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User:Victar/Haplogroup J1c3 (Y-DNA)

< User:Victar
Haplogroup J1c3 - formerly j1e
Possible time of origin9,000 to 10,000 BP[citation needed]
Possible place of originMiddle East
AncestorJ1c
DescendantsJ1c3a, J1c3b, J1c3c, J1c3d
Defining mutationsP58/Page8
Highest frequenciesSemites

In human genetics, Haplogroup J1c3 (P58) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subdivision of haplogroup J1c. It was known as J1e until February 2010, when a number of mutations were discovered in the J1 tree that made a change in nomenclature necessary.

Origin edit

A 2009 study concluded that the haplogroup had a more Northern origin than previously thought. According to this article, the origin of J1c3 is likely to have been in "a geographical zone, including northeast Syria, northern Iraq and eastern Turkey", spreading southward and towards the Mediterranean. Moreover, the network analysis of J1c3 haplotypes shows that some of the populations with low diversity, such as Bedouins from Israel, Qatar, Sudan and UAE, are tightly clustered near high-frequency haplotypes suggesting founder effects with "star burst" expansion in the Arabian Desert.[1] The overall conclusion of the study was that that J1c3 spread with pastoral nomads who would migrate based on rainfall patterns from the Zagros and Taurus mountains to the Levant, with the first such migrations occurring during the neolithic period.

Subclades edit

  • J1c3 P58 - formerly J1e
    • J1c3* -
    • J1c3a M367.1, M368.1 - formerly J1e1
    • J1c3b M369 - formerly J1e2
    • J1c3c L92, L93
    • J1c3d L147.1
      • J1c3d* -
      • J1c3d1 L174.1
      • J1c3d2 L222.2 formerly J1c3d1
        • J1c3d2* - formerly J1c3d1*
          • J1c3d2a L65.2/S159.2 formerly J1c3d1a

The P58 marker which defines subgroup J1c3 was first identified by Karafet et al. in 2008.[2] From early commercial testing, it appears that its associated Y-STR haplotype range spans many of the haplotypes associated with haplogroup J1, and that the majority of the members of haplogroup J1 will belong to this subgroup, with some smaller P58-negative groups.

J1c3d edit

The expansion of Haplogroup J1c3d is closely tied to the expansion of the Semitic languages, they themselves both linked to the expansion of herder–hunters moving into the arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula.[1], which is both consistent with J1c3d's age estimate and its parent clade's place of highest diversity.

Frequency edit

Population Sample size J-L147.1
Palestinian 4 1.4%1
Bedouin 0 0.0%1
Cohanim 25 8.2%1
Moslem Arabs 18.5%2
Notes edit
1.^ J-M267 DYS388=17 YCAII=22-22.[3]
2.^ J DYS19=14, DYS388=17, DYS390=23, DYS391=11, DYS392=11.[4]

Frequency edit

Population/Region Sample size J-P58
Middle East >70%2[4]
North Africa >90%2[4]
Cohanim 215 46%1[5]
Israelites 737 13.9%1[5]
Yemenis 67%1[5]
Jordanians 55%1[5]
Iranian Arab 46 23.9%1[6]
Bakhtiari 46 10.9%3[6]
South Talysh 18 11.1%3[6]
Gilaki 43 7%3[6]
Mazandarani 46 4.4%3[6]
North Talysh 43 16.3%3[6]
Arab (Morocco) 49 10.3%
Arab (Morocco) 44 13.6%
Berber (Morocco) 64 6.3%
Berber (Morocco) 103 7.8%
Saharawish (North Africa) 29 17.2%
Algerian 20 35.5%
Tunisian 73 30.1%
Tunisian 73 30.1%
Ethiopian (Amhara) 48 33.3%
Ethiopian (Oromo) 78 2.6%
Iraqi 156 28.2%
Lebanese 40 10%

Notes edit

1.^ J-P58.
2.^ J-M267 YCAII 22-22.
3.^ J-M267 DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a, DYS385b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and GATA H4

Arabian Plate edit

Haplogroup J1c3, defined by the P58 marker is most frequent in Yemen-Saudi (65%) It is also very common among other Arabs such as those of the Levant, i.e. Palestinian (38.5%), Syria (30%), Lebanon (25%). In Jewish populations, J1c3 constitutes 30% of the Yemenite Jews, 20.0% of Ashkenazi results, and 12% of Sephardi results.[4][7]

North Africa edit

In North Africa, J1c3 first entered Ethiopia in the Neolithic and is common among Semitic speakers, with a frequency of 33.3% among Amharas in Semino et al. 2004. It spread later to North Africa in historic times (as identified by the motif YCAIIa22-YCAIIb22; Algerians 35.0%, Tunisians 31%), where it became something like a marker of the Arab expansion in the early medieval period.[4] Haplogroup J1 may be found in as many as 20% of Egyptian males,[8] with the frequency of this haplogroup tending to be comparatively high in the south of the country. Arredi et al. report Haplogroup J, apart from Haplogroup J2, in 4 out of 44 men tested (9.1%) from a sample of Egyptians from the vicinity of Mansoura in northern Egypt, and 6/29 = 20.7% of a sample of Egyptians from the vicinity of Luxor in southern Egypt.[9]

Eurasian Plate edit

The frequency of Haplogroup J1c3 collapses suddenly at the borders of Arabic speaking countries [citation needed] with mainly non-Arabic speaking countries, such as Iran (10.40%)[10] and Turkey (9%).[11] The distribution of J1 outside of the Middle East is associated with Middle Eastern traders of the Neolithic who settled in Europe. It is also seen in the Black sea region of Turkey as well as in Dagestan, Russia in the Caucasus.[1] In a study of 259 men of minorities from Iran and Azerbaijan (Roewer2009), 17-marker STR haplotypes resembling those typical for J1c3 were found in Iranian Arabs at 23.9%, and 10.9% in nearby Bakhtiaris. North Talysh (now part of Azerbaijan) had an incidence of 16.3. 11.1% in South Talysh, 7.0% in Gilaki and 4.4% in Mazandarani.[6]

Cohanim edit

A further study published in 2009 found new markers and better defined J1c3*(J-P58*). The researchers demonstrated that

46.1% of Cohanim carry Y chromosomes belonging to a single paternal lineage (J-P58*) that likely originated in the Near East well before the dispersal of Jewish groups in the Diaspora. Support for a Near Eastern origin of this lineage comes from its high frequency in our sample of Bedouins, Yemenis (67%), and Jordanians (55%) and its precipitous drop in frequency as one moves away from Saudi Arabia and the Near East (Fig. 4). Moreover, there is a striking contrast between the relatively high frequency of J-58* in Jewish populations (»20%) and Cohanim (»46%) and its vanishingly low frequency in our sample of non- Jewish populations that hosted Jewish diaspora communities outside of the Near East.[5]

According to Yunusbayev et al. 2006: "Overall, our results corroborate the initially suggested genetic contribution of Middle Eastern populations to Caucasus populations".[12]

One group which appears to systematically test negative for P58 is the J1 cluster in which the Y-STR marker DYS388 has a low value of 13, indicating that this branch of J1 appears to be descended from a distinct population group. Attention was first drawn to this group in 2003, in "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia," by Cinnioglu et al, who stated,

"Haplogroup J1-M267 occurs at 9% frequency and is also uniformly distributed across Turkey...with the exception of eight samples localized to the northern geographic periphery that all have an unusual “short” 13 repeat DYS388 allele... We propose that this subset of J1 lineages have a unique heritage.... These peculiar chromosomes distribute along the northern tier of Turkey. While this lineage has not been observed in Greece, it has been detected in Georgia (Semino, unpublished results), suggesting Black Sea coastal gene flow."[13]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Chiaroni, Jacques; King, Roy J.; Myres, Natalie M.; Henn, Brenna M.; Mitchell, Michael J.; Boetsch, Gilles; Sheikha, Issa; Lin, Alice A.; Nik-Ahd, Mahnoosh; Ahmad, Jabeen; Lattanzi, Francesca; Herrera, Rene J.; Ibrahim, Muntaser E.; Brody, Aaron; Semino, Ornella; Kivisild, Toomas; Underhill, Peter A. (2010). "The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (3): 348–353. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.166. PMC 2987219. PMID 19826455.
  2. ^ New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree, Genome Res. 2008 18: 830-838, http://www.volgagermanbrit.us/documents/Genome2008.pdf, Supplementary Data (Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree)http://ycc.biosci.arizona.edu/new_binary_polymorphism/supplementary_data/Y-Chromosome%20Phylogenetic%20Tree.pdf
  3. ^ Tofanelli, Sergio; Ferri, Gianmarco; Bulayeva, Kazima; Laura, Caciagli; Taglioli, Luca; Bulayev, Oleg; Boschi, Ilaria; Alù, Milena; Berti, Andrea; Rapone, Cesare; Beduschi, Giovanni; Luiselli, Donata; Cadenas, Alicia M.; Awadelkarim, Khalid Dafaallah; Mariani-Costantini, Renato; Elwali, Nasr Eldin; Fabio, Verginelli; Pilli, Elena; Herrera, Rene J.; Gusmão, Leonor; Paoli, Giorgio; Capelli, Cristian (2009). "J1-M267 Y lineage marks climate-driven pre-historical human displacements" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 17 (11): 1520–1524. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.58. PMC 2986692. PMID 19367321.
  4. ^ a b c d e Semino; Magri, Chiara; Benuzzi, Giorgia; Lin, Alice A.; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Battaglia, Vincenza; MacCioni, Liliana; Triantaphyllidis, Costas; Shen, Peidong; et al. (2004), "Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area", American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 1023–1034, doi:10.1086/386295, PMC 1181965, PMID 15069642 {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  5. ^ a b c d e Hammer, Michael F.; Behar, Doron M.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Mendez, Fernando L.; Hallmark, Brian; Erez, Tamar; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Rosset, Saharon; Skorecki, Karl (2009-08-08). "Extended Y chromosome haplotypes resolve multiple and unique lineages of the Jewish priesthood". Hum Genet. 126 (5). Springer: 707–717. doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0727-5. PMC 2771134. PMID 19669163. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771134/ or http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771134/pdf/439_2009_Article_727.pdf
  6. ^ a b c d e f g http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(09)00082-9/abstract A Y-STR database of Iranian and Azerbaijanian minority populations. Roewer L, Willuweit S, Stoneking M, Nasidze I. - Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2009 Dec;4(1):e53-5. Epub 2009 Jun 5.
  7. ^ Shen; Lavi, Tal; Kivisild, Toomas; Chou, Vivian; Sengun, Deniz; Gefel, Dov; Shpirer, Issac; Woolf, Eilon; Hillel, Jossi; et al. (2004), "Reconstruction of Patrilineages and Matrilineages of Samaritans and Other Israeli Populations From Y-Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation" (PDF), Human Mutation, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 248–260, doi:10.1002/humu.20077, PMID 15300852 {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  8. ^ Luis, J; Rowold, D; Regueiro, M; Caeiro, B; Cinnioglu, C; Roseman, C; Underhill, P; Cavallisforza, L; Herrera, R; et al. (2004), "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations" (PDF), American Journal of Human Genetics, 74 (3): 532–544, doi:10.1086/382286, PMC 1182266, PMID 14973781 {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |last1= (help). (Also see Errata)
  9. ^ Arredi, B; Poloni, E; Paracchini, S; Zerjal, T; Fathallah, D; Makrelouf, M; Pascali, V; Novelletto, A; Tylersmith, C; et al. (2004), "A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in North Africa", American Journal of Human Genetics, 75 (2): 338–345, doi:10.1086/423147, PMC 1216069, PMID 15202071 {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |last1= (help)
  10. ^ 17 out of 150, Regueiro, M.; Cadenas, A.M.; Gayden, T.; Underhill, P.A.; Herrera, R.J.; et al. (2006), "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration" (PDF), Hum Hered, 61 (3): 132–143, doi:10.1159/000093774, PMID 16770078 {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |last1= (help)
  11. ^ 47 out of 523, Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia, Cinnioglu et al. 2004
  12. ^ Yunusbayev B, Kutuev I, Khusainova R, Guseinov G, Khusnutdinova E (August 2006). "Genetic structure of Dagestan populations: a study of 11 Alu insertion polymorphisms". Hum. Biol. 78 (4): 465–76. doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0059. PMID 17278621.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia, Cinnioglu et al. 2004

External links edit


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