Trichomycterus
| Trichomycterus | |
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| Trichomycterus areolatus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Trichomycteridae |
| Subfamily: | Trichomycterinae |
| Genus: | Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 1832 |
| Type species | |
| Trichomycterus nigricans Valenciennes, 1832 |
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| Species | |
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See text. |
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Trichomycterus is the largest genus of pencil catfish, with over 100 species currently described. This genus is native to South America.
Taxonomy
This genus is defined by the lack of specializations found in other trichomycterids and is certainly polyphyletic.[1][2] Although known to contain many species, Trichomycterus is poorly known with many of the known species based on brief descriptions.[1] Many species have been described recently and many more are waiting to be described.[3]
Some authors have tentatively defined putative monophyletic assemblages within the genus Trichomycterus based on the possession of unique morphological features.[1] The T. brasiliensis species-complex includes T. brasiliensis, T. iheringi, T. maracaya, T. mimonha, T. potschi, T. vermiculatus, T. pirabitira and several undescribed species apparently endemic to the main river basins draining the Brazilian Shield.[4] However, an assemblage of species from south and southeastern Brazil is also supported that includes T. guaraquessaba, T. iheringi, T. nigricans, T. davisi, T. stawiarski, T. castroi, T. triguttatum, T. immaculatus, T. itatiayae, T. mirissumba, T. zonatus, T. naipi, T. taboba, T. papilliferus, T. mboycy, and T. plumbeus.[2]T. aguarague, T. alterus, T. boylei, T. ramosus, and T. belensis also form a diagnosable species assemblage.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Species of Trichomycterus inhabit a diversity of habitats throughout South and Central America from Costa Rica in the north to Patagonia in the south, and from lowland Atlantic rainforest in the east to Andean streams in the west.[5] A number of species of Trichomycterus are known from various mid- to high-elevation localities in western Argentina; in these upland regions the species of Trichomycterus are among the few, or sometimes only, fishes occupying water bodies at middle to higher elevations.[6] About 60 nominal species are endemic to the river basins draining the Andes and hills of the Guianan Shield, and about 30 species are endemic to river basins draining the Brazilian Shield.[7]
Despite the broad distribution of the genus, most species have limited distributions, and usually are restricted to only one river.[8] Wide-ranging species are most likely complexes of species that are difficult to differentiate, such as the T. brasiliensis species-complex.[4]Trichomycterus gorgona, from a small stream on Gorgona Island located west of the Pacific coast of Colombia, is the first known trichomycterid to be endemic to an offshore island.[9]
Six troglobitic species are in the genus Trichomycterus: Trichomycterus chaberti, T. itacarambiensis, T. santanderensis, T. spelaeus, and T. uisae.[10]
Description
These fish are generally small, usually about 50–150 millimetres (2–6 in) SL.[1] Species differ from one another primarily in body proportions, fin ray counts, and colouration.[5]
Species
There are currently 156 recognized species in this genus: [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]
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References
- ^ a b c d e Alencar, Aline R.; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2006). "Trichomycterus pauciradiatus, a new catfish species from the upper rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF). Zootaxa 1269: 43–49.
- ^ a b c d Wosiacki, Wolmar B. (2005). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from south Brazil and redescription of T. iheringi (Eigenmann)" (PDF). Zootaxa 1040: 49–64.
- ^ a b Lima, Sergio M. Q.; Lazzarotto, Henrique; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2008). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from lagoa Feia drainage, southeastern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (3): 315–322. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252008000300004.
- ^ a b c Bockmann, Flávio A.; Sazima, Ivan (2004). "Trichomycterus maracaya, a new catfish from the upper rio Paraná, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with notes on the T. brasiliensis species-complex" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 2 (2): 61–74. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252004000200003.
- ^ a b c d Fernández, Luis; Osinaga, Karina (2006). "A New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Aguarague National Park of the Bolivian Preandean Region, with Comments on Relationships within of the Genus". Environmental Biology of Fishes 75 (4): 385–393. doi:10.1007/s10641-005-5065-4.
- ^ a b Fernández, Luis; Vari, Richard P. (2004). "New Species of Trichomycterus from Midelevation Localities of Northwestern Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". In Armbruster, J. W. Copeia 2004 (4): 876–882. doi:10.1643/CI-04-094R1.
- ^ a b c Alencar, Aline R.; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2004). Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) (PDF) 744. pp. 1–8.
- ^ a b Lima, Sergio M. Q.; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2004). "Trichomycterus giganteus (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea: Trichomycteridae): a new catfish from the Rio Guandu basin, southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa 761: 1–6.
- ^ a b Fernández, Luis; Schaefer, Scott A. (2005). "New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from an Offshore Island of Colombia". In Armbruster, J. W. Copeia 2005 (1): 68–76. doi:10.1643/CI-04-177R1.
- ^ a b Castellanos-Morales, Cesar A. (2008). "Trichomycterus uisae: a new species of hypogean catfish (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the northeastern Andean Cordillera of Colombia". Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (3): 307–314. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252008000300003.
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013). Species of Trichomycterus in FishBase. February 2013 version.
- ^ a b Datovo, A., Carvalho, M. & Ferrer, J. (2012): A new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from the La Plata River basin, southern Brazil, with comments on its putative phylogenetic position (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Zootaxa, 3327: 33–44.
- ^ a b Lezama, A. Q., Triques, M.L. & Santos, P.S. (2012): Trichomycterus argos (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species from the Doce River Basin, Eastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3352: 60–68.
- ^ a b Dutra, G.M., Wosiacki, W.B. & de Pinna, M.C.C. (2012): Trichomycterus anhanga, a new species of miniature catfish related to T. hasemani and T. johnsoni (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Amazon basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (2): 225-231.
- ^ a b Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2012): Trichomycterus puriventris (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species of catfish from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (2): 155-160.
- ^ a b Bichuette, M.E. & Pereira Rizzato, P. (2012): A new species of cave catfish from Brazil, Trichomycterus rubbioli sp.n., from Serra do Ramalho karstic area, São Francisco River basin, Bahia State (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae). Zootaxa, 3480: 48–66.
- ^ a b Barbosa, M.A. & Azevedo-Santos, V.M. (2012): A new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (3): 357–362.
- ^ a b Fernández, L. & Vari, R.P. (2012): New Species of Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the Andean Cordillera of Argentina and the Second Record of the Genus in Thermal Waters. Copeia, 2012 (4): 631-636.
- ^ a b c Katz, A.M., Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2013): Two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from the Paraná river basin, southeastern Brazil (Teleostei: Trichomycteridae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4) [2012]: 359-366.
- ^ Fernández, Luis; Vari, Richard P. (2002). "New Species of Trichomycterus from the Andes of Argentina with a Redescription of Trichomycterus alterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". In Schaefer, S. A. Copeia 2002 (3): 739–747. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0739:NSOTFT]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Fernández, Luis; Vari, Richard P. (2000). "New Species of Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Lacking a Pelvic Fin and Girdle from the Andes of Argentina". In Schaefer, S. A. Copeia 2000 (4): 990–996. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0990:NSOTTS]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Wosiacki & de Pinna (2008). "A New Species of the Neotropical Catfish Genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Representing a New Body Shape for the Family". Copeia 2008 (2): 273–278. doi:10.1643/CI-06-237.
- ^ Wosiacki & de Pinna (2008). "Trichomycterus igobi, a new catfish species from the rio Iguaçu drainage: the largest head in Trichomycteridae (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (1): 17–23.
- ^ a b Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin; Oyakawa, Osvaldo Takeshi (2005). "Two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Ribeira de Iguape Basin, Southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 3 (4): 465–472. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000400003.
- ^ Barbosa, M.A. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2012): Trichomycterus macrophthalmus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species of catfish from the Paraíba do Sul river basin, southeastern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology, 62 (1): 79-82.
- ^ a b c d e Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin; Garavello, Júlio César (March 2004). "Five new species of Trichomycterus from the rio Iguaçu (rio Paraná Basin), southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 15 (1): 1–16.
- ^ Fernández, Luis; Chuquihuamaní, Roberto Quispe (2007). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Andean Cordillera of Perú, with comments on relationships within the genus" (PDF). Zootaxa 1545: 49–57.
- ^ Barbosa, Maria Anaïs; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (October 2003). "Trichomycterus potschi (Siluriformes: Loricarioidei): a new trichomycterid catfish from coastal streams of southeastern Brazil". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 14 (3): 281–287.
- ^ Castellanos-Morales, Cesar A. (2007). "Trichomycterus santanderensis: A new species of troglomorphic catfish (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from Colombia" (PDF). Zootaxa 1541: 49–55.
- ^ Fernandez, Luis.; Miranda, Guillermina. (November 2007). "A catfish of the genus Trichomycterus from a thermal stream in southern South America (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with comments on relationships within the genus". Journal of Fish Biology 71 (5): 1303–1316. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01589.x.
- ^ "New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa 592: 1–12. 2004.
- ^ Ferrer, Juliano; Malabarba, Luiz R. (2011). "A new Trichomycterus lacking pelvic fins and pelvic girdle with a very restricted range in Southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF Excerpt). Zootaxa 2912: 59–67.
- ^ Fernández, Luis; Schaefer, Scott A. (December 2003). "Trichomycterus yuska, a new species from high elevations of Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 14 (4): 353–360.
