Wikipedia

Wolf-Dietrich Huy

Wolf-Dietrich "Wolfdieter" Huy[Note 1] (2 August 1917 – 13 July 2003) was a former Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.[1]

Wolf-Dietrich Huy
Born(1917-08-02)2 August 1917
Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Died13 July 2003(2003-07-13) (aged 85)
Gernsbach, Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branchBalkenkreuz (Iron Cross) Luftwaffe
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitJG 77
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Career edit

Born on 2 August 1917 in Freiburg im Breisgau, at the time in the Grand Duchy of Baden of the German Empire. Oberleutnant Huy joined Trägergruppe II./186 in July 1939.[2] His first combat claim was a Spitfire on 31 May 1940. On 13 August 1940, Huy was appointed the first Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the newly created 7. Staffel (7th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing).[3]

By early 1941 Huy's Staffel served mainly as a Jaboflieger, flying ground support missions. In preparation for Operation Marita, the Geschwaderstab, II. and III. Gruppe of JG 77 transferred to Deta in western Romania on 1 April 1941, completing the relocation by 4 April.[4] German forces invaded Greece on 6 April.[5]

 
Warspite under attack in the Mediterranean, 1941

During operations against Greece and Crete Huy carried out several successful attacks on shipping in an Bf 109F-4 coded 'White 1', (Werknummer 8334—factory number). III./JG 77 claimed some 34,000 tonnes of shipping sunk, including the 22,000 ton freighter 'Hellas' as well as damaging the Royal Navy cruiser HMS Fiji and a destroyer. On 22 May 1941, Huy led 7. Staffel of JG 77 which attacked the British battleship HMS Warspite between 12:13 and 12:48 during the Battle of Crete. Oberleutnant Huth, Feldwebel Furth and Unteroffizier Pichler each had hit the Warspite and damaged her. The pilots had misidentified the ship and had reported an attack on HMS Valiant.[6][7]

Following the operations in Crete, JG 77 was withdrawn to prepare for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on 22 June 1941, III. Gruppe supported the advance East as part of Army Group South, and scored heavily. Huy was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 5 July 1941, awarded principally for his actions in the Balkans and Crete. The award was presented by Generalleutnant Kurt Pflugbeil.[8]

III./JG 77 served in the Crimea through to early 1942. On 23 January 1942, his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 was damaged in aerial combat resulting in a forced landing at Tarpowka.[9] His opponent may have been the Soviet pilot from 32 IAP,[Note 2] Starshiy Leytenant Mikhail Avdeyev.[10] A Soviet offensive aimed at relieving Sevastopol ensued and Oberleutnant Huy claimed the Gruppe's 600th victory on 11 March, and his thirty-eight victory, but was then mistakenly shot down and wounded by German anti-aircraft fire.

Huy was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 17 March 1942.[11] The presentation was made by Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair, Hitler's headquarters in Rastenburg, present-day Kętrzyn in Poland. Also presented with awards that day by Hitler were Hauptmann Herbert Ihlefeld, who received the Swords to his Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, and Oberleutnant Wolfgang Späte who was also honored with the Oak Leaves.[12]

Following his recovery from the wounds sustained in March, Huy returned to JG 77 on 2 August 1942, again taking command of 7. Staffel.[13]

North Africa and prisoner of war edit

On 23 October 1942, the British Eighth Army launched the Second Battle of El Alamein. Preceding this attack, the Luftwaffe had already planned to replace Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing), which had been fighting in North African theater, with JG 77.[14] In preparation for this rotation, III. Gruppe of JG 77 was moved to Munich on 19 October where it was equipped with the Bf 109 G-2/trop. On 23 and 24 October, the Gruppe moved to Bari in southern Italy.[15] The Gruppe then relocated to Tobruk Airfield on 26 October.[16] The following day, the Gruppe moved to an airfield at Tanyet-Harun.[17]

On 28 October, Huy claimed a Spitfire shot down near El Alamein.[18] On 29 October, Huy was shot down in his Bf 109 G-2 (Werknummer 13633) and baled out.[19] His victor was P/O JH Nicholls (an eventual 7-kill ace) flying a Supermarine Spitfire Vc of No. 601 Squadron. Huy survived the encounter and spent the rest of World War II as a prisoner of war.[20][21] He was held in a POW camp near the Great Bitter Lake and released in March 1947.[22]

Huy died on 13 July 2003 in Gernsbach.[23][22]

Summary of career edit

Aerial victory claims edit

According to Obermaier, Huy was credited with 40 aerial victories, including 37 on the Eastern Front, claimed in over 500 combat missions.[24] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 35 aerial victory claims, plus three further unconfirmed claims. This number of confirmed claims includes 34 on the Eastern Front and one on the Western Front.[25]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 3629". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[26]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Huy did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– Stab II. Gruppe of Trägergruppe 186 –[27]
Battle of France — 11 May – 1 June 1940
1 31 May 1940
—
 Spitfire Dunkirk[28]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[27]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
2 24 June 1941 06:05 ZKB-19 (DB-3)[29] 15?[Note 3] 23 August 1941
—
 SB-2[30]
3 24 June 1941 18:26 SB-2[29] 16 2 October 1941 11:50 I-61 (MiG-3)[31]
4 24 June 1941 18:29 SB-2[29] 17 5 October 1941 11:45 I-61 (MiG-3)[31]
5 26 June 1941 04:38 ZKB-19 (DB-3)[29] 18 9 October 1941 11:40 I-61 (MiG-3) PQ 3629[32]
6 26 June 1941 04:43 I-16[29] 19 16 October 1941 12:40 I-153[32]
7 2 July 1941 05:20 ZKB-19 (DB-3)[33] 20 16 October 1941 12:45 I-153[32]
8 2 July 1941 05:23 ZKB-19 (DB-3)[33]
—
?[Note 4] 		16 October 1941
—
 DB-3[27]
9 23 July 1941 09:30 MiG-3[34] 21 17 October 1941 16:10 I-61 (MiG-3)[35]
10 25 July 1941 19:40 I-153[34] 22 18 October 1941 07:00 I-61 (MiG-3)[35]
11 26 July 1941 09:50 DB-3[34] 23 22 October 1941 11:25 I-16[35]
12 31 July 1941 11:34 I-61 (MiG-3)[34] 24 23 October 1941 16:20 I-15[35]
13 31 July 1941 11:34?[Note 5] I-61 (MiG-3)[34] 25 27 October 1941 12:36 I-15[35]
14?[Note 3] 23 August 1941
—
 SB-2[30]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[27]
Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 11 March 1942
26 26 December 1941 10:59 DB-3[36] 33 15 January 1942 13:25 I-301 (LaGG-3)[37]
27 26 December 1941 11:01 DB-3[36] 34?[Note 6] 15 January 1942
—
 R-5[37]
28 26 December 1941 11:20 DB-3[36] 35 1 March 1942 15:22 I-153 PQ 5673[37]
29 31 December 1941 10:00 DB-3[36] 36 5 March 1942 09:35 MiG-3 PQ 5667[37]
30 31 December 1941 11:28 DB-3[36] 37 5 March 1942 17:15 I-16 PQ 5673[37]
31 6 January 1942 12:05 DB-3[37] 38?[Note 3] 11 March 1942 14:45 I-16[38]
32 15 January 1942 13:20 I-301 (LaGG-3)[37]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[27]
Eastern Front — 2 August – 16 October 1942
39 16 September 1942 07:44 Yak-1 PQ 00282[39]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[27]
North Africa — 26–29 October 1942
40?[Note 6] 28 October 1942
—
 Spitfire El Alamein[40]

Awards edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ According to his wife his first name is spelled Wolfdieter.
  2. ^ IAP—Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk (Fighter Aviation Regiment—Истребительный Авиационный Полк)
  3. ^ a b c This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[27]
  4. ^ This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[32]
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:35.[27]
  6. ^ a b According to Mathews and Foreman this claim was unconfirmed.[27]
  7. ^ According to Thomas on 21 January 1941, and according to Obermaier on 23 January 1942.[41][24]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
  2. ^ Stockert 2012, p. 386.
  3. ^ Prien 1995, p. 2375.
  4. ^ Prien 1992, pp. 485, 487.
  5. ^ Prien 1992, p. 491.
  6. ^ Prien 1992, p. 595.
  7. ^ Shores & Cull 2008, p. 357.
  8. ^ Page 2020, p. 70.
  9. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 325.
  10. ^ Mellinger 2012.
  11. ^ Stockert 2012, p. 388.
  12. ^ Page 2020, p. 98.
  13. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 346.
  14. ^ Prien 1994, p. 1293.
  15. ^ Prien 1994, p. 1296.
  16. ^ Prien 1994, p. 1298.
  17. ^ Prien 1994, p. 1301.
  18. ^ Prien 1994, p. 1304.
  19. ^ Prien et al. 2004, p. 333.
  20. ^ Scutts 1994, p. 54.
  21. ^ Shores, Massimello & Guest 2014, p. 412.
  22. ^ a b Stockert 2012, p. 389.
  23. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 568.
  24. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 49.
  25. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 568–569.
  26. ^ Planquadrat.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 569.
  28. ^ Prien et al. 2000, p. 396.
  29. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2003, p. 362.
  30. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 368.
  31. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 371.
  32. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2003, p. 372.
  33. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 363.
  34. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2003, p. 365.
  35. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2003, p. 373.
  36. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2005, p. 322.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2005, p. 323.
  38. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 324.
  39. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 354.
  40. ^ Prien et al. 2004, p. 331.
  41. ^ a b c Thomas 1997, p. 316.
  42. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 108.
  43. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 412.
  44. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 239.
  45. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 59.

Bibliography edit

  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
  • Mellinger, George (2012). Yakovlev Aces of World War 2. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78200-553-7.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Page, Neil (2020). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe 1939–42. Philadelphia, PA: Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-61200-849-3.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen (1992). Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 1—1934–1941 [History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 1—1934–1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-19-9.
  • Prien, Jochen (1994). Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 3—1942–1943 [History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 3—1942–1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-26-7.
  • Prien, Jochen (1995). Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 4—1944–1945 [History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 4—1944–1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-29-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2000). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 [Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940] (in German). Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-61-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-70-0.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis Dezember 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-74-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-78-6.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
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  • Shores, Christopher F.; Massimello, Giovanni; Guest, Russell (2014). A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945: North African Desert: February 1942 – March 1943. Vol. Two. London, UK: Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-909166-12-7.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Stockert, Peter (2012) [1996]. Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1] (in German) (4th ed.). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. ISBN 978-3-9802222-7-3.
  • Thomas, Franz (1997). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.
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