User:KC Panchal/Sandbox/Skeletal muscles

Muscles of Upper limb

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Vertebral column and thoracic walls

Vertebral column

Thoracic wall

Latissimus dorsi muscle Details Origin spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs Insertion floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus Artery subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery Nerve thoracodorsal nerve (C6 - C8) Actions pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally Antagonist deltoid, trapezius Anatomical terms of muscle Trapezius Details Origin arises, down the midline, from the external occipital protuberance, the nuchal ligament, the medial part of the superior nuchal line, and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7-T12 Insertion at the shoulders, into the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion process, and into the spine of the scapula Artery transverse cervical artery Nerve major nerve supply is the cranial nerve XI. Cervical nerves C3 and C4 receive information about pain in this muscle Actions retraction of scapula Antagonist Serratus anterior muscle, Latissimus Dorsi Anatomical terms of muscle Rhomboid major muscle Details Origin spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae Insertion medial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle Artery dorsal scapular artery Nerve dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) Actions Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. Antagonist Serratus anterior muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Rhomboid minor muscle Details Origin nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7 to T1 vertebrae Insertion medial border of the scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle Artery dorsal scapular artery Nerve dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) Actions Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. Antagonist Serratus anterior muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Levator scapulae muscle Details Origin Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae Insertion Superior part of medial border of scapula Artery dorsal scapular artery Nerve cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) Actions Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula Anatomical terms of muscle

Pectoralis major muscle Details Origin Kank: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages, and the Insertion intertubercular groove of the humerus Artery pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk Nerve lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve Clavicular head: C5 and C6 Sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1 Actions Clavicular head: flexes the humerus Sternocostal head: extends the humerus As a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Anatomical terms of muscle Pectoralis minor muscle Details Origin medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula Insertion 3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages Artery Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk Nerve Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1) Actions It stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall. Anatomical terms of muscle Subclavius muscle Details Origin first rib Insertion subclavian groove of clavicle Artery thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch Nerve nerve to subclavius Actions depression of clavicle Anatomical terms of muscle Serratus anterior (boxer muscle) Details Origin fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs Insertion costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula Artery lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part) Nerve long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, 6, 7) Actions protracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward rotation. Antagonist Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Trapezius Anatomical terms of muscle

Shoulder with rotator cuff

Shoulder

Rotator cuff

Deltoid muscle Details Origin clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula Insertion deltoid tuberosity of humerus Artery primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery Nerve Axillary nerve Actions shoulder abduction, flexion and extension Antagonist Latissimus dorsi Anatomical terms of muscle Teres major muscle Details Origin posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula Insertion medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus Artery Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries Nerve Lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6) Actions Internal rotation of the humerus Anatomical terms of muscle

Supraspinatus muscle Details Origin supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus Artery suprascapular artery Nerve suprascapular nerve Actions abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus Anatomical terms of muscle Infraspinatus muscle Details Origin infraspinous fossa of the scapula Insertion middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus Artery suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries Nerve suprascapular nerve Actions Lateral rotation of arm & Abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus Anatomical terms of muscle Teres minor muscle Details Origin lateral border of the scapula Insertion inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus Artery lateral circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery Nerve axillary nerve Actions laterally rotates and adducts the arm Anatomical terms of muscle Subscapularis muscle Details Origin subscapular fossa Insertion lesser tubercle of humerus Artery transverse cervical artery, subscapular artery Nerve upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6) Actions rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder Anatomical terms of muscle

Arm

Anterior compartment of the arm

Posterior compartment of the arm

Coracobrachialis muscle Details Origin coracoid process of scapula Insertion medial humerus Artery brachial artery Nerve musculocutaneous nerve Actions adducts humerus Anatomical terms of muscle Biceps brachii muscle Details Origin short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle Insertion radial tuberosity Artery brachial artery Nerve Musculocutaneous nerve (C5–C7) Actions flexes elbow and supinates forearm Antagonist Triceps brachii muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Brachialis muscle Details Origin anterior surface of the humerus, particularly the distal half of this bone Insertion coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna Artery radial recurrent artery Nerve musculocutaneous nerve Actions flexion at elbow joint Anatomical terms of muscle

Triceps brachii muscle Details Origin long head: scapula lateral head: posterior humerus medial head: posterior humerus Insertion olecranon process of ulna Artery deep brachial artery Nerve radial nerve Actions extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder Antagonist Biceps brachii muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Anconeus muscle Details Origin lateral epicondyle of the humerus proximally Insertion lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna distally Artery deep brachial artery, recurrent interosseous artery Nerve radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1) Actions It is partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm. It also stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation. Anatomical terms of muscle

Forearm

Anterior compartment of the forearm

Superficial

Deep

Pronator teres muscle Details Origin humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna Insertion radius Artery ulnar artery and radial artery Nerve median nerve Actions pronation of forearm, flexes elbow Antagonist Supinator muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Palmaris longus muscle Details Origin medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) Insertion palmar aponeurosis Artery ulnar artery Nerve median nerve Actions wrist flexor Antagonist Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi ulnaris Anatomical terms of muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle Details Origin medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) Insertion Bases of second and third metacarpal bones Artery ulnar artery Nerve Median nerve Actions Flexion and abduction at wrist Antagonist Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Details Origin medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon) Insertion pisiform Artery ulnar artery Nerve muscular branches of ulnar nerve Actions flexion of wrist Antagonist Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Details Origin median epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) as well as parts of the radius and ulna. Insertion phalanges Artery ulnar artery Nerve median nerve Actions flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints) Antagonist Extensor digitorum muscle Anatomical terms of muscle

Pronator quadratus muscle Details Origin medial, anterior surface of the ulna Insertion lateral, anterior surface of the radius Artery anterior interosseous artery Nerve median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) Actions pronates the forearm Antagonist Supinator muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Details Origin ulna Insertion distal phalanges Artery anterior interosseous artery Nerve median (anterior interosseous), muscular branches of ulnar Actions flex hand, interphalangeal joints Antagonist Extensor digitorum muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle Details Origin The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally a small origin slightly on the medial epicondyle of the ulna.) Insertion The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb Artery Anterior interosseus artery Nerve Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) (C8, T1) Actions Flexion of the thumb. Antagonist Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Anatomical terms of muscle

Posterior compartment of the forearm

Posterior compartment of the forearm—Superficial

Superficial

Superficial—mobile wad

Extensor digitorum muscle Details Origin lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) Insertion 2nd and 3rd phalanges Nerve posterior interosseous nerve Actions extension of hand and fingers Antagonist Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Extensor digiti minimi muscle Details Origin the anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor tendon) Insertion at the extensor expansion, located at the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger on the dorsal side Artery the posterior interosseous artery which originates from the common interosseous artery and more proximally, the ulnar artery Nerve posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8) Actions extends the little finger at all joints Antagonist Flexor digiti minimi brevis Anatomical terms of muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Details Origin Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle), ulna Insertion 5th metacarpal Artery ulnar artery Nerve the posterior interosseus nerve, a branch of the radial nerve Actions extends and adducts the wrist Antagonist Flexor carpi ulnaris Anatomical terms of muscle

Brachioradialis muscle Details Origin Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus Insertion Distal radius (Radial styloid process) Artery radial recurrent artery Nerve radial nerve Actions Flexion of forearm Anatomical terms of muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Details Origin lateral supracondylar ridge Insertion 2nd metacarpal Artery radial artery Nerve radial nerve Actions extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist Antagonist Flexor carpi radialis muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Details Origin humerus at the anterior of lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) Insertion base of the 3rd metacarpal Artery radial artery Nerve deep branch of the radial nerve Actions extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint Antagonist Flexor carpi radialis muscle Anatomical terms of muscle

Posterior compartment of the forearm—Deep

Deep

Deep—Anatomical snuff box

Supinator muscle Details Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament (elbow), annular ligament Insertion Lateral proximal radial shaft Artery radial recurrent artery Nerve Posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve Actions supinates forearm Antagonist Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus Anatomical terms of muscle Extensor indicis proprius Details Origin ulna Insertion index finger (extensor hood) Nerve posterior interosseous nerve Actions extends index finger, wrist Anatomical terms of muscle

Abductor pollicis longus muscle Details Origin ulna, radial styloid process Insertion first metacarpal Nerve Posterior interosseous nerve Actions abduction, extension of thumb Antagonist Adductor pollicis muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Details Origin radius Insertion thumb, proximal phalanx Artery posterior interosseous artery Nerve posterior interosseous Actions extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint Antagonist Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Extensor pollicis longus muscle Details Origin ulna Insertion thumb, distal phalanx Nerve posterior interosseus nerve (branching from the radial nerve) Actions extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal) Antagonist Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Anatomical terms of muscle

Muscles of the hand

Lateral volar and thenar eminence

Lateral volar

Lateral volar—Thenar eminence

Adductor pollicis muscle Details Origin Transverse head: anterior body of the third metacarpal Oblique head: bases of the second and the third metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones Insertion medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid Nerve deep branch of the ulnar nerve (T1) Actions adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint Antagonist Abductor pollicis longus muscle, Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Anatomical terms of muscle

Opponens pollicis muscle Details Origin trapezium and transverse carpal ligament Insertion metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side Nerve median nerve Anatomical terms of muscle Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Details Origin trapezoid, flexor retinaculum Insertion thumb, proximal phalanx Nerve median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) Actions Flexes the thumb at the first metacarpophalangeal joint Antagonist Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Details Origin Transverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and trapezium Insertion Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors Nerve Median nerve Actions Abduction of the thumb by acting across the carpometacarpal joint and the metacarpophalangeal joint. It also assists in opposition and extension of the thumb. Antagonist Adductor pollicis muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Opponens pollicis muscle Details Origin trapezium and transverse carpal ligament Insertion metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side Nerve median nerve Actions Flexion of the thumb's metacarpal at the first carpometacarpal joint, which aids in opposition of the thumb Anatomical terms of muscle

Medial volar and hypothenar eminence

Meidal volar

Meidal volar—Hypothenar eminence

Palmaris brevis muscle Details Origin flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis Insertion palm Nerve superficial branch of ulnar nerve Actions wrinkle skin of palm Anatomical terms of muscle

Opponens digiti minimi muscle Details Origin Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Insertion Medial border of 5th metacarpal Artery ulnar artery Nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) Actions Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb Anatomical terms of muscle Flexor digiti minimi brevis Details Origin hamate bone Insertion little finger Artery ulnar artery Nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve Actions flexes little finger Antagonist Extensor digiti minimi muscle Anatomical terms of muscle Abductor minimi digiti muscle (hand) Details Origin pisiform Insertion base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side Artery ulnar artery Nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve Anatomical terms of muscle

Intermediate volar and interossei

Intermediate volar

Interossei

Lumbricals of the hand Details Origin flexor digitorum profundus Insertion extensor expansion Artery superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery Nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve Actions flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints Anatomical terms of muscle

Dorsal interossei of the hand Details Origin metacarpals Insertion proximal phalanges Artery Dorsal metacarpal artery and palmar metacarpal artery Nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve Actions abduct finger Antagonist Palmar interossei muscles Anatomical terms of muscle Palmar interossei muscles Details Origin metacarpals Insertion proximal phalange Nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve Actions adduction Antagonist Dorsal interossei of the hand Anatomical terms of muscle