf)
 Leveaux , Amaury Amaury Leveaux  France 02008-12-1212 Dec 2008 European SC Championships Rijeka, Croatia [48]
10  44.94  Leveaux , Amaury Amaury Leveaux  France 02008-12-1313 Dec 2008 European SC Championships Rijeka, Croatia
↑Jump back a section

Women

Long course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1  1:35.0  Gerstung , Martha Martha Gerstung  Germany 01908-10-1818 Oct 1908 - Magdeburg, Germany
2  1:26.6  Guttenstein , C. C. Guttenstein  Belgium 01910-10-022 Oct 1910 - Schaerbeek, Belgium
3  1:24.6  Curwen , Daisy Daisy Curwen  Great Britain 01911-09-2929 Sep 1911 - Liverpool, United Kingdom
4  1:20.6  Curwen , Daisy Daisy Curwen  Great Britain 01912-06-1010 Jun 1912 - Birkenhead, United Kingdom
5  1:19.8  Durack , Fanny Fanny Durack  Australia 01912-07-099 Jul 1912 Olympic Games Stockholm, Sweden [49]
6  1:18.8  Durack , Fanny Fanny Durack  Australia 01912-07-2121 Jul 1912 - Hamburg, Germany
7  1:16.2  Durack , Fanny Fanny Durack  Australia 01915-02-066 Feb 1915 NSW Ladies' Amateur Championships Sydney, Australia [50]
8  1:14.4  (sf)
 Bleibtrey , Ethelda Ethelda Bleibtrey  United States 01920-08-2323 Aug 1920 Olympic Games Antwerp, Belgium [51]
9  1:13.6  Bleibtrey , Ethelda Ethelda Bleibtrey  United States 01920-08-2525 Aug 1920 Olympic Games Antwerp, Belgium [52]
10  1:12.8  Ederle , Gertrude Gertrude Ederle  United States 01923-06-3030 Jun 1923 - Newark, NJ, United States [53]
11  1:12.2  (h)
 Wehselau , Mariechen Mariechen Wehselau  United States 01924-07-1919 Jul 1924 Olympic Games Paris, France
12  1:10.0  Lackie , Ethel Ethel Lackie  United States 01926-01-2828 Jan 1926 - Toledo, OH, United States [54]
13  1:09.8  Garatti , Eleanor Eleanor Garatti  United States 01929-08-077 Aug 1929 National AAU women's swimming meet Honolulu, Hawaii [55]
14  1:09.4  Osipowich , Albina Albina Osipowich  United States 01929-08-2525 Aug 1929 - San Francisco, CA, United States
15  1:08.0  Madison , Helene Helene Madison  United States 01930-03-1414 Mar 1930 National AAU Women's Indoor Swimming and Diving Championships Miami Beach, FL, United States [56]
16  1:06.6  Madison , Helene Helene Madison  United States 01931-04-2020 Apr 1931 - Boston, MA, United States
17  1:06.0  Ouden , Willy den Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 01933-07-099 Jul 1933 - Antwerp, Belgium
18  1:05.4  Ouden , Willy den Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 01934-02-2424 Feb 1934 - Amsterdam, Netherlands
19  1:04.8  Ouden , Willy den Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 01934-04-1515 Apr 1934 - Rotterdam, Netherlands
20  1:04.6  Ouden , Willy den Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 01936-02-2727 Feb 1936 - Amsterdam, Netherlands
21  1:04.5  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01956-02-2121 Feb 1956 Australian Championships Sydney, Australia [57]
22  1:04.2  Gastelaars , Cocky Cocky Gastelaars  Netherlands 01956-03-033 Mar 1956 - Amsterdam, Netherlands
23  1:04.0  Gastelaars , Cocky Cocky Gastelaars  Netherlands 01956-04-1414 Apr 1956 - Schiedam, Netherlands
24  1:03.3  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01956-08-2525 Aug 1956 Australian Olympic Squad Swimming Carnival Townsville, Australia [58]
25  1:03.2  Crapp , Lorraine Lorraine Crapp  Australia 01956-10-2020 Oct 1956 Australian Olympic Squad Swimming Carnival Sydney, Australia [59]
26  1:02.4  Crapp , Lorraine Lorraine Crapp  Australia 01956-10-2525 Oct 1956 Australian Olympic Trials Melbourne, Australia [60]
27  1:02.0  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01956-12-1111 Dec 1956 Olympic Games Melbourne, Australia [61]
28  1:01.5  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01958-02-1818 Feb 1958 Australian Championships Melbourne, Australia [62]
29  1:01.4  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01958-07-2121 Jul 1958 British Empire & Commonwealth Games Cardiff, United Kingdom [63]
30  1:01.2  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01958-08-1010 Aug 1958 - Schiedam, Netherlands
31  1:00.2  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01960-02-2323 Feb 1960 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [64]
32  1:00.0  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01962-10-2323 Oct 1962 Australian British Empire & Commonwealth Games Trials Melbourne, Australia [65]
33  59.9  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01962-10-2727 Oct 1962 Australian British Empire & Commonwealth Games Trials Melbourne, Australia [66]
34  59.5  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01962-11-2424 Nov 1962 British Empire & Commonwealth Games Perth, Australia [67]
35  58.9  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01964-02-2929 Feb 1964 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [68]
35=  58.9  Gould , Shane Shane Gould  Australia 01971-04-3030 Apr 1971 Coca Cola International London, United Kingdom [69]
36  58.5  Gould , Shane Shane Gould  Australia 01972-01-088 Jan 1972 New South Wales State Championships Sydney, Australia [70]
37  58.25  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01973-07-1313 Jul 1973 GDR Nationals & World Championship Trials East Berlin, East Germany
38  58.12  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01973-08-1818 Aug 1973 - Utrecht, Netherlands
39  57.61  (r)
 Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01973-09-088 Sep 1973 World Championships Belgrade, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
40  57.54  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01973-09-099 Sep 1973 World Championships Belgrade, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
41  57.51  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01974-07-044 Jul 1974 GDR Nationals & European Championship Trials Rostock, East Germany
42  56.96  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01974-08-1919 Aug 1974 European Championships Vienna, Austria
43  56.38  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01975-03-1414 Mar 1975 GDRvURS Duel Dresden, East Germany
44  56.22  (r)
 Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01975-07-2626 Jul 1975 World Championships Cali, Colombia
45  55.73  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01976-06-011 Jun 1976 GDR Olympic Trials East Berlin, East Germany
46  55.65  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01976-07-1919 Jul 1976 Olympic Games Montréal, Canada
47  55.41  Krause , Barbara Barbara Krause  East Germany 01978-07-055 Jul 1978 GDR Nationals & World Championship Trials East Berlin, East Germany
48  54.98  (h)
 Krause , Barbara Barbara Krause  East Germany 01980-07-2020 Jul 1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union
49  54.79  Krause , Barbara Barbara Krause  East Germany 01980-07-2121 Jul 1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union
50  54.73  (r)
 Otto , Kristin Kristin Otto  East Germany 01986-08-1919 Aug 1986 World Championships Madrid, Spain
51  54.48  (h)
 Thompson , Jenny Jenny Thompson  United States 01992-03-011 Mar 1992 USA Olympic Trials Indianapolis, IN, United States [71]
52  54.01  Jingyi Le  China 01994-09-055 Sep 1994 World Championships Rome, Italy [72]
53  53.80  Bruijn , Inge de Inge de Bruijn  Netherlands 02000-05-2828 May 2000 Super Speedo Grand Prix Sheffield, United Kingdom [73]
54  53.77  (sf)
 Bruijn , Inge de Inge de Bruijn  Netherlands 02000-09-2020 Sep 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia [74]
55  53.66  (sf)
 Lenton , Lisbeth Lisbeth Lenton  Australia 02004-03-3131 Mar 2004 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [75]
56  53.52  (sf)
 Henry , Jodie Jodie Henry  Australia 02004-08-1818 Aug 2004 Olympic Games Athens, Greece [76]
57  53.42  (sf)
 Lenton , Lisbeth Lisbeth Lenton  Australia 02006-01-3131 Jan 2006 Australian Championships & Commonwealth Games Trials Melbourne, Australia [77]
58  53.30  Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02006-08-022 Aug 2006 European Championships Budapest, Hungary [78]
59  52.88  Trickett , Lisbeth Lisbeth Trickett  Australia 02008-03-2727 Mar 2008 Australian Championships Sydney, Australia [79]
60  52.85  Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02009-06-2525 Jun 2009 German Championships Berlin, Germany [80]
61  52.56  Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02009-06-2727 Jun 2009 German Championships Berlin, Germany [81]
62  52.22  (r)
 Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02009-07-2626 Jul 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy [82]
63  52.07  Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02009-07-3131 Jul 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy [82]

Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA; yd – set in a pool measured in yards;
Records not set in finals: h – heat; sf – semifinal; r – relay 1st leg; rh – relay heat 1st leg; b – B final; † – en route to final mark; tt – time trial


Short course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1  53.46  Almsick , Franziska van Franziska van Almsick  Germany 01993-01-066 Jan 1993 World Cup Shanghai, China [83]
2  53.33  Almsick , Franziska van Franziska van Almsick  Germany 01993-01-1010 Jan 1993 World Cup Beijing, China [84]
3  53.01  Jingyi Le  China 01993-12-022 Dec 1993 World SC Championships Palma de Mallorca, Spain
4  52.80  Alshammar , Therese Therese Alshammar  Sweden 01999-12-1010 Dec 1999 European SC Championships Lisbon, Portugal [85]
5  52.17  Alshammar , Therese Therese Alshammar  Sweden 02000-03-1717 Mar 2000 World SC Championships Athens, Greece [86][87]
6  51.91  (sf)
 Lenton , Libby Libby Lenton  Australia 02005-08-088 Aug 2005 Australian SC Championships Melbourne, Australia [88]
7  51.70  Lenton , Libby Libby Lenton  Australia 02005-08-099 Aug 2005 Australian SC Championships Melbourne, Australia [89]
8  51.01  Trickett , Libby Libby Trickett  Australia 02009-08-1010 Aug 2009 Australian SC Championships Hobart, Australia [90]

Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: h – heat; sf – semifinal; r – relay 1st leg; rh – relay heat 1st leg; b – B final; † – en route to final mark; tt – time trial


↑Jump back a section

References

  1. ^ "Swimming World Record progression - Men 100 m freestyle" (pdf). International Olympic Committee. 8 July 2004. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. 
  2. ^ "Hi-tech suits banned from January". BBC News. 2009/07/31 16:27:41 GMT. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. 
  3. ^ "The Olympic Games - The 100 metres race". The Times (London: Alfred Harmsworth). 21 July 1908. p. 13. 
  4. ^ "Three swimming records" (pdf). The New York Times. 16 April 1910. p. 13. Retrieved 11 May 2013. 
  5. ^ "The 100 metres record". The Sydney Morning Herald (John Fairfax and Sons). 24 July 1912. p. 9. Retrieved 11 May 2013. 
  6. ^ "Hawaiian swims close to record". The New York Times. 1918-08-10. p. 8. 
  7. ^ "Fick, New York Athletic Club ace, clips swim mark". The New York Times. 1934-03-03. p. 16. 
  8. ^ "18-man Yale swimming team sets record in one-mile relay at New Haven carnival". The New York Times. 1935-03-06. p. 26. 
  9. ^ "Fick breaks record in Yale swim meet". The New York Times. 1936-02-12. p. 28. 
  10. ^ "Ford clips swim record". Associated Press (The New York Times). 1944-04-14. p. 23. 
  11. ^ "Ford clips record for 100 free-style". Associated Press (The New York Times). 1948-06-30. p. 35. 
  12. ^ Werden, Lincoln A (1954-04-02). "Cleveland and Oyakawa set world swim marks at New Haven". The New York Times. p. 33. 
  13. ^ Clarkson, Alan (1956-12-01). "Devitt fails by touch in 100m duel with Henricks". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 15. 
  14. ^ Clarkson, Alan (1957-01-20). "Devitt's new sprint time surpasses Henricks". The Sun-Herald. p. 31. 
  15. ^ "John Devitt shatters three world swim records". The Courier-Mail. 1957-01-29. p. 9. 
  16. ^ "Clark, Stickles set world marks". Associated Press (The New York Times). 1961-08-19. p. 14. 
  17. ^ Wallechinsky, David (1996). "The Complete Book of the Olympics". Aurum Press Limited. p. 642. 
  18. ^ "Miss Meyer and Walsh break world swim records at Winnipeg". The New York Times (Associated Press). 1967-07-28. p. 23. 
  19. ^ Wallechinsky, David (1996). "The Complete Book of the Olympics". Aurum Press Limited. pp. 615–616. 
  20. ^ Webster, Jim (1968-10-28). "Wenden slashes world record". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 1. 
  21. ^ Litsky, Frank (1970-08-24). "Hall, Spitz and Kinsella break world marks as A. A. U. Title swimming ends". The New York Times. p. 46. 
  22. ^ "Spitz wins his fourth event in U. S. Olympic Swim Trails". The New York Times. 1972-08-06. p. 1. 
  23. ^ Amdur, Neil (1972-09-04). "Spitz captures record 6th gold medal". The New York Times. pp. 1 & 9. 
  24. ^ "Shaw shatters record for 1,500-meter swim". The New York Times (AP). 1975-06-22. p. 6 of sports. 
  25. ^ "Coan betters world swim mark". The New York Times (AP). 1975-08-05. p. 18. 
  26. ^ "2 world swim marks broken". The New York Times (AP). 1975-08-24. p. 9 of sports. 
  27. ^ "Naber collects 4th swim gold medals". The New York Times (AP). 1976-07-25. pp. 1 and 6 of sports. 
  28. ^ Amdur, Neil (1976-07-26). "Top feats by Montgomery, Strachan". The New York Times. pp. 15–16. 
  29. ^ Amdur, Neil (1976-08-15). "Skinner swims to mark". The New York Times (UPI). p. 5 of sports. 
  30. ^ "Freestyle Mark Set". The New York Times. 1985-08-07. Retrieved 2007-03-31. 
  31. ^ "Another Mark for Biondi". The New York Times. 1985-08-08. Retrieved 2007-03-31. 
  32. ^ "Best of Biondi". The Times. 1986-06-26. p. 48. 
  33. ^ Lingard, John; Eakins, Bevan (2000-09-17). "We smashed you like guitars!". The Sun-Herald. pp. 8–9. 
  34. ^ Cowley, Michael (2000-09-20). "Hoogie says he's hungry for seconds". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 6 of Olympics. 
  35. ^ "Bernard sets world 100m freestyle record". CNN. 2008-03-21. Retrieved 2008-03-21. 
  36. ^ LC EC 2008 "Official results list". 
  37. ^ 2008 "Beijing olympics website". 
  38. ^ "Bernard of France wins Olympic 100 free". peoplestar.co.uk. 2008-08-13. 
  39. ^ Craig Lord (2009-04-23). "Bernard WR: First Sub-47 Man: 46.94 100 Free". Retrieved 2009-04-23. 
  40. ^ "PR 49 - FINA Approval of World Records". FINA. 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2009-06-24. 
  41. ^ "Cielo is best: Brazilian knocks off France’s Bernard, sets world record in 100 free at worlds". sportsnews. 2009-07-30. 
  42. ^ (scm-m) (French) Sport Notes published by Le Soir (Belgium) on 1993-07-05; retrieved from archive on 2012-03-24.
  43. ^ (scm-m) Borges on top, The World of Swimming, 1993-06-08; retrieved 2012-03-24. Note: This story makes reference to Gross's 48.20 being "the time standard set by FINA in March 1991." (This may be an indication of when FINA started tracking/maintain SCM World records.)
  44. ^ (scm-m) 47.94 segundos en los 100 metros libres (trans: 47.94 in the 100m free), published by the French Press Agency on 1993-07-04; retrieved from the website of El Pais (http://elpais.com) on 2012-03-24. Note: This source mentions that Borges's 47.94 bettered a time of 48.20 swum by Michael Gross.
  45. ^ Wilkerson, William (2004-03-29). "Men's swim team gets third at NCAAs". The Daily Texan. Retrieved 2007-04-05. 
  46. ^ "Neethling smashes world record". 2005-02-15. 
  47. ^ "Pereira sets 200m medley record; Nystrand sets 50 freestyle mark". ESPN. 2007-11-18. Retrieved 2008-04-16. 
  48. ^ "Leveaux sets short-course record in 100 freestyle". International Herald Tribune. 2008-12-12. Retrieved 2008-12-12. 
  49. ^ "Swimming Champion". The Sydney Morning Herald (John Fairfax and Sons). 11 July 1912. p. 12. 
  50. ^ "Ladies' Amateur Championships - Miss Durack establishes new record". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). 8 February 1915. p. 13. Retrieved 10 May 2013. 
  51. ^ Philip, P. J. (24 August 1920). "U.S. Athletes win world's title in Games at Antwerp" (pdf). The New York Times. p. 17. Retrieved 10 May 2013. 
  52. ^ "U.S. mermaids are Olympic winners" (pdf). The New York Times. 26 August 1920. Retrieved 10 May 2013. 
  53. ^ "Miss Ederle stars in swim carnival". The New York Times. 1 July 1923. Retrieved 10 May 2013.  (subscription required)
  54. ^ "Swimmers shatter 3 world's records". The New York Times. AP. 14 March 1930. p. 22 of sports. Retrieved 10 May 2013.  (subscription required)
  55. ^ "Miss Garatti keeps title, sets record". The New York Times. 9 August 1929. Retrieved 10 May 2013.  (subscription required)
  56. ^ "World's Record Set by Miss Holm in National Title Swim". The New York Times. 14 March 1930. p. 22 of sports. Retrieved 10 May 2013.  (subscription required)
  57. ^ "Dawn Fraser sets world record for 100m". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). 22 February 1956. p. 11. 
  58. ^ "World swim times fall". The Sun-Herald (Fairfax Media). 26 August 1956. p. 36. 
  59. ^ Clarkson, Alan (21 October 1956). "Five world times made by Lorraine". The Sun-Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 38. 
  60. ^ Clarkson, Alan (26 October 1956). "World swim time again to Lorraine". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 8. 
  61. ^ Clarkson, Alan (2 December 1956). "3 places again to Australia - Dawn Fraser's swim record". The Sun-Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 43. 
  62. ^ Clarkson, Alan (19 February 1958). "Six world records set in 90 minutes". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 15. 
  63. ^ Special reporter (23 July 1958). "Unbeaten night for Australia in swim events". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). AAP. p. 16. 
  64. ^ Clarkson, Alan (24 February 1960). "Six world times at swimming titles - 3 to Dawn Fraser". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 17. 
  65. ^ Clarkson, Alan (24 October 1962). "Fraser, Berry at world swim times". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 23. 
  66. ^ Clarkson, Alan (28 October 1962). "Champion's world time in 110 yds". The Sun-Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 67. 
  67. ^ Clarkson, Alan (25 November 1962). "Dawn Fraser's shock win to Canadian in 110 yards". The Sun-Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 52. 
  68. ^ Clarkson, Alan (1 March 1964). "Fraser and Berry in great form". The Sun-Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 52. 
  69. ^ "Swim contest a spectacular of records". The Sun-Herald (Fairfax Media). AAP, Reuters. 2 May 1971. p. 107. 
  70. ^ "Shane has done it again". The Sun-Herald (Fairfax Media). 9 January 1972. pp. 1–2. 
  71. ^ Litsky, Frank (2 March 1992). "U.S. woman set 100 freestyle mark". The New York Times. p. 47 of sports. Retrieved 10 May 2013. 
  72. ^ Clarey, Christopher (6 September 1994). "Chinese women continue to pile up the medals and suspicions". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 May 2013. 
  73. ^ Lord, Craig (29 May 2000). "De Bruijn makes waves". The Times. p. 6 of sports. 
  74. ^ Cowley, Michael (22 September 2000). "Dutch royal pair continue their reign over royal". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). p. 6 of Olympics. 
  75. ^ Cowley, Michael (1 April 2004). "Lenton sizzles to 100m world record". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). Retrieved 31 March 2007. 
  76. ^ Cowley, Michael (19 August 2004). "Henry breaks world record in semi-final". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). Retrieved 31 March 2007. 
  77. ^ Saltau, Chloe (1 February 2006). "Henry can only watch as Lenton grabs world record". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). Retrieved 31 March 2007. 
  78. ^ "German lays down gauntlet by beating Lenton's world mark". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). AAP. 4 August 2006. Retrieved 31 March 2007. 
  79. ^ "Two world records broken at Olympic trials". Herald Sun (News Limited). AAP. 27 March 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2008. 
  80. ^ Lord, Craig (25 June 2009). "Britta Steffen Hydrofoils To 52.85 WR 100 Free". SwimNews.com. Retrieved 10 May 2013. 
  81. ^ Lord, Craig (27 June 2009). "Steffen Hydrofoils Once More: 52.56 WR 100m Free". SwimNews.com. Retrieved 10 May 2013. 
  82. ^ a b Lord, Craig (20 December 2009). "World Record Bull Run: The List In Full". SwimNews.com. Retrieved 28 July 2011. 
  83. ^ "Sports Shorts". Associated Press, Xinhua News Agency. 6 January 1993. Retrieved 11 May 2013. 
  84. ^ "Swimming". The Los Angeles Times. Xinhua News Agency. 11 January 1993. Retrieved 11 May 2013. 
  85. ^ "Swimming - European Championships; 2 Swedes set records". The New York Times. 11 December 1999. Retrieved 11 May 2013. 
  86. ^ "Women's 100 m freestyle final results". Omega Timing. 17 March 2000. Retrieved 11 May 2013. 
  87. ^ "Colleges: Swimming; American men set mark in 800 relay". The New York Times. 18 March 2000. Retrieved 11 May 2013. 
  88. ^ "Lenton sets new mark". The Sydney Morning Herald (Fairfax Media). AAP. 8 August 2005. Retrieved 31 March 2007. 
  89. ^ "Lenton's in the pink with world record". The Age (Fairfax Media). AAP. 9 August 2005. Retrieved 31 March 2007. 
  90. ^ "Three WRs fall at short course champs". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 11 August 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2013. 
Freestyle
Backstroke
Breaststroke
Butterfly
Individual medley
Relays
↑Jump back a section

Read in another language

This page is available in 7 languages

Last modified on 11 May 2013, at 01:42