Walter T. Brown (born August 1937) is a young Earth creationist, who is the director of his own ministry called the Center for Scientific Creation. The Skeptic's Dictionary considers him to be one of the leaders of the creation science movement.[1] He proposes a specific version of flood geology called the Hydroplate Theory. He is a retired army officer with a degree in mechanical engineering.
Biography edit
Brown has a B.S. from West Point, a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (1967),[2] and he served as an officer in the United States military until he retired in 1980.[3]
Since retiring from the military, Brown has been the director of his "Center for Scientific Creation" and has done his own research, writing, and speaking on origins theory.[3] In 1998, Brown was appointed to a committee reviewing Arizona's state science standards. Evolution was retained in the Arizona state science standards after a final decision in August 1998.[4][5]
Creationist theory edit
In Brown's In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood he suggests evidence against evolution and for creation science and flood geology (including hydroplates). It is divided into three sections, the first of which explores discoveries made by scientists that do not fit the theory of evolution.[6] The second section outlines various alternate explanations to geological and astronomical subjects such as the mid-oceanic ridge and comets, which Brown states evolutionary science cannot explain. The final section presents a variety of other questions encountered in the creation–evolution controversy.
In 1989, the Creation/Evolution journal of the National Center for Science Education published a critique of Brown's theory. Jim Lippard, graduate student of philosophy begins with a criticism focusing primarily on fossil evidence of human evolution.[7] Brown addressed several of Lippard's points in his response,[8] and three further articles were printed: Lippard,[9] Brown,[10] and ending with Lippard, where he asserts that Brown made serious errors, including using "mistaken claims about what others have written."[11] The series of articles does not discuss Brown's hydroplates, apart from Brown's claim that Lippard "dismisses or ignores the bulk of the book and specifically addresses only a very small fraction of its substance."[10]
Robert T. Pennock has described Brown's position as being typical, other than the unique feature of his hydroplates hypothesis, of young-earth creationist's explaining all major terrestrial features in terms of a catastrophic Biblical flood.[12]
Hydroplate theory edit
The most distinctive feature of Brown's theories, compared to other creationist theories, are the hydroplates. He claims that, prior to the Flood of Noah, there was an enormous amount of water underneath the crust of the Earth, and that this water pressurizing, shattering the crust, and breaking it into plates was both part of the Flood and created the continental plates that mainstream geology associates with plate tectonics. Because the plates are, in this theory, formed by the action of water, he calls them "hydroplates" and gives their name to the theory.[13]
Reception edit
Walt Brown has had contentious relations with other creationist organizations.[14][15] The young earth creationist organization, Answers in Genesis has a standing offer to Brown to publish some of his material in their journals[16] but Brown has declined.[15] The old earth creationist organization, Answers in Creation has published material rebutting Brown's hydroplate theory.[17] The Christian American Scientific Affiliation website features a video critical of Brown's video "God's Power and Scripture's Authority" by Steven H. Schimmrich of Kutztown University.[18]
Brown has stated that no "evolutionist" will publicly debate with him,[19] but has been accused by opponents of complicating such debates.[15][20][21] An abortive attempt at such a debate was held in 1989 and 1990 in the pages of Creation/Evolution, the National Center for Science Education journal, before Brown refused to continue.[11] Joe Meert of Gondwana Research, a journal promoting research related to the origin and evolution of continents, alleges he "signed a contract" for such a debate with Brown in 2000. He claims Brown disputed the terms of the contract and it did not take place.[22] Brown stated on his website that the actual reason for the debate not taking place was that the Meert wanted to add religion and since Dr. Brown is not a theologian, he wanted the debate to be strictly science.[23] According to Georgia State University biology professor Fred K. Parrish, who afterwards claimed he was "tricked" into an April 1985 public debate with Brown, claims Brown has a set of preconditions (such as Brown speaks first, the debate moderator sits on his side, and all debate material would be scientific, not religious in nature).[24]
Bibliography edit
- In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood, Center for Scientific Creation (8th edn ISBN 1-878026-09-7).
References edit
- ^ Carroll, Robert Todd (August 15, 2003). "Creationism and creation science". The Skeptics Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions (1st ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-27242-6.
- ^ Brown, Walter T. (Walter Tarleton), 1937-. "A study of flow surface boiling.", Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1967, URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14784
- ^ a b "About the Author," Center for Scientific Creation, In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood (7th ed.) Retired Air Force full colonel, West Pont graduate, and former Army Ranger and Paratrooper.(online edition). Accessed 27 December 2007. ISBN 1-932307-22-2
- ^ Evolution education now added to state high school standards, Jayson Peters Arizona State University State Press, Aug. 25, 1998
- ^ Steve Rissing. "Evolution Included Into the Arizona Science Standards". ACEPT Newsletter, Volume 3 Spring 1999. Archived from the original on May 15, 2001. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
- ^ CreationScience.com – 5. Natural Selection
- ^ Lippard, Jim (Fall 1989). "An Examination of the Research of Creationist Walter Brown". Vol. 9, no. 25. National Center for Science Education Creation/Evolution Journal. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ Brown, Walter T. Jr. (Fall 1989). "Brown Responds to Lippard". Vol. 9, no. 25. National Center for Science Education Creation/Evolution Journal. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ Lippard, Jim (Winter 1989–1990). "A Further Examination of the Research of Walter Brown". Vol. 9, no. 26. National Center for Science Education Creation/Evolution Journal. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ a b Brown, Walter T. Jr. (Winter 1989–1990). "A Second Response to Jim Lippard". Vol. 9, no. 26. National Center for Science Education Creation/Evolution Journal. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ a b Lippard, Jim (Summer 1990). "A Final Response to Walter Brown". Vol. 10, no. 27. National Center for Science Education Creation/Evolution Journal. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ Pennock, Robert T. (February 28, 2000). Tower of Babel: The Evidence Against the New Creationism. The MIT Press. p. 13. ISBN 0-262-66111-X.
- ^ Brown, Walt. "In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood". Center for Scientific Creation. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ talkorigins.org Walter Brown's Debate Offer
- ^ a b c More on Walter Brown's debate offer, Jim Foley, TalkOrigins, September 30, 2004
- ^ Maintaining Creationist Integrity: A response to Kent Hovind, Carl Wieland, Ken Ham and Jonathan Sarfati, Creation Ministries International website, 11 October 2002 updated 16 December 2002 and 2 August 2006
- ^ Creation Science Rebuttals: Center for Scientific Creationism Walter Brown's Hydroplate Model, Glenn R. Morton, Answers in Creation website, copyright 2003
- ^ Re: Walter Brown Jr. Video, Steven Schimmrich, American Scientific Affiliation, March 9, 1998
- ^ The Global Flood as You've Never Seen It, Christian Broadcasting Network News, 30 November 2007. Accessed 27 December 2007.
- ^ Fossil Hominids: Response to In the Beginning, Jim Foley, TalkOrigins website, February 21, 2002
- ^ Claim CA342, Mark Isaak, Index to Creationist Claims, TalkOrigins, Copyright © 2004
- ^ Walt Brown's Pseudochallenge, Joe Meert, Gondwana Research website, updated March 26, 2006
- ^ Center for Scientific Creation - Written Debate
- ^ I Was Suckered Into A Debate—And Survived!, Fred K. Parrish, Creation/Evolution, XXII, 1988.