Turner Classic Movies

Turner Classic Movies
Launched	April 14, 1994
Owned by	Turner Broadcasting System (Time Warner)
Picture format	480i (SD) 1080i (HD)
Country	United States
Broadcast area	Nationwide (also available in Canada with substitutions; international versions in Spain, Asia, Latin America, U.K. and Ireland)
Headquarters	Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Sister channel(s)	TBS, TNT, Cartoon Network, Boomerang, CNN, HLN, TruTV (United States) TCM 2 (UK & Ireland)
Website	TCM.com
Availability
Satellite
DirecTV	Channel 256 (SD), Channel 1256 (VOD)
Dish Network	Channel 132 (SD/HD)
DSTV	Channel 109
Tata Sky (India)	Channel 357
n	Channel 44
Cable
UPC Poland	Channel 487
IPTV
AT&T U-verse	Channel 790 (SD) Channel 1790 (HD)
Verizon FiOS	Channel 230
Bell Fibe TV (Canada)	Channel 292

Turner Classic Movies (TCM) is a movie-oriented cable television channel, owned by the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary of Time Warner, featuring commercial-free classic movies, mostly from the Turner Entertainment film library, which comprises the pre-May 1986 MGM, RKO and pre-1950 Warner Bros. films. TCM is headquartered at the Techwood Campus in Atlanta, Georgia, in Midtown.

About TCM

Unlike AMC, Turner Classic Movies is essentially commercial-free, advertising only TCM products, promos for specific films scheduled to air on the channel in primetime, typically using the film's original movie trailer. It also airs promos for special programming and featurettes about classic film actors and actresses in between features. TCM's content has also remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies rated by the MPAA after 1968). Because of the uncut and commercial-free nature of the channel, TCM is formatted similarly to a premium channel; as such, viewers might find that certain films, particularly those made from the 1960s onward, may feature nudity, sexual content, violence and strong profanity; the channel also features premium channel-style ratings bumpers seconds before a film starts.

From time to time, the channel shows restored versions of films, particularly old silent films with newly commissioned musical soundtracks. TCM is also a major backer of WGBH's Descriptive Video Service program, and many of the films aired on the network have visual description for the blind and visually impaired, which are accessible through the SAP option through a television or cable/satellite receiver.

As a result, viewers interested in tracing the career development of actresses like Barbara Stanwyck or Greta Garbo or actors like Cary Grant or Humphrey Bogart have the unique opportunity to see most of the feature films made during their careers, from beginning to end. Unlike AMC and Fox Movie Channel, Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original screen aspect ratio (widescreen or full screen) whenever possible. TCM also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any home video release. In 2008 TCM was given a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting.^[1]

History

Eight years before the launch of TCM, Ted Turner had acquired Metro Goldwyn Mayer, but shortly after sold the studio while retaining the library for itself. The vast library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the base program upon its launch; Turner Classic Movies officially debuted on April 14, 1994 at 6 p.m. ET with Ted Turner ceremonially launching the channel in New York City's Times Square district.^[2][3] The date was chosen for its significance as "the exact centennial anniversary of the first public movie showing in New York City." The very first movie ever screened on TCM was the 1939 classic epic Gone with the Wind, exactly what its sister station, TNT, had aired as its debut program six years before.

At the time of its launch, TCM was available to only approximately one million cable subscribers;^[4] the channel served as a competitor of AMC (at the time, called American Movie Classics), which had a virtually identical format to TCM as both cable channels ran mostly pre-1970 films; though by 2002, AMC had reformatted itself to feature films from all eras, leaving TCM as the only cable movie channel devoted entirely to classic films.

Before the creation of TCM, quite a few titles from its vast library of movies were broadcast — with commercial interruptions — on Turner's TNT channel, along with Turner's controversial colorized versions of black-and-white classics such as The Maltese Falcon. When TCM was created in 1994, however, colorization did not carry over to the new channel. As Gary R. Edgerton wrote in the winter 2000 issue of The Journal of Popular Film and Television, TCM immediately advertised itself in April 1994 "with the promise: 'uninterrupted, uncolorized and commercial-free!' Attitudes had evidently come full circle. Colorization was now unfashionable and unprofitable — even for Ted Turner and his colleagues at TBS."

In 1996, the Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner. Not only did this put TCM and Warner Bros. under the same corporate umbrella, but it also gave TCM access to the post-1949 Warner Bros. library (which itself includes other acquired properties such as the Lorimar, Saul Zaentz, and National General Pictures libraries); incidentally, TCM had already been running some of Warner's film titles through a licensing agreement with the studio made prior to the launch of the channel.^[5]

In 2000, TCM launched the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition. Grand prize has been the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film, mentored by a well-known composer, with subsequent premiere of the new work on the TCM channel. As of 2006, films which have been rescored include Camille (1921) with Rudolph Valentino, two Lon Chaney films, Ace of Hearts (1921) and Laugh, Clown, Laugh (1928), and Greta Garbo's The Temptress (1926).

More recently, TCM has collaborated in boxed set DVD releases of previously unreleased films by noted actors, directors, or studios. The sets often include bonus discs including documentaries and shorts from the TCM library. In April 2010, TCM held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. Hosted by Robert Osborne, the four-day long annual festival celebrated Hollywood and its movies, and featured celebrity appearances, special events and screenings of around 50 classic movies including several newly restored by the Film Foundation, an organization devoted to preserving Hollywood's classic film legacy.^[6] Upon completion of the festival, TCM announced that they would hold a second festival in 2011.^[7]

Programming

TCM's vast library of films spans several decades of cinema and includes thousands of film titles. TCM's programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. Gaps between features are filled with theatrically released movie trailers and classic short subjects (from series such as The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay, Pete Smith Specialties, Robert Benchley, etc.) under the banner name TCM Extras (formerly One Reel Wonders). In 2007, some of the short films featured on TCM began appearing on TCM's website. In part to allow these interstitials, Turner Classic Movies airs its feature films at the top or bottom to the hour, or at one-quarter past or before the hour, instead of in varying time slots. The network also airs original content, mostly documentaries about classic movie personalities and particularly notable films.

Movie library

Besides MGM, United Artists^[8] and Warner Bros. releases, TCM also shows films under license from Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Walt Disney Productions, Columbia Pictures, StudioCanal and Janus Films. Most pre-1950 Paramount releases are owned by EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution, while Paramount (currently owned by Viacom) holds on to most of its post-1949 releases, which are handled for television by Trifecta Entertainment & Media. Columbia's output is owned by Sony through Sony Pictures Television, the films of 20th Century Fox (owned by the News Corporation), are handled for television by 20th Television, and Walt Disney Productions (owned by The Walt Disney Company) has their output handled for television by Disney-ABC Domestic Television. TCM occasionally shows some classic films from 20th Century Fox,^[9]Paramount Pictures,^[10]Universal Studios and Columbia Pictures, but they are licensed individually.

Although a vast majority of the movies shown on Turner Classic Movies are from the 1930s through 1960s, some are more contemporary; it is not uncommon for TCM to air films released in the 1970s, 1980s or (in rare cases) the 1990s and early 2000s.

Hosted and special programming

Most feature movies shown in prime time (8 p.m.-2:30 a.m. Eastern Time) are presented by film historian Robert Osborne, who has been with the network since its launch in 1994. Osborne is occasionally joined by guest programmers responsible for choosing that evening's films; examples of such programmers during 2012 include Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin, and Jim Lehrer.^[11] Recently, movies shown during the daytime on weekends are presented by Ben Mankiewicz, radio host (The Young Turks), Herman J. Mankiewicz's grandson and great-nephew of Joseph L. Mankiewicz.

The Essentials is a weekly program on Saturdays, spotlighting a specific movie and containing a special introduction and post-movie discussion; the spotlight movie is often replayed the following Sunday at 6 p.m. ET. The current hosts are Osborne and Alec Baldwin. Each August, TCM suspends its regular schedule for a special "month of stars", featuring entire days devoted to a single star, offering movies and specials pertaining to the star of the day; however, Turner Classic Movies airs a "Star of the Month" year-round, except during special programming, in which every Wednesday during each month starting at 8 p.m. ET the majority of (if not all) feature films from a classic film star are shown during primetime and the late night/early morning hours. A star's birthday is also an occasion for a one-day or one-evening festival showing several of that artist's best, earliest, or least-known pictures.

"Silent Sunday Nights", airing Sunday nights, features silent films from the United States and abroad, usually in the latest restored version and often with new music scores; "Silent Sunday Nights" is occasionally pre-empted for other special programming. Following the "Silent Sunday Nights" feature(s), "TCM Imports" airing on Sunday nights around 2 a.m. ET, is a weekly presentation that features foreign films; "TCM Imports" previously ran on Saturdays until the early 2000s^[specify]. TCM also features a monthly program block called the "TCM Guest Programmer", in which once a month the channel features a selection of films that are favorites of that month's celebrity guest, in which the guest discusses the film with Robert Osborne (an offshoot of this block featuring TCM employees was done throughout the month of February 2011). In addition, TCM occasionally commemorates a recent death of a classic film star by running a 24-hour marathon of their signature film work in their honor.

In December 1999, TCM debuted "TCM Remembers", which is a tribute to recently deceased film personalities (actors, producers, composers, directors) airing occasionally during promo breaks between films; the segments appear in two forms: following the recent death of a single particular film personality, the segment will feature clips of the work during the deceased's career; in addition during the second half of the month of December each year, a compilation "TCM Remembers" interstitial will run honoring most (if not all) of the film personalities who died during the calendar year. The soundtracks for these clipreels are introspective songs by indie artists like Badly Drawn Boy (2007) or Steve Earle (2009). ^[12]Very often, when a well-known actor, producer, or director dies; the network will devote an entire day's schedule to showing movies associated with the individual, airing within days following the person's death.

In October 2006, the network premiered TCM Underground, a Friday late-night series hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie, which features a number of cult films personally selected by Zombie. Films in the series include Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959), Sisters (1973), Night of the Living Dead (1968), Bride of the Monster (1955), Faster Pussycat! Kill! Kill! (1965), and Electra Glide in Blue (1973). Rob Zombie no longer hosts "TCM Underground", and the presentation no longer has a host.

In the summer of 2007, the network began airing "Funday Night at the Movies", hosted by voice-over actor Tom Kenny (best known as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants). This series of programming, which lasted throughout the summer, brought classic films such as The Wizard of Oz (1939), Sounder (1972), Bringing Up Baby (1938), Singin' in the Rain (1952), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954) to a whole new generation of children and their families.

For the summer of 2008, TCM launched "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its The Essentials weekly series hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O’Donnell, which included such family-themed films as National Velvet (1944), The Courtship of Eddie's Father (1963), Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), Captains Courageous (1937), and Yours, Mine and Ours (1968), as well as more eclectic selections as Sherlock Jr. (1924), The Music Box (1932), Harvey (1950), 20 Million Miles to Earth (1957), Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), On the Town (1949), and The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956). In 2009, John Lithgow became the host of "The Essentials Jr." All featured programming has their own distinctive feature presentation open for the particular scheduled presentation. Bill Hader serves as host of the 2011 season of Essentials, Jr.

An occasional month-long series, Race and Hollywood, showcases films by and about people of non-white races, featuring discussions of how these pictures influenced white people's image of said races, as well as how people of those races viewed themselves. Previous installments have included "Asian Images on Film" (2008)^[13], "Native American Images on Film" (2010)^[14], "Black Images on Film" in 2006^[15] "Latino Images on Film" (2009)^[16] and "Arab Images on Film" (2011)^[17]. There was also a series for "Gay Images on Film" in 2007 and "Religion on Film" in 2005.

From July to December 2011, Osborne was on medical leave; guest hosts presented each night's films^[18]

TCM Remembers

• TCM Remembers 1998: composer John Addison, Gene Autry, Binnie Barnes, Lloyd Bridges, Dane Clark, art director George Davis, John Derek, special effects visual Linwood G. Dunn, Alice Faye, Norman Fell, editor Gene Fowler Jr., Douglas Fowley, Patricia Hayes, Valerie Hobson, Josephine Hutchinson, director Alan J. Pakula, Leonid Kinskey, director Akira Kurosawa, cinematographer Charles Lang, Phil Leeds, Jean Marais, E. G. Marshall, Roddy McDowall, Jeanette Nolan, Lucille Norman, Maidie Norman, Dick O'Neill, Maureen O'Sullivan, composer Gene Page, choreographer Jerome Robbins, Gene Raymond, Roy Rogers, Esther Rolle, Frank Sinatra, J.T. Walsh, Vincent Winter, O.Z. Whitehead, cinematographer Freddie Young and Robert Young.

• TCM Remembers 1999: Iron Eyes Cody, Betty Lou Gerson, Huntz Hall, Susan Strasberg, film critic Gene Siskel, Richard Kiley, director Stanley Kubrick, Garson Kanin, composer Ernest Gold, Ellen Corby, Charles "Buddy" Rogers, Rory Calhoun, Dirk Bogarde, Oliver Reed, DeForest Kelley, Bobs Watson, director Allan Carr, Sylvia Sydney, screenwriter Mario Puzo, screenwriter Norman Wexler, Ruth Roman, director Edward Dmytryk, director Charles Crichton, Victor Mature, editor Harold F. Kress, George C. Scott, Ian Bannen, Mabel King, Madeline Kahn and Desmond Llewelyn.

• TCM Remembers 2000: Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Nancy Coleman, Rose Hobart, Muriel Evans, Steve Reeves, Gwen Verdon, Francis Lederer, Nan Leslie, director Don Weis, director Roger Vadim, Joan Marsh, Billy Barty, costume designer Bill Thomas, Max Showalter, Vittorio Gassman, Marie Windsor, Craig Stevens, David Tomlinson, Richard Farnsworth, director Claude Autant-Lara, film preserver James Card, Beah Richards, Julie London, Marceline Day, Nancy Marchand, Harold Nicholas, Nils Poppe, director Joseph H. Lewis, composer George Dunning, director Lewis Allen, Ann Doran, Jean Peters, editor David Bretherlen, writer Curt Siodmak, screenwriter Ring Lardner Jr., Alec Guinness, Loretta Young, Jason Robards, John Gielgud, Hedy Lamarr, Claire Trevor and Walter Matthau.

• TCM Remembers 2001:

• TCM Remembers 2002: William Warfield, director George Sidney, Signe Hasso, Brad Dexter, producer Lew Wasserman, Ted Ashley, Lawrence Tierney, Leo McKern, Kim Hunter, John Agar, Jeff Corey, Dolores Gray, producer J. Lee Thompson, Eddie Bracken, Katy Jurado, animator Chuck Jones, Harold Russell, Eileen Heckart, Jack Kruschen, Buddy Lester, Adolph Green, director Andre De Toth, producer Richard Sylbert, Milton Berle, director Billy Wilder, director John Frankenheimer, Dudley Moore, Richard Harris, Rod Steiger and James Coburn.

• TCM Remembers 2003: Karen Morley, Penny Singleton, Donald O'Connor, David Hemmings, Art Carney, screenwriter David Newman, cinematographer Conrad Hall, director George Roy Hill, director Leni Riefenstahl, Kenneth Tobey, John Ritter, director Norman Panama, composer Michael Kamen, Martha Scott, Hume Cronyn, Buddy Hackett, Johnny Cash, Hope Lange, Richard Crenna, Sheb Wooley, Jack Elam, Gregory Hines, screenwriter George Axelrod, screenwriter Peter Stone, producer Philip Yordan, director Elia Kazan, Jeanne Crain, Horst Buchholz, Wendy Hiller, Bob Hope, screenwriter Daniel Taradash, Buddy Ebsen, director John Schlesinger, Robert Stack, Charles Bronson, Gregory Peck and Katharine Hepburn.

• TCM Remembers 2004: Irene Manning, Uta Hagen, Carl Anderson, Carrie Snodgress, Ray Charles, Paul Winfield, Alan King, Jan Sterling, Ron O'Neal, Bernard Punsly, Isabel Sanford, Ingrid Thulin, John Drew Barrymore, Virginia Grey, director Russ Meyer, producer Ray Stark, Peter Ustinov, Anna Lee, John Randolph, Frances Dee, Spalding Gray, Noble Willingham, Rodney Dangerfield, composers David Raksin, Jerry Goldsmith & Elmer Bernstein, Howard Keel, Ann Miller, Fay Wray, Tony Randall, Christopher Reeve, Ronald Reagan, Janet Leigh and Marlon Brando.

• TCM Remembers 2005: Sandra Dee, Virginia Mayo, John Vernon, cinematographer Tonino Delli Colli, Simone Simon, Eddie Albert, Marc Lawrence, playwright Arthur Miller, Ruth Hussey, Ossie Davis, screenwriter Gavin Lambert, Keith Andes, Geraldine Fitzgerald, screenwriter Evan Hunter, director Guy Green, Harold J. Stone, Pat Morita, producer Ismail Merchant, Sir John Mills, Richard Pryor, Kay Walsh, Teresa Wright, Suzanne Flon, art director John Box, Jocelyn Brando, producer Ernest Lehman, composer Linda Martinez, director Morris Engel, Barbara Bel Geddes, director Robert Wise, June Haver, Brock Peters, Edward Bunker, Ruth Warrick, Lane Smith, Stanley DeSantis, Jean Parker, Sheree North and Anne Bancroft.

• TCM Remembers 2006: Mariah Marsh, Elizabeth Allen, Jack Warden, Anthony Franciosa, Tamara Dobson, cinematographer Sven Nykvist, Red Buttons, Alida Valli, Mickey Spillane, director Gordon Parks, director Gilio Pontecorvo, Robert Donner, Darren McGavin, Mako Iwamatsu, Robert O. Cornthwaite, Richard Bright, producer Joseph Stefano, Barnard Hughes, Adrienne Shelly, Chris Penn, Vincent Schiavelli, Arthur Hill, art director Henry Bumstead, Jane Wyatt, Jack Wild, Paul Gleason, composer Malcolm Arnold, songwriter Betty Comden, director Vincent Sherman, Fayard Nicholas, Moira Shearer, Ken Richmond, writer Peter Benchley, Robert Earl Jones, Dennis Weaver, director Richard Fleischer, Don Knotts, Jack Palance, Peter Boyle, Maureen Stapleton, Bruno Kirby, director Robert Altman, June Allyson, Glenn Ford and Shelley Winters

• TCM Remembers 2007:

• TCM Remembers 2008: Richard Widmark, Edie Adams, Guillaume Depardieu, Robert DoQui, Charlton Heston, Cyd Charisse, George Carlin, Paul Scofield, Dick Martin, Sydney Pollack, special effects visual Stan Winston, Eva Dahlbeck, Michael Kidd, June Travis, producer Charles H. Joffe, Ken Ogata, screenwriter Irving Brecher, Roy Scheider, Brad Renfro, Paul Benedict, screenwriter John Michael Hayes, John Phillip Law, Michael Pate, Roberta Collins (later removed by Van Johnson), Isaac Hayes, director Joseph Pevney, screenwriter Arthur C. Clarke, Fred Crane, animator Ollie Johnson, director Michael Crichton, Evelyn Keyes, Brendo Mello, Marpessa Dawn, Mel Ferrer, Jerry Reed, Heath Ledger, Robert J. Anderson, Suzanne Pleshette, director Anthony Minghella, Ben Chapman, Vampira, Hazel Court, Perry Lopez, Delmar Watson, Robert Arthur, director Kon Ichikawa, Joy Page, Bernie Mac, Forrest J. Ackerman, Nina Foch, director Dino Risi, Dody Goodman, director Jules Dassin, screenwriter Abby Mann, Harvey Korman, Lois Nettleton, Estelle Reiner, Julie Ege, composer Leonard Roseman, Don LaFontaine, screenwriter Malvin Wald, director Jean Delannoy, Anita Page and Paul Newman.

• TCM Remembers 2009: Edmund Purdom, Natasha Richardson, Jody McCrea, Ricardo Montalban, Al Martino, director Robert Mulligan, director Howard Zieff, Pamela Blake, Farrah Fawcett, producer Larry Gelbart, producer Charles S. Schneer, Edward Woodward, Jennifer Jones, Sam Bottoms, Patrick Swayze, Olga San Juan, Paul Burke, screenwriter Horton Foote, Sydney Chaplin, Susanna Foster, director Ken Annakin, cinematographer Jack Cardiff, Beverly Roberts, Kathleen Byron, Dorothy Coonan, producer Daniel Melnick, Jane Bryan, Ron Silver, David Carradine, Richard Todd, Gale Storm, Pat Hingle, Eartha Kitt, Lou Jacobi, Bea Arthur, composer Maurice Jarre, Dom DeLuise, Henry Gibson, screenwriter Budd Schulberg, Claude Berri, writer Dominick Dunne, Betsy Blair, James Whitmore, Joseph Wiseman, Patrick McGoohan, director John Hughes and Karl Malden.

• TCM Remembers 2010: director Arthur Penn, editor Dede Allen, Jean Simmons, director Roy Ward Baker, Lynn Redgrave, producer David Brown, editor Sally Menke, Harold Gould, director Dino De Laurentiis, Dennis Hopper, Jill Clayburgh, Robert Culp, James Mitchell, James MacArthur, Johnny Sheffield, Corey Haim, director Clive Donner, Kevin McCarthy, Cammie King, Eddie Fisher, director Eric Rohmer, John Forsythe, producer Irving Ravetch, art director Robert F. Boyle, Robert Ellenstein, producer Tom Mankiewicz, editor Suso Cecchi d'Amico, Fess Parker, Baby Marie Osborne, Lena Horne, Lionel Jeffries, Kathryn Grayson, Tony Curtis, Doris Eaton Travis, writer Joseph Stein, director Ronald Neame, Claude Chabrol, Gloria Stuart, June Havoc, Glenn Shadix, Peter Graves, Barbara Billingsley, Leslie Nielsen, director Blake Edwards, Zelda Rubinstein, cinematographer William A. Fraker, producer David L. Wolper, Meinhardt Raabe, director Irvin Kershner and Patricia Neal.

• TCM Remembers 2011: Farley Granger, Diane Cilento, Miriam Seegar, Anna Massey, Sybil Jason, screenwriter Jimmy Sangster, James Arness, Annie Girardot, Sussanah York, William Campbell, Linda Christian, Jane Russell, Michael Sarrazin, Edith Fellows, Peter Falk, Pete Postlethwaite, Len Lesser, screenwriter Kevin Jarre, John Howard Davies, Paul Picerni, Betty Garrett, producer Gil Cates, Marilyn Nash, agent Sue Menengs, costume designer/producer Polly Platt, Hideko Takamine, Jeff Conaway, Edward Hardwicke, Tura Satana, Neva Patterson, cinematographer Gunnar Fischer, Mary Murphy, Dana Wynter, Elaine Stewart, Lena Nyman, Roberts Blossom, Jackie Cooper, Harry Morgan, Googie Withers, Barbara Kent, Cliff Robertson, Margaret Field, Anne Francis, Yvette Vickers, Paulette Dubost, Charles Napier, Maria Schneider, Norma Eberhardt, John Wood, director Sidney Lumet, composer John Barry, John Neville, Bill McKinney, Kenneth Mars, director Ken Russell, director Peter Yates, G.D. Spradlin, Leslie Brooks, Paul Massie, David Nelson, Jill Haworth, producer John Calley, screenwriter Arthur Laurents, Michael Gough and Elizabeth Taylor.

The clipreels are produced by Sabotage Film Group, which specializes in music videos and promotional material.^[19]

TCM HD

In June 2009, Turner Classic Movies launched a high definition version of the channel, showing the same programming as its standard-definition channel. Initial programming was not in native high definition and was instead upconverted from standard definition, but benefited from the greater bandwidth allocated to the channel. Programs available on the high definition feed are broadcast in upconverted 1080i.

TCM Vault Collection

The Vault Collection consists of several different DVD lines of rare classic films that have been licensed, remastered, and released by Turner Classic Movies. These releases are the DVD debuts of all of the films featured in the collection. The initial batch of DVDs are pressed in limited quantities and subsequent batches are Made-On-Demand (MOD).

• Universal Collection — Films licensed by TCM from the Universal Studios vault.
• The Lost RKO Collection — RKO films from the 1930s.
• TCM Archives — A series of DVD boxsets released by Warner Home Video featuring Pre-Code and Silent Films which includes the Forbidden Hollywood series.
• TCM Spotlight — A series of DVD boxsets released by Warner Home Video featuring the popular Charlie Chan and stars such as Esther Williams, Errol Flynn, and Doris Day.

International versions

TCM is available in many other countries around the world. In Canada, Turner Classic Movies debuted in 2005 on the Shaw Cable system and Shaw Direct satellite service. Rogers Cable started offering TCM in December 2006 as a free preview channel for all digital customers, and added to the analogue package in February 2007. While the schedule for the Canadian channel is generally the same as the U.S. channel, some films are replaced for broadcast into Canada due to rights issues and other reasons. Other versions of TCM are available in Australia, France, Germany, South Africa, Spain, Asia, Latin America, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Poland. The UK version operates two channels, including a spinoff called TCM 2.

See also

• TCM 2

References

External links

• Official website
• Official UK website
• Turner Media Innovations (UK Sales house for TCM)
• TCM Europe
• TCM Movie Database (TCMDb)
• Interviews with Robert Osborne about TCM's Classic Film Archive by Cinema Retro

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