Turner & Newall was a manufacturing business based in Manchester, United Kingdom. At its peak, it was a constituent of the FT 30 index of leading companies on the London Stock Exchange. As part of their business, the company was one of the first to industrialise asbestos, and its eventual demise in 2001 left an aftermath of asbestos litigation.[1]
.png) | |
| Industry | Building materials |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1871 |
| Defunct | 1998 |
| Fate | Acquired |
| Successor | Federal-Mogul |
| Headquarters | Manchester, UK |
| Products | Asbestos products |
History edit
1871–1920 edit
The business was founded in 1871 in Rochdale as Turner Brothers by John, Robert and Samuel Turner to manufacture cotton-cloth-based mechanical packing.[2]
In 1879 it became the first business in the United Kingdom to weave asbestos cloth with power-driven machinery, and the company changed its name to Turner Brothers Asbestos Company.[2]
Shortly before World War I the business opened an asbestos cement plant at Trafford Park.[2] One of its major products was Trafford Tile asbestos cement sheets, which were widely used for roof and wall construction in industrial and agricultural buildings.[3]
1920–2001 edit
In 1920 it merged with the Washington Chemical Company, Newalls Insulation Company (founded as Magnesia Coverings by Frederick Newall) and J. W. Roberts to become Turner & Newall and became listed on the London Stock Exchange in that year.[2]
The third (Sir) Samuel Turner (1878–1955) was chairman from 1929 to 1944: he endowed a School of Industrial Administration at Manchester Municipal College of Technology as well as a Dental School at the Victoria University of Manchester (the Dental School and Hospital donation was £99,000[4]) The company's development under the third Samuel was rapid: it acquired Bells' United Asbestos Companies and several asbestos insulation companies in the UK.[5]
The company operated a plant in Leeds where the Armley asbestos disaster occurred and which only closed in 1959.[6]
From 1939 until 2001, the company operated an asbestos mine at Havelock in Bulembu in the Kingdom of Eswatini, Southern Africa. Since the company left, former employees have experienced sickness in their lungs because they lacked safety-wear to protect them from the hazardous material. The miners of Havelock have recently failed in their efforts to bring a legal action in Britain against the company. The attitude of management, combined with the absence of trade unions or an effective regulatory authority meant that work conditions at Havelock were harsh.[7]
It moved its Head Office from Rochdale to Manchester in 1949.[2] After World War II it diversified into components for the automotive industry including gaskets.[8]
In 1953, the company bought Porters Cement Industries Ltd, a major producer of chrysotile asbestos products, based in Salisbury and Bulawayo in Southern Rhodesia, and changed its name to Turnall Fibre Cement (Pvt) Ltd.[9] Turnall Fibre Cement Ltd still operates in Zimbabwe but as an independent company, mainly producing asbestos cement sheets and pipes. According to the company, "there is not an industrial, agricultural or residential area of Zimbabwe that does not have one or more of the company's many [asbestos cement] products in use or on display".[9]
Demise of the business edit
In 1998 the business was acquired by Federal-Mogul[10] which itself got into financial difficulties and filed for Chapter 11 protection as a result of asbestos claims.[11] In the United Kingdom the business went into administration in October 2001[12] leaving a pension fund deficit estimated at £400 million.[13]
Asbestos victims and aftermath edit
As part of their business, the company was one of the first to industrialise asbestos,[1] and its eventual demise in 2001 became entangled with issues of asbestos litigation. Asbestos-related disease had itself become recognised due to a coroner's report into the death of Nellie Kershaw, a worker at their factory, in 1924, and various parliamentary inquiries and reports into asbestos-related disease thereafter. The company had directed their lawyers to strongly defend all such claims, due to the risk of litigation.[14]
Following the demise of the business, UK victims of the company's asbestos pollution, such as those near to the former J.W. Roberts factory in Armley, Leeds, were offered a fraction of the compensation to which they were entitled.[15]
The T&N Subfund of the Federal-Mogul Asbestos Trust[16] was organised to process, liquidate, and pay all valid Asbestos Trust claims for which the T&N Entities have legal responsibility. The trust was created December 27, 2007 as a result of the confirmation of The Federal-Mogul Chapter 11 Joint Plan of Reorganization.[17] The purpose of the trust is to provide fair, equitable and substantially similar treatment for all Trust claims that may presently exist or may arise in the future in substantially the same manner.[18]
The Trust Distribution Procedures (TDP) approved by the bankruptcy court provide for resolving all asbestos-related personal injury and death claims caused by conduct of, and/or exposure to products for which Federal-Mogul Entities are responsible in the manner set forth for the specific Federal-Mogul Entity.[19]
For claimants whose principal exposure to asbestos was in the United Kingdom or one of several other non-US countries, a UK Asbestos Trust was established to provide for the payment of asbestos claims in addition to the US-focused Asbestos Trust described above.[20]
References edit
- ^ a b Selikoff, Irving J.; Greenberg, Morris (20 February 1991). "A Landmark Case in Asbestosis" (PDF). JAMA. 265 (7). Chicago, Illinois: AMA: 898–901. doi:10.1001/jama.265.7.898. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 1825122. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ a b c d e "Global empire of crown jewel left town bitter legacy". Manchester Evening News. 13 August 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
- ^ "Turnall Fibre Cement". Turnall Fibre Cement (Pvt) Ltd : Harare. 2007. Archived from the original on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
- ^ Charlton, H. B. (1951) Portrait of a University. Manchester U. P.; appdx.
- ^ Tweedale, Geoffrey & Hansen, Philip (2000) Magic Mineral to Killer Dust: Turner & Newall and the asbestos hazard Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-829690-8; p. 7
- ^ Lazenby, Peter (6 October 2005). "Asbestos: The final reckoning". Yorkshire Evening Post. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
- ^ McCulloch J (2003). "Asbestos mining in Southern Africa, 1893-2002" (PDF). Int J Occup Environ Health. 9 (3): 230–235. doi:10.1179/oeh.2003.9.3.230. PMID 12967158. S2CID 1849876. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
- ^ "Competition Commission" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2008.
- ^ a b "About us". Turnall Fibre Cement (Pvt) Ltd : Harare. 2007. Archived from the original on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
- ^ "Federal-Mogul Completes T&N Acquisition". PR Newswire. 6 March 1998. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
- ^ "Federal-Mogul Corporation Files Voluntary Chapter 11 And Administration Petitions to Resolve Asbestos Claims". Federal Mogul Press Release. 1 October 2001. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
- ^ Legal Update Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Business analysis
- ^ Howker, Ed (28 August 2008). "Asbestos: The lies that killed". New Statesman. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Asbestos victims' cut-price payouts". Yorkshire Evening Post. 14 July 2006. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
- ^ "Federal Mogul Asbestos Personal Injury Trust". www.federalmogulasbestostrust.com. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- ^ Federal-Mogul Corporation Reorganization Web site
- ^ Purpose of the Trust
- ^ FEDERAL-MOGUL ASBESTOS PERSONAL INJURY TRUST DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURES
- ^ "What is the T&N Asbestos Trustee Company? - The T&N Asbestos Trust". The T&N Asbestos Trust. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
See also edit
- Nellie Kershaw, whose death (resulting from employment at Turner & Newall) led to recognition of asbestosis as a medical condition
- Bulembu