Timeline of country and capital changes

This is a timeline of country and capital changes around the world. It includes dates of independence, changes in country name, changes of capital city or name, and significant changes in territory.

 2000s   1900s   1800s   1700s   1600s   1500s   1400s   1300s   1200s   1100s   1000s 
 1st Millennium CE   1st Millennium BCE   2nd Millennium BCE   3rd Millennium BCE   4th Millennium BCE 

Africa

Asia

Europe

Oceania

North America

South America

Antarctica

Common Era

2010s

Year	Date	Event
2013	January 7	The Libyan National Congress changes the name of the country from Libya to the State of Libya which will be used until a new constitution is adopted.Tripoli remains the capital.
2012	July 12	The State of Azawad is reacquired by forces that consider it part of the Republic of Mali.
	April 6	The State of Azawad proclaims its independence from the Republic of Mali. Gao is the capital.
	January 1	The Republic of Hungary changes its name to Hungary. Budapest remains the capital.
2011	September 16	After a civil war and the occupation of the capital by the National Liberation Army, the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya changes its name to Libya. Tripoli remains the capital.
	July 9	The Republic of South Sudan formally gains independence from Sudan after a referendum in January. Juba is the capital.
	February 2	The Republic of the Fiji Islands changes its name to the Republic of Fiji. Suva remains the capital.
2010	October 21	The Union of Myanmar (Burma) changes its name to the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Naypyidaw remains the capital.
	October 10	The Netherlands Antilles is dissolved. Curaçao and Sint Maarten become constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands with Willemstad and Philipsburg the respective capitals. Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius become special municipalities of the Netherlands.

2000s

Year	Date	Event
2009	September 1	The United Kingdom changes the name of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena and Dependencies to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Jamestown on Saint Helena remains the capital.
	February 7	The Republic of Bolivia changes its name to the Plurinational State of Bolivia. La Paz and Sucre remain the capitals.
2008	August 27	The Russian Federation recognizes the independence of the Republic of South Ossetia and the Republic of Abkhazia, although Georgia maintains that they are illegally occupied by Russia and legally remain integral regions of Georgia. Tskhinval and Sukhumi are the capitals, respectively.
	May 28	The State of Nepal changes its name to the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. Kathmandu remains the capital.
	February 17	The Republic of Kosovo declares its independence from the Republic of Serbia, although Serbia does not recognise it. Priština is the capital. On July 22, 2010, the International Court of Justice rules that the declaration of independence does not violate international law.
2007	October 22	The Republic of Montenegro changes its name to Montenegro. Podgorica is the capital.
	February 21	The French Republic separates the Collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy from Guadeloupe. Gustavia is the capital.
		The French Republic separates the Collectivity of Saint-Martin from Guadeloupe. Marigot is the capital.
	January 15	The Kingdom of Nepal changes its name to the State of Nepal. Kathmandu remains the capital.
2006	October 7	The Republic of Palau moves its capital from Koror to Ngerulmud.
	August 14	The Federal Republic of Nigeria yields sovereignty of Bakassi to the Republic of Cameroon.
	June 5	The Republic of Serbia supersedes the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Belgrade remains the capital.
	June 3	The Republic of Montenegro secedes from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Podgorica is the capital.
2005	November 6	The Union of Myanmar (Burma) moves its capital from Yangon to Naypyidaw.
2004	September 1	The Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty administering Antarctica establishes its headquarters in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
	January 4	The Islamic State of Afghanistan changes its name to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Kabul remains the capital.
2003	February 4	The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia changes its name to the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Belgrade remains the capital.
2002	May 20	The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste gains independence from the Portuguese Republic. Timor-Leste was occupied by Indonesia in 1975, and was placed under United Nations administration in 1999. Dili is the capital.
	February 14	The State of Bahrain changes its name to the Kingdom of Bahrain. Manama remains the capital.
2001	November 13	The Islamic State of Afghanistan supersedes the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Kabul remains the capital.
	January	Taloqan, the de facto capital of the Islamic State of Afghanistan government, falls to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The capital moves to Fayzabad.

1990s

Year	Date	Event
1999	December 31	The United States of America returns sovereignty of the Panama Canal to the Republic of Panama.
	December 30	The Republic of Venezuela changes its name to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Caracas remains the capital.
	December 20	The Portuguese Republic transfers its colony of Macau to the People's Republic of China as the Macau Special Administrative Region.
	June 10	The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo is formed in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
1998	May 6	The Republic of Kazakhstan changes the name of its capital from Aqmola to Astana.
1997	December 10	The Republic of Kazakhstan moves its capital from Almaty to Aqmola.
	July 4	Western Samoa changes its name to the Independent State of Samoa.
	July 1	The United Kingdom transfers its colony of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China as the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
	May 17	The Republic of Zaire changes its name back to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kinshasa remains the capital.
		The Republic of Fiji changes its name to the Republic of the Fiji Islands. Suva remains the capital.
1996		The United Republic of Tanzania moves its capital from Dar-es-Salaam to Dodoma.
1994	October 1	The Republic of Palau gains independence from a United Nations trusteeship administered by the United States. Koror is the capital until 2006.
	February 28	The Republic of South Africa transfers sovereignty of Walvis Bay to the Republic of Namibia.
1993	September 24	The restored Kingdom of Cambodia replaces the State of Cambodia. Phnom Penh remains the capital.
		The Republic of Kazakhstan changes the name of its capital from Alma-Ata to Almaty.
	May 24	The State of Eritrea gains independence from the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Asmara is the capital.
	January 1	The Czech Republic (Czechia) and the Slovak Republic (Slovakia) are formed out of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Bratislava is the capital of the Slovak Republic. Prague remains the capital of the Czech Republic.
1992	September 12	The Democratic Republic of Madagascar changes its name to the Republic of Madagascar. Antananarivo remains the capital.
	August 27	The People's Republic of Angola changes its name to the Republic of Angola. Luanda remains the capital.
	April 28	The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is created from the remnants of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Belgrade remains the capital.
	April 6	Bosnia and Herzegovina gains independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Sarajevo is the capital.
	January 15	The Republic of Slovenia gains independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Ljubljana is the capital.
		The Republic of Croatia gains independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Zagreb is the capital.
1991	December 26	The Russian Federation (Russia) is created from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Moscow remains the capital.
	December 21	The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Bishkek is the capital.
	December 16	The Republic of Kazakhstan gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Alma-Ata is the capital until 1997.
	December 12	The Federal Republic of Nigeria moves its capital from Lagos to Abuja.
	December 8	Turkmenistan gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Ashgabat is the capital.
		The Republic of Uzbekistan gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Tashkent is the capital.
	September 21	The Republic of Armenia gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Yerevan is the capital.
	September 9	The Republic of Tajikistan gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Dushanbe is the capital.
	September 8	The Republic of Macedonia gains independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Skopje is the capital.
	September 6	The Republic of Lithuania gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Vilnius is the capital.
	August 30	The Republic of Azerbaijan gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Baku is the capital.
	August 27	The Republic of Moldova gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Chişinău is the capital.
	August 25	The Republic of Belarus gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Minsk is the capital.
	August 24	The Ukraine gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Kyiv is the capital.
	August 21	The Republic of Latvia regains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Riga is the capital.
	August 20	The Republic of Estonia regains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Tallinn is the capital.
	April 30	The Republic of Albania supersedes the Socialist People's Republic of Albania. Tirana remains the capital.
	April 9	Georgia gains independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Tbilisi is the capital.
1990	November 15	The People's Republic of Bulgaria changes its name to the Republic of Bulgaria. Sofia remains the capital.
	October 3	The Federal Republic of Germany absorbs the German Democratic Republic. Unified Germany regains full sovereignty and Allied occupation ends. Bonn yields to Berlin as the capital.
	May 22	The Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) unite to form the Republic of Yemen. Aden yields to San'a' as the capital.
	March 21	The Republic of Namibia gains independence from South Africa. Windhoek is the capital.
	March 1	The People's Republic of Benin changes its name to the Republic of Benin. Porto-Novo remains the capital.
		The Republic of Chile moves its legislative capital from Santiago to Valparaíso. Santiago remains the administrative capital.

1980s

Year	Date	Event
1989	December 31	The Polish People's Republic changes its name to the Republic of Poland. Warsaw remains the capital.
	October 23	The People's Republic of Hungary changes its name to the Republic of Hungary.
	September 26	The Socialist Republic of Vietnam ends its occupation of the State of Cambodia.
	June 18	The Union of Burma changes its English language name to the Union of Myanmar. Yangon remains the capital until 2005.
		The Federated States of Micronesia moves its capital from Kolonia to Palikir.
	May 1	The State of Cambodia supersedes Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia). Phnom Penh remains the capital.
	February 15	The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ends its intervention in the Republic of Afghanistan.
1988	September 23	The Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma changes its name to the Union of Burma. Yangon remains the capital until 2005.
1987	November 30	The Republic of Afghanistan supersedes the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Kabul remains the capital.
	October 7	The Dominion of Fiji changes its name to Republic of Fiji. Suva remains the capital.
1986	November 3	The Federated States of Micronesia gains independence from a United Nations trusteeship administered by the United States. Kolonia is the capital.
	October 21	The Republic of the Marshall Islands gains independence from a United Nations trusteeship administered by the United States. Majuro is the capital.
	January 1	Aruba gains the status of "country" within the Kingdom of the Netherlands following a change of the Charter for the Kingdom and secedes from the Netherlands Antilles. Oranjestad is the capital.
1984	August 15	Bourkina-Fasso changes its name to Burkina Faso. Ouagadougou remains the capital.
	August 4	The Republic of Upper Volta changes its name to Bourkina-Fasso. Ouagadougou remains the capital.
	February 4	The Republic of Cameroon supersedes the United Republic of Cameroon. Yaoundé is the capital.
	January 1	The State of Brunei, Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam) gains independence from the United Kingdom. Bandar Seri Begawan is the capital.
1983	September 19	The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis gains independence from the United Kingdom. Basseterre is the capital.
	March	The Republic of Ivory Coast moves its capital from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro.
1982	June 14	The United Kingdom recaptures the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) from the Argentine Republic. Britain restores the name of the capital Puerto Argentino to Stanley.
	April 29	The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka moves its capital from Colombo to Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte.
	April 18	The Republic of Zimbabwe renames its capital, Salisbury, along with many other place names. The new name for the capital is Harare.
	April 2	The Argentine Republic seizes the Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands) from the United Kingdom. Argentina renames Stanley the capital Puerto Argentino.
1981	November 1	Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom. St. John's is the capital.
	September 21	Belize gains independence from the United Kingdom. Belmopan is the capital.
1980	July 30	The Republic of Vanuatu gains independence from a British-French condominium. Port Vila is the capital.
	April 18	The Republic of Zimbabwe gains independence from the United Kingdom. Salisbury is the capital.

1970s

Year	Date	Event
1979	December 25	The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics occupies the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
	December 12	The Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia is dissolved as the United Kingdom regains control of the territory. The colony regains its former name, Southern Rhodesia. Salisbury remains the capital.
	October 27	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independence from the United Kingdom. Kingstown is the capital.
	September 20	The Central African Empire changes its name back to the Central African Republic. Bangui remains the capital.
	July 12	The Republic of Kiribati gains independence from the United Kingdom. South Tarawa is the capital.
	June 1	The unrecognised Republic of Rhodesia is superseded by the Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, which is also unrecognised. Salisbury remains the capital.
	February 22	Saint Lucia gains independence from the United Kingdom. Castries is the capital.
	January 7	The Socialist Republic of Vietnam occupies Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia).
1978	November 3	The Commonwealth of Dominica gains independence from the United Kingdom. Roseau is the capital.
	October 1	Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom. Funafuti is the capital.
	July 7	The Solomon Islands become independent from the United Kingdom. Honiara is the capital.
	September 7	The Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka changes its name to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Colombo remains the capital until 1982.
	April 30	The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan supersedes the Republic of Afghanistan. Kabul remains the capital.
1977	June 27	The Republic of Djibouti gains independence from the French Republic. The city of Djibouti is the capital.
	March 2	The Libyan Arab Republic changes its name to the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Tripoli remains the capital.
1976	December 28	The Socialist People's Republic of Albania supersedes the People's Republic of Albania. Tirana remains the capital.
	December 4	The Central African Republic changes its name to the Central African Empire. Bangui remains the capital.
	July 2	The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam unite to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh City yields to Hanoi as the capital.
	June 29	The Republic of Seychelles become independent from the United Kingdom. Victoria is the capital.
	June 24	The Republic of the Philippines reinstates Manila as the capital. Quezon City, the former capital from 1948, was incorporated with Manila and 15 surrounding suburbs to form Metro Manila. Baguio is no longer a summer capital.
	January 5	Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) supersedes the Khmer Republic. Phnom Penh remains the capital.
1975	December 30	The Malagasy Republic changes its name to the Democratic Republic of Madagascar. Antananarivo remains the capital.
	November 30	The Republic of Dahomey changes its name to the People's Republic of Benin. Porto-Novo remains the capital.
	November 25	The Republic of Suriname gains independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Paramaribo is the capital.
	November 22	The Spanish State is superseded by the restored Kingdom of Spain. Madrid remains the capital.
	November 11	The People's Republic of Angola gains independence from the Portuguese Republic. Luanda is the capital.
	September 16	The Independent State of Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia. Port Moresby is the capital.
	July 12	The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe gains independence from the Portuguese Republic. The city of São Tomé is the capital.
	July 6	The Union of the Comoros gains independence from the French Republic. Moroni is the capital.
	July 5	The Republic of Cape Verde gains independence from the Portuguese Republic. Praia is the capital.
	June 25	The Republic of Mozambique gains independence from the Portuguese Republic. Maputo is the capital.
	April 30	The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam supersedes the Republic of Vietnam. The name of the capital is changed from Saigon to Ho Chi Minh City.
1974	December 13	The Republic of Malta supersedes the State of Malta. Valletta remains the capital.
	September 10	The Republic of Guinea changes its name to the Republic of Guinea-Bissau and moves its capital from Madina do Boe to Bissau. The Portuguese Republic recognizes the independence of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau.
	February 22	The Islamic Republic of Pakistan recognizes the independence of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
	February 7	Grenada gains independence from the United Kingdom. St. George's is the capital.
	January 4	The Union of Burma changes its name to the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma. Yangon remains the capital until 2005.
1973	September 24	The Republic of Guinea declares its independence from the Portuguese Republic; recognition is limited. Madina do Boe is the temporary capital.
	July 17	The Republic of Afghanistan supersedes the Kingdom of Afghanistan. Kabul remains the capital.
	July 10	The Commonwealth of The Bahamas gains independence from the United Kingdom. Nassau is the capital.
1972	June 2	The United Republic of Cameroon supersedes the Federal Republic of Cameroon. Yaoundé remains the capital until 1982.
	May 22	Ceylon changes its name to the Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka. Colombo remains the capital until 1982.
1971	December 2	The United Arab Emirates gains independence from the United Kingdom. Abu Dhabi is the capital.
	October 27	The Democratic Republic of the Congo changes its name to the Republic of Zaire. Kinshasa remains the capital.
	September 3	The State of Qatar gains independence from the United Kingdom. Doha is the capital.
	September 1	The Arab Republic of Egypt supersedes the United Arab Republic. Cairo remains the capital.
	August 16	The State of Bahrain gains independence from the United Kingdom. Manama is the capital.
	March 26	The People's Republic of Bangladesh declares its independence from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Dhaka is the capital.
1970	December 1	The People's Republic of South Yemen changes its name to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. Aden remains the capital.
	October 9	The Khmer Republic (Cambodia) supersedes the Kingdom of Cambodia. Phnom Penh is the capital.
	October 10	The Dominion of Fiji gains independence from the United Kingdom. Suva is the capital.
	July 4	The Kingdom of Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom. Nukuʻalofa is the capital.
	March 2	Rhodesia declares itself the Republic of Rhodesia. Salisbury remains the capital.

1960s

Year	Date	Event
1969	September 1	The Libyan Arab Republic supersedes the Kingdom of Libya. Tripoli remains the capital.
1968	October 12	The Republic of Equatorial Guinea gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Malabo is the capital.
	September 6	The Kingdom of Swaziland gains independence from the United Kingdom. Mbabane is the capital.
	March 12	The Republic of Mauritius gains independence from the United Kingdom. Port Louis is the capital.
	January 31	The Republic of Nauru gains independence from a United Nations trusteeship. Yaren is the de facto capital.
1967	November 7	The People's Republic of South Yemen gains independence from the United Kingdom. Aden is the capital.
	January 24	The Republic of the United States of Brazil changes its name to the Federative Republic of Brazil. Brasilia remains the capital.
1966	November 30	Barbados gains independence from the United Kingdom. Bridgetown is the capital.
	November 28	The Republic of Burundi supersedes the Kingdom of Burundi. Bujumbura remains the capital.
	October 4	The Kingdom of Lesotho gains independence from the United Kingdom. Maseru is the capital.
	September 30	The Republic of Botswana gains independence from the United Kingdom. Gaborone is the capital.
	July 6	Malawi becomes the Republic of Malawi. Lilongwe remains the capital.
	June 30	The Democratic Republic of the Congo changes the name of its capital from Léopoldville to Kinshasa.
	May 26	The Co-operative Republic of Guyana gains independence from the United Kingdom. Georgetown is the capital.
1965	November 11	Rhodesia issues its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom, which goes unrecognised. Salisbury is the capital.
	August 9	The Republic of Singapore secedes from Malaysia. Singapore is the capital.
	July 26	The Republic of Maldives gains independence from the United Kingdom. Male is the capital.
	February 18	The Republic of the Gambia gains independence from the United Kingdom. Banjul is the capital.
1964	November 1	The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar changes its name to the United Republic of Tanzania. Dar-es-Salaam remains the capital.
	October 24	The Republic of Zambia gains independence from the United Kingdom. Lusaka is the capital.
	September 21	The State of Malta gains independence from the United Kingdom. Valletta is the capital.
	August 1	The Republic of the Congo (Congo-Léopoldville) changes its name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Léopoldville remains the capital.
	July 6	Malawi gains independence from the United Kingdom. Lilongwe is the capital.
	April 26	The Republic of Tanganyika and the Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba unite to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Zanzibar City yields to Dar-es-Salaam as the capital.
1963	December 12	The Republic of Kenya gains independence from the United Kingdom. Nairobi is the capital.
	September 16	The Federation of Malaya unites with the British colonies of Singapore, Sarawak, and British North Borneo (Sabah) to form Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur remains the capital.
	April 25	The Kingdom of Libya supersedes the United Kingdom of Libya. Tripoli remains the capital.
	April 7	Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia changes the name to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Belgrade remains the capital.
		The Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba gains independence from the United Kingdom. Zanzibar City is the capital.
1962	October 9	The Republic of Uganda gains independence from the United Kingdom. Kampala is the capital.
	September 26	The Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) moves its capital from Ta'izz to San'a'.
	September 25	Algeria becomes the People's Democratic Algerian Republic. Algiers remains the capital.
	August 31	The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago gains independence from the United Kingdom. Port of Spain is the capital.
	August 6	Jamaica gains independence from the United Kingdom. Kingston is the capital.
	July 3	Algeria gains independence from the French Republic. Algiers is the capital.
	July 1	The Kingdom of Burundi and the Republic of Rwanda become independent from the Kingdom of Belgium. Bujumbura and Kigali are the respective capitals.
	January 1	Western Samoa gains independence from New Zealand. Apia is the capital.
1961	December 28	The Syrian Arab Republic secedes from the United Arab Republic, leaving Egypt as the sole member of the federation. Cairo remains the capital of the UAR. Damascus is the capital of Syria.
	December 9	The Republic of Tanganyika gains independence from the United Kingdom. Dar-es-Salaam is the capital.
	October 1	The southern portion of British Cameroon gains independence from the United Kingdom and unites with the Republic of Cameroun to form the Republic of Cameroon. Yaoundé is the capital.
	June 23	The Antarctic Treaty System enters force administering the continent of Antarctica and all territory south of the 60th parallel south.
	June 19	The State of Kuwait gains independence from the United Kingdom. Kuwait City is the capital.
	May 31	The Union of South Africa ceases to be a Commonwealth realm and changes its name to the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria, Cape Town and Bloemfontein remain the capitals.
	April 27	The Republic of Sierra Leone gains independence from the United Kingdom. Freetown is the capital.
1960	November 28	The Islamic Republic of Mauritania gains independence from the French Republic. Nouakchott is the capital.
	October 1	The Federal Republic of Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom. Lagos is the capital.
	September 22	The Republic of Mali gains independence from the French Republic. Bamako is the capital.
	August 20	The Republic of Senegal gains independence from the French Republic. Dakar is the capital.
	August 17	The Gabonese Republic (Gabon) gains independence from the French Republic. Libreville is the capital.
	August 16	The Republic of Cyprus gains independence from the United Kingdom. Lefkosia is the capital.
	August 15	The Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) gains independence from the French Republic. Brazzaville is the capital.
	August 13	The Central African Republic gains independence from the French Republic. Bangui is the capital.
	August 11	The Republic of Chad gains independence from the French Republic. N'Djamena is the capital.
	August 7	The Republic of Ivory Coast gains independence from the French Republic. Abidjan is the capital.
	August 5	The Republic of Upper Volta gains independence from the French Republic. Ouagadougou is the capital.
	August 3	The Republic of Niger gains independence from the French Republic. Niamey is the capital.
	August 1	The Republic of Dahomey gains independence from the French Republic. Porto-Novo is the capital.
	July 1	The Somali Republic (Somalia) is created from a merger of the former colonies of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland. Mogadishu is the capital.
	June 30	The Belgian Congo gains independence from the Kingdom of Belgium as the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Léopoldville). Léopoldville remains the capital.
	June 26	The Malagasy Republic (Madagascar) gains independence from the French Republic. Antananarivo is the capital.
	April 27	The Togolese Republic (Togo) gains independence from the French Republic. Lomé is the capital.
	April 21	The Republic of the United States of Brazil moves its capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília.
	January 1	The Republic of Cameroun gains independence from the French Republic. Yaoundé is the capital.

1950s

Year	Date	Event
1958	October 15	The Malagasy Republic (Madagascar) gains autonomy within the French Community. Antananarivo is the capital.
	October 2	The Republic of Guinea gains independence from the French Republic. Conakry is the capital.
	July 14	The Republic of Iraq and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan are created from the dissolution of the Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan. Baghdad remains the capital of Iraq. Amman is again the capital of Jordan.
	February 14	The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan unite to form the Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan. Amman yields to Baghdad as the capital.
	February 1	The Egyptian Republic and the Syrian Arab Republic unite to form the United Arab Republic. Damascus yields to Cairo as the capital.
1957	August 31	The Federation of Malaya gains independence from the United Kingdom. Kuala Lumpur is the capital.
	March 6	The Republic of Ghana gains independence from the United Kingdom. Accra is the capital.
1956	June 18	The Egyptian Republic declares its complete independence from the United Kingdom. Cairo remains the capital.
	March 23	The Dominion of Pakistan declares its complete independence from the United Kingdom as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Karachi remains the capital.
	March 20	The Tunisian Republic gains independence from the French Republic. Tunis is the capital.
	March 2	The Kingdom of Morocco gains independence from the French Republic. Rabat is the capital.
	January 1	The Republic of Sudan gains independence from the United Kingdom. Khartoum is the capital. Egypt relinquishes its claim over Sudan.
1955		The Kingdom of Bhutan makes Thimphu the sole capital.
	May 15	The Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich) regains its independence. Allied occupation ends. Vienna (German: Wien) is the capital.
1954	December 20	The French Republic recognizes the independence of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Phnom Penh remains the capital.
	December 15	The Dutch Territory of Curaçao becomes the Netherlands Antilles and the Dutch Territory of Suriname becomes Suriname with the entry into force of the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Both the Netherlands Antilles and Suriname become nations within the Kingdom of the Netherlands with autonomy over their internal affairs. Willemstad on Curaçao and Paramaribo remain the capitals.
	July 20	The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) become independent from the French Republic. Hanoi and Saigon are the respective capitals.
1953	November 9	The Kingdom of Cambodia declares its independence from the French Republic. Phnom Penh is the capital.
	June 13	The Egyptian Republic supersedes the Kingdom of Egypt. Cairo remains the capital.
1952	July 25	The Territory of Puerto Rico becomes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico upon ratification of the Constitution of Puerto Rico, choosing free association with the United States of America. San Juan remains the capital.
	July 22	The Republic of Poland changes its name to the Polish People's Republic. Warsaw remains the capital.
1951	December 24	The United Kingdom of Libya gains independence from a United Nations trusteeship, having been jointly administered by the French Republic and the United Kingdom. Tripoli is the capital.
	February 15	The Republic of Poland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics exchange territory along their common border.
1950	August 17	The Republic of the United States of Indonesia becomes a unitary state and changes its name back to Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta remains the capital
	January 26	The Union of India declares its complete independence from the United Kingdom as the Republic of India. New Delhi remains the capital.

1940s

Year	Date	Event
1949	December 8	The government of the Republic of China leaves Mainland China for Taiwan where Taipei becomes the de facto capital.
	December 27	The Republic of Indonesia becomes a federation as Republic of the United States of Indonesia and its independence is formally recognised by the Netherlands. The capital returns to Jakarta from Yogyakarta.
	December 5	The State of Israel declares Jerusalem its official capital. Tel Aviv continues to serve as the de facto capital.
	October 7	The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is established in occupied eastern Germany. East Berlin is the capital.
	October 1	The People's Republic of China is established. Beijing is the capital.
	September 7	The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) is established in occupied western Germany. Bonn is the capital.
	July 20	Siam changes its name again to Thailand, preserving the name till today.
	July 9	The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) gains independence from the French Republic. Vientiane is the capital.
	March 31	The Dominion of Newfoundland joins Canada following the Newfoundland referendums, 1948. The capital is St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.
1948	September 9	The Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Republic of Korea are created. Pyongyang and Seoul are the respective capitals.
	July 17	The Republic of the Philippines moves its capital from Manila to Quezon City.
	May 14	The State of Israel declares its independence from the British Mandate for Palestine. Tel Aviv is the capital.
	February 4	Ceylon (Sri Lanka) gains independence from the United Kingdom. Colombo is the capital until 1982.
	January 4	The Union of Burma gains independence from the United Kingdom. Yangon is the capital until 2005.
1947	August 15	The Union of India gains independence from the United Kingdom. New Delhi is the capital.
	August 14	The Dominion of Pakistan gains independence from the United Kingdom. Karachi is the capital.
1946	September 15	The People's Republic of Bulgaria supersedes the Tsardom of Bulgaria. Sofia is the capital.
	July 4	The Republic of the Philippines gains independence from the United States of America. Manila is the capital until 1948.
	May 25	The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan gains independence from a British League of Nations Mandate. Amman is the capital.
	January 11	The People's Republic of Albania supersedes the Kingdom of Albania. Tirana remains the capital.
	January 4	The Republic of Indonesia moves its capital from Jakarta to Yogyakarta.
		The French Republic change the status of the former colonies of Guadeloupe and Martinique for overseas departments and regions, fully incorporating them into the country.
		The French Republic change the status of the former colony of Réunion for overseas department and region, fully incorporating it into the country.
		The French Republic change the status of the former colony of French Guyana for overseas department and region, fully incorporating it into the country.
1945	December 2	The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia supersedes the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Belgrade remains the capital.
	September 8	Thailand changes its name to Siam.
	August 17	The Republic of Indonesia gains independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Jakarta is the capital.
	August 15	Korea gains independence from the Empire of Japan. Seoul is the capital.
	September 2	The Empire of Japan surrenders to Allied Forces.
	May 8	The Greater German Empire surrenders to Allied Forces.
	April 27	The second Republic of Austria is established in occupied Austria. Vienna is the capital. The independence is recognised by the Allied Forces.
1944	June 17	The Republic of Iceland gains independence from the Kingdom of Denmark. Reykjavík is the capital.
1943	November 22	The Lebanese Republic (Lebanon) gains independence from the French Republic. Beirut is the capital.

1930s

Year	Date	Event
1939	July 10	The third German Empire changes its name to the Greater German Empire. Berlin remains as the capital.
	June 23	Siam changes its name to Thailand.
	April 1	The second Spanish Republic is superseded by the Spanish State. Madrid remains the capital.
1938	March 13	The third German Empire absorbs the Federal State of Austria in Anschluss. Vienna yields to Berlin as the capital.
1937		The Irish Free State changes its name to Ireland. Dublin remains the capital.
1936		The name of the colony Curaçao and Dependencies changes to Territory of Curaçao following the implementation of several laws resulting from the abolition of colonies in the Kingdom of the Netherlands already in 1922. Willemstad, Curaçao remains the capital.
1934		The third German Empire supersedes the Weimar Republic. Berlin remains the capital.
		Italian Libya is formed as a merger of the colonies Tripolitania, Cyrenaica as well as Fezzan. The capital is Tripoli.
1932	October 3	The Iraqi Kingdom (Iraq) gains independence from the United Kingdom. Baghdad is the capital.
	September 13	The Socialist Republic of Chile changes its name back to the Republic of Chile. Santiago remains the capital.
	June 4	The Republic of Chile changes its name to the Socialist Republic of Chile. Santiago remains the capital.
1931	December 11	Canada gains independence from the United Kingdom. Ottawa is the capital.
	April 14	The Kingdom of Spain is superseded by the second Spanish Republic. Madrid remains the capital.

1920s

Year	Date	Event
1929	October 3	The Kingdom of Yugoslavia supersedes the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Belgrade remains the capital.
	June 7	The Holy See (Vatican) gains independence from the Kingdom of Italy. Vatican City is the capital.
1928	December 29	The Republic of China establishes Nanking as its official capital, later codified in the 1947 Chinese Constitution.
	September 1	The Kingdom of Albania supersedes the Republic of Albania. Tirana remains the capital.
1927	May 9	The Commonwealth of Australia moves its capital from Melbourne to Canberra.
	April 12	The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland changes its name to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. London remains the capital.
1926	June 9	Afghanistan becomes the Kingdom of Afghanistan. Kabul remains the capital.
		The Belgian Congo moves its capital from Boma to Leopoldville.
1925	July 1	The Republic of China relocates its provisional capital from Nanking to Canton.
	January 22	The Republic of Albania supersedes the Principality of Albania. Tirana remains the capital.
	January 1	The Kingdom of Norway changes the name of its capital from Kristiania to Oslo.
1924	November 26	The Mongolian People's Republic is established. Ulan Bator is the capital.
1923	October 29	The Republic of Turkey is established following the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Ankara is the capital.
1922	December 30	The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic unite to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Tbilisi, Kharkov, and Smolensk yield to Moscow as the capital.
	December 6	The Irish Free State gains independence from the United Kingdom. Dublin is the capital.
	November 17	The Ottoman Empire is dissolved. Its territories are mostly made protectorates of the victorious Allies of World War I.
	March 12	The Socialist Conciliar Republic of Georgia, Azerbaijani Socialist Conciliar Republic, and the Armenian Socialist Conciliar Republic unite to form the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. Baku and Yerevan yield to Tbilisi as the capital.
	February 2	The Kingdom of Egypt gains independence from the United Kingdom. Cairo is the capital.
1921	November 22	The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of Afghanistan. Kabul remains the capital.
	February 25	The Socialist Conciliar Republic of Georgia supersedes the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Tbilisi remains the capital until 1922.
1920	November 29	The Armenian Socialist Conciliar Republic supersedes the Democratic Republic of Armenia. Yerevan remains the capital until 1922.
	April 28	The Azerbaijani Socialist Conciliar Republic supersedes the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. Baku remains the capital until 1922.

1910s

Year	Date	Event
1919	August 14	The Weimar Republic supersedes the second German Empire. Berlin remains the capital.
	August 8	Afghanistan declares its independent from the United Kingdom. Kabul is the capital.
	February 27	The Lithuanian-Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic supersedes the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Vilnius is the capital.
	January 1	The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic supersedes the Belarusian People's Republic. Minsk and Smolensk remain joint capitals.
1918	December 1	The State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia unite to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Zagreb yields to Belgrade as the capital.
	November 28	The Kingdom of Serbia annexes the Kingdom of Montenegro.
	November 18	The Republic of Latvia gains independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Riga is the capital.
	November 14	The Republic of Poland supersedes the Kingdom of Poland. Warsaw remains the capital.
	November 2	The Republic of Lithuania supersedes the Kingdom of Lithuania. Vilnius remains the capital.
	November 1	The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (North Yemen) gains independence from the Ottoman Empire. Ta'izz is the capital.
	October 29	The State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs gains independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Zagreb is the capital.
	July 25	The Independent State of Flanders is reabsorbed by the Kingdom of Belgium.
	July 9	The Kingdom of Lithuania supersedes the State of Lithuania. Vilnius remains the capital.
	May 30	Armenia becomes the Democratic Republic of Armenia. Yerevan remains the capital.
	May 28	Armenia and Azerbaijan Democratic Republic dissolve the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. Yerevan and Baku are the respective capitals.
	May 26	The Democratic Republic of Georgia secedes from the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. Tbilisi is the capital.
	May 11	The Emirate of Chechenia is incorporated into the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus.
	April 22	The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic gains independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Tbilisi is the capital.
	April 19	The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic annexes the Abkhazian Republic (Abkhazia).
	March 25	The Abkhazian Republic (Abkhazia) gains independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Sukhumi is the capital.
	March 25	The Belarusian People's Republic declares its independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Minsk and Hrodna are named the joint capitals.
	March 12	The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic moves its capital from Petrograd to Moscow.
	February 24	The Republic of Estonia gains independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Tallinn is the capital.
	February 16	The State of Lithuania declares its independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Vilnius is named the capital despite occupation by the Kingdom of Poland.
	January 22	The Ukrainian People's Republic gains independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Kiev is the capital.
1917	December 22	The Independent State of Flanders declares its independence from the Kingdom of Belgium. Brussels is the capital.
	December 6	The Republic of Finland gains independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Helsinki is the capital.
	December 2	The Emirate of Chechenia declares its independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Vedeno is the capital.
	November 7	The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic supersedes the Russian Empire. Petrograd remains the capital.
1916	November 5	Germany and Austria-Hungary proclaim establishment of the Kingdom of Poland. Warsaw is the capital.
1914	March 7	Albania becomes the Principality of Albania. Tirana remains the capital.
1912	November 28	Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire. Tirana is the capital.
	January 1	The Republic of China supersedes the Qing Dynasty of China. Nanking is the provisional capital.
1910	October 5	The first Portuguese Republic supersedes the Kingdom of Portugal. Lisbon remains the capital.
	August 22	The Korean Empire is annexed by the Empire of Japan.
	May 31	The Cape Colony, the Colony of Natal, the Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony unite as the Union of South Africa to gain independence from the United Kingdom.
	January 15	The French Republic creates French Equatorial Africa from its colonies of Gabon, Middle Congo, and Oubangui-Chari. Libreville and Bangui yield to Brazzaville as the capital.

1900s

Year	Date	Event
1908	November 15	King Leopold II of Belgium sells his private Congo Free State to the Kingdom of Belgium. The new state is named the Belgian Congo. Boma remains the capital.
	August 5	The Kingdom of Bulgaria gains independence from the Ottoman Empire. Sofia is the capital.
1907	December 17	Ugyen Wangchuck establishes the Kingdom of Bhutan. Punakha is the winter capital and Thimphu is the summer capital.
	September 26	New Zealand gains independence from the United Kingdom. Wellington is the capital.
		The border between the Republic of the United States of Brazil and the Republic of Colombia is defined by the Bogotá Treaty. Brazil gains lands on the margins of the Solimoes River, at the area known as Cabeça de Cachorro (The Dog's Head).
1906		The French Republic divides its colony of French Congo into the colonies of Gabon and Middle Congo. Libreville remains the capital of Gabon. Brazzaville becomes the capital of Middle Congo.
1905	October 26	The Kingdom of Sweden recognises the independence of the Kingdom of Norway.
	June 7	The Kingdom of Norway declares independence from the Kingdom of Sweden through dissolution of the personal union. Kristiania is the capital.
1904		The border between the Republic of the United States of Brazil and English Guyana is defined by arbitration. Almost half of the disputed land goes to each side.
1903	November 11	The Republic of Bolivia and the Republic of the United States of Brazil sign the Treaty of Petrópolis. Bolivia receives land in Mato Grosso from Brazil, and Brazil absorbes the Republic of Acre.
	November 3	The Republic of Panama gains independence from Colombia. Panama City is the capital.
	January 27	The third Republic of Acre declares independence from Bolivia. The capital is Antimary.
1902	May 20	The Republic of Cuba gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Havana is the capital.
1901	January 1	The Commonwealth of Australia is established by federation of the British colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania. Melbourne is the capital until 1927.
1900	March	The first Republic of Acre is reabsorbed by the Republic of Bolivia. At the same year, the second Republic of Acre would be declared (Antimary as the capital) and, again, reabsorbed by Bolivia.
		The border between the Republic of the United States of Brazil and French Guyana is defined by arbitration. The French troops that went to the margins of Araguari River had to repair to the Oiapoque River.

1890s

Year	Date	Event
1899	July 14	The first Republic of Acre declares independence from Bolivia. The capital is Antimary.
1898		The Republic of Bolivia moves its administrative capital from Sucre to La Paz. Sucre remains the constitutional and judicial capital.
	July 25	The United States of America seizes control of Puerto Rico from the Spanish Empire during the Spanish-American War. San Juan, Puerto Rico remains the territorial capital.
	July 7	The United States of America annexes the Republic of Hawaiʻi as the United States Territory of Hawaii. Honolulu remains the capital.
	June 12	The Republica Filipina declares independence from Kingdom of Spain.
1897		The Joseon Dynasty becomes the Korean Empire. Hanseong remains the capital.
1895	October 23	The Republic of Formosa is conquered by the Empire of Japan.
	June	The Republic of Formosa moves its capital from Taipei to Tainan.
	May 23	The Republic of Formosa declares independence from the Qing Dynasty of China. Taipei is its capital.
		The border between the Republic of the United States of Brazil and the Argentine Republic is defined.
1894	July 4	The Republic of Hawaiʻi supersedes the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. Honolulu remains the capital.

1880s

Year	Date	Event
1889	November 15	The Republic of the United States of Brazil supersedes the Empire of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro remains the capital.
1888		The Republic of Honduras moves its capital from Comayagua to Tegucigalpa, ending a century of indecision as to the country's capital.
1886	May 1	The Congo Free State makes Boma the capital.
1885	September 6	The Principality of Bulgaria unifies with Eastern Rumelia. Sofia remains the capital.
	May 2	King Leopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State, a private government run by the International African Association.
1886		Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia founds Addis Ababa, which becomes the new capital of that country.
1882	March 6	The Kingdom of Serbia supersedes the Principality of Serbia. Belgrade remains the capital.
1880		The French Republic establishes the protectorate of French Congo.

1870s

Year	Date	Event
1878	July 13	The Principality of Bulgaria moves its capital to Sofia.
	May 21	The Principality of Romania gains independence from the Ottoman Empire. Bucharest is the capital.
	March 3	The Principality of Bulgaria is established by the Treaty of San Stefano. Plovdiv is the capital.
1874	December 29	The restored Kingdom of Spain supersedes the first Spanish Republic. Madrid remains the capital.
1873	February 11	The first Spanish Republic supersedes the Kingdom of Spain. Madrid remains the capital.
1872		The Empire of Brazil gains lands in the border with Republic of Paraguay after the Paraguayan War.
1871	January 1	The second German Empire supersedes the North German Confederation. Berlin remains the capital.
1870	September 4	The third French Republic supersedes the second French Empire. Paris remains the capital.

1860s

Year	Date	Event
1868	October 10	Cuba declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain.
	October 1	The Bolivian Republic changes its name to the Republic of Bolivia. Sucre remains the capital until 1898.
	January 3	Japan becomes the Empire of Greater Japan. Tokyo remains the capital.
1867	October 18	The Russian Empire sells Alaska to the United States of America. New Archangel (Novoarkhangelsk now Sitka) is the capital.
	July 1	The British colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Canada unite to create the Dominion of Canada. Ottawa is the capital.
		The North German Confederation supersedes the German Confederation. Berlin is the capital.
1865	April 11	The Confederate States of America capitulates and is reabsorbed by the United States of America. The USA will readmit the 11 CSA states to full statehood between July 24, 1866, and July 15, 1870.
	April 3	The Confederate States of America moves its capital to Danville, Virginia.
	March 3	The Dominican Republic regains its independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Santo Domingo is the capital.
1864	July	The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is conquered by the Qing Dynasty of China.
1862	June 3	The Province of Buenos Aires reunites with the Argentine Republic. The capital is moved from Paraná back to Buenos Aires.
1861		The Dominican Republic returns to Spanish rule.
	May 6	The Confederate States of America moves its capital from Montgomery, Alabama, to Richmond, Virginia.
	February 4	The Confederate States of America declares its independence from the United States of America. Montgomery, Alabama, is the capital for three months.
1860	October 1	The Argentine Republic supersedes the Argentine Confederation. Paraná remains the capital until 1862.

1850s

Year	Date	Event
1853	March	The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom establishes its capital at Tianjing.
1852	December 2	The second French Empire supersedes the second French Republic. Paris remains the capital.
	September 11	The Province of Buenos Aires secedes from the Argentine Confederation. The confederation moves its capital to Paraná.
1851	January 11	The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom gains independence from the Qing Dynasty of China.

1840s

Year	Date	Event
1848	February 24	The second French Republic supersedes the Kingdom of France. Paris remains the capital.
	February 2	México surrenders its northern territory to the United States of America at the conclusion of the Mexican-American War.
1847	July 26	The Republic of Liberia gains independence from the United States of America. Monrovia is the capital.
1845	March 1	The Riograndense Republic is reabsorbed by the Brazilian Empire as the province of Rio Grande do Sul again.
1844	April 25	The Republic of Chile gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Santiago is the capital.
	February 27	The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti. Santo Domingo is the capital.
1845	December 29	The Republic of Texas joins the United States of America as the State of Texas.
		The Netherlands splits its colonial possessions in the Americas into two parts: Suriname and Curaçao and Dependencies. Paramaribo remains the capital of Suriname (which convers the mainland), while Willemstad, Curaçao becomes the capital of the six Caribbean islands.
		The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi moves its capital from Lāhainā to Honolulu.
		The United Kingdom moves the capital of the Falkland Islands from Port Louis to Stanley.
1841	February 2	El Salvador becomes independent, officially ending the Federal Republic of Central America. San Salvador is the capital.

1830s

Year	Date	Event
1839	November 17	Guatemala secedes from the Federal Republic of Central America. Guatemala City is the capital.
	August 25	The Peruvian Republic and the Bolivian Republic are formed from the dissolution of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. Lima and Sucre (previously Chuquisaca) are the respective capitals.
	July 24	The Juliana Republic declares independence from Brazil. Laguna is the capital, but the Republic capitulates and is reabsorbed at the same year.
		The Principality of Serbia moves its capital from Kragujevac to Belgrade.
		The Republic of Texas establishes its permanent capital at Austin.
1838	November 5	Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras secede from the Federal Republic of Central America. San José, Managua, and Comayagua are the respective capitals.
1836	October 28	The Republic of North Peru, the Republic of South Peru, and the Bolivian Republic unite to form the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. Tacna is the capital.
	September 6	The Riograndense Republic declares independence from Brazil. Piratini is the first of five provisional capitals.
	August 11	The Republic of North Peru supersedes the Peruvian Republic. Lima remains the capital.
	May 14	México recognizes the independence of the Republic of Texas.
	March 17	The Republic of South Peru secedes from Peruvian Republic. Cusco is the capital.
	March 2	The Republic of Texas declares its independence from México. Washington is the first of six cities that will serve as temporary capital until 1839.
1834		The Federal Republic of Central America moves its capital from Guatemala City to San Salvador.
		The Kingdom of Greece moves its capital from Nafplio to Athens.
1833	January 3	The United Kingdom seizes the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) from Spain. Port Louis becomes the capital.
1831	February 7	Belgium becomes the Kingdom of Belgium. Brussels remains the capital
	January 4	The Argentine Confederation supersedes the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires remains the capital until 1852.
1830	October 4	Belgium declares its independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Brussels is the capital.
	May 13	Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela are created from the dissolution of Gran Colombia. Bogotá, Quito and Caracas are the respective capitals.
	February 3	Ottoman Empire recognizes the independence of Greece. Nafplio is the capital.

1820s

Year	Date	Event
1828	August 27	The Eastern Republic of Uruguay gains independence from Argentina. Montevideo is the capital.
1826	July 9	The Republic of Chile supersedes the State of Chile. Santiago remains the capital.
1825	November 15	The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves changes its name back to the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves. Lisbon remains the capital.
	August 29	The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves recognizes the independence of the Empire of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro remains the capital.
	August 25	The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata supersedes the United Provinces in South America. Buenos Aires remains the capital.
	August 11	The Bolivian Republic gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain at the conclusion of the Bolivian War of Independence. Chuquisaca (later Sucre) is the capital.
		The Netherlands merges its three colonies Suriname, Curaçao and Dependencies (the ABC islands) and Sint Eustatius and Dependencies (the SSS islands). Capital is Paramaribo.
1824	July 2	The Confederation of the Equator declares independence from Brazil. Recife is the capital, but the Confederation capitulates and is reabsorbed at the same year.
1823	July	The Federal Republic of Central America is established from the former countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Costa Rica. Guatemala City is the capital.
1822	December 19	The Peruvian Republic supersedes the State of Peru. Lima remains the capital.
	October 12	The Empire of Brazil supersedes the Independent Kingdom of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro remains the capital.
	September 7	The Independent Kingdom of Brazil declares its independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Rio de Janeiro is the capital.
1821	September 21	The Republic of Costa Rica gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain. San José is the capital.
	September 15	The Republic of Guatemala, the Republic of Honduras, the Republic of Nicaragua and the Republic of El Salvador become independent from the Kingdom of Spain. Guatemala City, Comayagua, Managua, and San Salvador are the respective capitals.
	August 24	The Kingdom of Spain recognizes the independence of México. Mexico City is the capital.
	August 3	Peru becomes the State of Peru. Lima remains the capital.
	July 28	Peru declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Lima is the capital.
	July 3	The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves returns the capital from exile in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Lisbon.
	March 25	Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire. Nafplion is the capital.
		The Argentine Republic (Argentina) gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Buenos Aires is the capital.
1820		The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi establishes its capital at Lāhainā.

1810s

Year	Date	Event
1819	August 7	The Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia) gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Bogotá is the capital.
1818	January 12	The State of Chile again declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Santiago is the capital.
1816	July 9	The United Provinces in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay) declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Buenos Aires remains the capital.
1815	December 16	The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves supersedes the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves. Rio de Janeiro remains the capital-in-exile.
	November 21	Miloš Obrenović establishes the Principality of Serbia. Kragujevac is the capital.
	July 8	The restored Kingdom of France supersedes the first French Empire. Paris remains the capital.
	June 20	The Congress of Vienna establishes the German Confederation. Frankfurt is the capital.
	March 20	The first French Empire supersedes the Kingdom of France. Paris remains the capital.
	March 16	The Kingdom of the Netherlands supersedes the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Amsterdam and Brussels are the joint capitals.
		Sir Robert Brownrigg establishes the Crown Colony of Ceylon. Colombo becomes the capital.
1814	October 2	The Kingdom of Spain reconquers Chile.
	April 6	The restored Kingdom of France supersedes the first French Empire. Paris remains the capital.
1813	December 2	The United Kingdom of the Netherlands is created from the ruins of the first French Empire. Amsterdam is the capital.
	October 19	The Confederation of the Rhine dissolves.
	October 12	Paraguay becomes the Republic of Paraguay. Asunción remains the capital.
	July 23	Malta Colony supersedes Malta Protectorate. Valletta remains the capital.
1811	May 14	Paraguay gains independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Asunción is the capital.
1810	September 18	Chile declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Santiago is the capital.
	September 16	México declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain.
	July 20	Colombia declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain.
	July 13	The Kingdom of Holland (Netherlands) is annexed by the first French Empire.
	May 25	The United Provinces in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay) is created from colonies of the Kingdom of Spain. Buenos Aires is the capital.
		The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi is established by Kalani Paiea Wohi o Kaleikini Keali`ikui Kamehameha o `Iolani i Kaiwikapu kaui Ka Liholiho Kunuiakea.

1800s

Year	Date	Event
1808	March 7	The Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves removes the capital from Lisbon to exile in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1806	August 6	Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, dissolves the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.
	July 25	Napoleon I of France establishes the Confederation of the Rhine. Frankfurt is the capital.
	June 5	The Kingdom of Holland (Netherlands) supersedes the Batavian Republic. Amsterdam remains the capital.
1804	August 11	Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, establishes the Austrian Empire. Vienna is the capital.
	May 18	The first French Empire supersedes the first French Republic. Paris remains the capital.
	March 4	The French Republic sells Louisiane to the United States of America. New Orleans (Nouvelle-Orléans) is the capital.
1801	June 6	The Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Portugal signs the Treaty of Badajoz. Spain cedes the South American Misiones Orientales to Portugal.
		The Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Portugal signs the Treaty of Badajoz. Portugal cedes Olivenza to Spain.
	January 1	Haiti gains independence from the French Republic. Port-au-Prince is the capital.
		The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland unite to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Dublin yields to London as the capital.
1800	November 17	The United States of America establishes its permanent capital at Washington City.
	September 5	French forces in Malta surrender to the British. Malta and Gozo form the Malta Protectorate with Valletta as capital.

1790s

Year	Date	Event
1798	October 28	Gozo gains de facto independence from Malta with Rabat as its capital.
1798	June 11	The Order of Saint John capitulates to French forces and Malta is under French occupation with Valletta remaining the capital.
1797	April 17	The House of Habsburg annexes the Republic of Venice.
1795	May	The Hawaiian Islands are unified to soon become the Kingdom of Hawai'i.
1795	January 19	The Batavian Republic supersedes the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. Amsterdam remains the capital.
1792	September 21	The first French Republic supersedes the Kingdom of France. Paris remains the capital.
1791	March 4	The Vermont Republic joins the United States of America as the State of Vermont.
1790	December 7	The United States of Belgium capitulates to the House of Habsburg.
	January 11	The United States of Belgium declares its independence from the House of Habsburg. Brussels is the capital.

1780s

Year	Date	Event
1783	September 3	The Kingdom of Great Britain recognizes the independence of the United States of America. Princeton is the temporary capital.
1782	April  21	Siam moves its capital from Thonburi to Bangkok, its present location.
1783		Province of Trinidad moves its capital from San José de Oruña to Puerto de España, its present location.

1770s

Year	Date	Event
1777	October 1	The Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Portugal signs the First Treaty of San Ildefonso, confirming almost all the borders defined by the Treaty of Madrid, with the exception that Spain would rule both Colonia del Sacramento and the Misiones Orientales.
	July 8	The Republic of New Connecticut changes its name to the Vermont Republic. Windsor remains the capital.
	June 4	The Republic of New Connecticut moves its capital to Windsor.
	January 15	The Republic of New Connecticut declares its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. Westminster is the temporary capital.
1776	July 4	The United States of America declares its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. Philadelphia is the first of eight cities that will serve as temporary capital until 1800.
1775		The Kingdom of Portugal reunites its South American colonies of State of Brazil, State of Great-Pará and State of Maranhão into the Colony of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is the capital.
1772		The Kingdom of Portugal divides its colony of the State of Great-Pará and Maranhão into State of Great-Pará (capital, Belém) and State of Maranhão (capital, São Luis).
		Ayutthaya having been destroyed in 1767, the new capital of Siam is created in Thonburi.

1760s

Year	Date	Event
1768	December 21	Prithvi Narayan Shah founds the Kingdom of Nepal. Kathmandu is the capital.
1763	February 12	The Kingdom of Portugal moves the capital of its colony of the State of Brazil from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro.
1761	February 12	The Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Portugal signs the Treaty of El Pardo, nulling the Treaty of Madrid.

1750s

Year	Date	Event
1751		The Kingdom of Portugal changes the name of its colony of the State of Maranhão to State of Great-Pará and Maranhão.
1750	January 13	The Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Portugal signs the Treaty of Madrid. Based on the uti possidetis concept, Portugal gains lands on the actual south, central and north regions of Brazil. The treaty also stipulated that Spain would receive the Colonia del Sacramento and Portugal the Misiones Orientales.

1730s

Year	Date	Event
1737		The Kingdom of Portugal moves the capital of its colony of the State of Maranhão from São Luís to Belém.

1710s

Year	Date	Event
1715		The Kingdom of Spain returns Colonia del Sacramento to the Kingdom of Portugal.
1713	March and April	The Treaty of Utrecht is signed. The United Kingdom takes sovereigny over Gibraltar and Minorca from the Kingdom of Spain. Spain also ceded: Sicily and parts of the Duchy of Milan to Savoy; Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan to Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor; lands in South America between Amazon River and Oiapoque River to the Kingdom of Portugal.

1700s

Year	Date	Event
1707	May 1	The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland unite to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.Edinburgh yields to London as the capital for all but judicial functions.

1660s

Year	Date	Event
1660	May 27	The Kingdom of Sweden cedes Trøndelag to the Kingdom of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths as part of the Treaty of Copenhagen.
	April 4	The restored Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland supersede the republican Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. London, Edinburgh, and Dublin are the respective capitals.

1650s

Year	Date	Event
1658	February 26	The Kingdom of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths cedes Skåne, Blekinge, Halland, Bornholm, Båhus and Trøndelag to the Kingdom of Sweden as part of the Treaty of Roskilde.
	December 16	The Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland supersedes the Commonwealth of England, the Kingdom of Scotland, and the Kingdom of Ireland. Edinburgh and Dublin yield to London as the capital.

1640s

Year	Date	Event
1649	May 19	The republican Commonwealth of England supersedes the Kingdom of England. London remains the capital.
1645	August 13	The Kingdom of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths cedes Jämtland, Härjedalen, Idre & Särna, Gotland, Ösel and Halland, the latter for a period of 30 years, to the Kingdom of Sweden as part of the Treaty of Brömsebro.
1644	October 30	The Qing Dynasty of China supersedes the Ming Dynasty. Beijing remains the capital.

1630s

Year	Date	Event
1635		Fasilides makes Gondar the first permanent capital of Ethiopia since the fall of the Zagwe Dynasty

1620s

Year	Date	Event
1628		The Colony of Barbados moves its capital from Saint James Town to Bridgetown.
1627		The Kingdom of England establishes the Colony of Barbados with its capital at Saint James Town.
1621		The Kingdom of Portugal divides the Colony of Brazil into Brazilian State (capital, Salvador) and Maranhão State (capital, São Luis).

1610s

Year	Date	Event
1612		The Kingdom of Portugal reunites the North Brazil and South Brazil into the Colony of Brazil. The capital is Salvador.

1600s

Year	Date	Event
1608		The Kingdom of Portugal divides the Colony of Brazil into North Brazil (capital, Salvador) and South Brazil (capital, Rio de Janeiro) for the second time.

1590s

Year	Date	Event
1594		Virmadhalasuriya I of Sri Lanka moves the capital of the Kingdom of Sri Lanka to Kandy

1580s

Year	Date	Event
1581	July 26	The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands declares its independence from the Kingdom of Spain. Amsterdam is the capital.

1570s

Year	Date	Event
1578		The Kingdom of Portugal reunites the North Brazil and South Brazil into the Colony of Brazil. The capital is Salvador.
1573		The Kingdom of Portugal divides the Colony of Brazil into North Brazil (capital, Salvador) and South Brazil (capital, Rio de Janeiro).
1571		The Order of Saint John moves Malta's capital to Valletta.

1560s

Year	Date	Event
1569	July 1	The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania unite to form the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Vilnius yields to Kraków as the capital.

1540s

Year	Date	Event
1549		The Kingdom of Portugal stablishes a central government for its Colony of Brazil, with Salvador as the capital.
1542		The Kingdom of Ireland supersedes the feudal Lordship of Ireland. Dublin remains the capital.
		The Kingdom of England annexes the Principality of Wales.

1530s

Year	Date	Event
1534		The Kingdom of Portugal divides its Colony of Brazil into 15 independent captaincies.
1532		The Kingdom of France annexes the Duchy of Brittany.
1530	October 26	The Order of Saint John annex Malta and move the capital from Mdina to Vittoriosa.

1520s

Year	Date	Event
1529	April 22	The Treaty of Zaragoza is signed by the Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Portugal, settling the limits between these countries on the East Hemisphere of any discovered land.
1521	August 13	The Kingdom of Spain has declared the Aztec Empire as theirs and established it to New Spain, destroyed and rebuilt Tenochtitlan and change it's to Mexico City, and became the capital of New Spain.
1521		King Mayadunne I moves the capital of Kingdom of Sri Lanka to Sitawaka.

1500s

Year	Date	Event
1500	April 22	The navigation of Pedro Alvares Cabral for the Kingdom of Portugal arrive at Brazilian coast and claims its territory inside the Treaty of Tordesillas, establishing the Portuguese Colony of Brazil.

1490s

Year	Date	Event
1495	June 7	The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed by the Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Portugal, settling the limits between these countries on the West Hemisphere of any discovered land.

1450s

Year	Date	Event
1453	29 May	The Byzantine Empire falls to the Ottoman Empire. The capital of the Ottoman Empire is moved to Constantinople, present day Istanbul.

1420s

Year	Date	Event
1421		The Ming Dynasty of China moves its capital from Nanjing to Beijing.

1410s

Year	Date	Event
1412		King Parakramabahu VI moves the capital of Kingdom of Sri Lanka to Kotte.

1390s

Year	Date	Event
1392		The Joseon Dynasty succeed the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea. Hanseong is the capital.

1360s

Year	Date	Event
1368		The Ming Dynasty supersedes the Yuan Dynasty of China. Nanjing is the capital.

1350s

Year	Date	Event
1350		With the foundation of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, its capital is created in Ayutthaya, instead of the former Sukhothai.

1320s

Year	Date	Event
1325	March 13	The Mexicas (Aztecs) founded Tenochtitlan, the foundation of México. It is the oldest continuous capitol in the Americas.

1280s

Year	Date	Event
1287		King Parakramabahu III moves the capital of the Kingdom of Sri Lanka back to Polonnaruwa.

1270s

Year	Date	Event
1279	March 19	The Song Dynasty is conquered by the Yuan Dynasty of China.
1272		The Yuan Dynasty of China moves its capital from Shangdu to Dadu.
1272	August 10	Yekuno Amlak overthrows the Zagwe dynasty, establishing the Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia. Lalibela ceases to be the capital, and the Emperor of Ethiopia rules from a continually moving encampment around his domains for the following centuries.

1220s

Year	Date	Event
1220		King Vijayabahu III moves the capital of the Kingdom of Sri Lanka to Dambadeniya.

1180s

Year	Date	Event
1185		The Second Bulgarian Empire gains independence from the Byzantine Empire under Peter IV of Bulgaria.

1130s

Year	Date	Event
1139		The Kingdom of Portugal gains independence from the Kingdom of León.

1120s

Year	Date	Event
1127		The Song Dynasty of China moves its capital from Bianjing to Lin'an.

1090s

Year	Date	Event
1097		King William II moves the capital of the Kingdom of England to London.

1050s

Year	Date	Event
1055		King Vijayabahu I moves the capital of the Kingdom of Sri Lanka to Polonnaruwa.

980s

Year	Date	Event
987		Hughe Capet confirmes Paris as the capital of the Kingdom of the West Franks (soon to become the Kingdom of France).

960s

Year	Date	Event
962	February 2	Otto the Great reestablishes the Holy Roman Empire. Rome is the official capital.
960	January 3	Emperor Taizu of Song establishes the Song Dynasty of China. Bianjing remains the capital.

930s

Year	Date	Event
936		Goryeo Dynasty unified the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea.

920s

Year	Date	Event
927	July 12	King Athelstan of Wessex establishes the Kingdom of England. Winchester remains the capital.

910s

Year	Date	Event
918		Emperor Taejo establishes Goryeo Dynasty on the Korean Peninsula. Gaegyeong is the official capital.

840s

Year	Date	Event
843		Charles the Bald, grand-son of Emperor Charlemagne, made Paris the capital of the Kingdom of the West Franks, established as the result of the Treaty of Verdun.

800s

Year	Date	Event
800	December 25	Charlemagne establishes the Holy Roman Empire. While Rome is the official capital of the empire, Aix-la-Chapelle is the de facto capital.

690s

Year	Date	Event
690		King Go establishes Balhae on the Manchuria and northern Korean Peninsula.

680s

Year	Date	Event
681		Khan Asparukh crosses the Danube Delta and settles in the Ongal area (Southern Bessarabia or northern Dobruja). Asparukh, with his Slav allies, defeats Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV and establishes the First Bulgarian Empire. Pliska is the capital.

670s

Year	Date	Event
676		Silla unified the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

630s

Year	Date	Event
630	January 11	The Prophet Muhammad (Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullāh) conquers Mecca and unites Arabia. Medina is the capital.

530s

Year	Date	Event
538		The Baekje of Korea moves its capital from Ungjin to Sabi.

500s

Year	Date	Event
508		Frankish King Clovis the Frank made Paris the capital of the Frankish Kingdom.

470s

Year	Date	Event
476	September 4	Germanic General Odoacer forces Roman Emperor Romulus Augustus to abdicate, bringing the Western Roman Empire to an end.
475		The Baekje of Korea moves its capital from Wirye to Ungjin by pressure of Goguryeo.

420s

Year	Date	Event
427		The Goguryeo of Korea moves its capital from Gungnae to Pyongyang.

390s

Year	Date	Event
395	January 17	At his death, Roman Emperor Theodosius I (Flavius Theodosius) permanently splits the Roman Empire between his two sons. Arcadius (Flavius Arcadius) rules the Eastern Roman Empire from Constantinopolis (now Istanbul, Turkey), and Honorius (Flavius Honorius) rules the Western Roman Empire from Mediolanum (now Milan, Italy).

330s

Year	Date	Event
330	May 11	Roman Emperor Constantine the Great builds a new capital for the Roman Empire at Byzantium which he renames Constantinopolis (now Istanbul, Turkey).

320s

Year	Date	Event
324	September 18	Constantine the Great (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus) reunites the Roman Empire. Nicomedia (now İzmit, Turkey) becomes the capital.

290s

Year	Date	Event
293		Roman co-emperors Diocletian and Maximian split the Roman Empire into a tetrarchy with capitals at Mediolanum (now Milan, Italy), Augusta Treverorum (now Trier, Germany), Nicomedia (now İzmit, Turkey), and Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia).

280s

Year	Date	Event
286	April 1	Roman Emperor Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus) appoints Maximian (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius) co-emperor, splitting the Roman Empire into a dyarchy with capitals at Mediolanum (now Milan, Italy) and Augusta Treverorum (now Trier, Germany).

270s

Year	Date	Event
274		Roman Emperor Aurelian conquers the Palmyrene Empire which is subsumed back into the Roman Empire.
273		Roman Emperor Aurelian (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus) conquers the Gallic Empire which is subsumed back into the Roman Empire.

260s

Year	Date	Event
269		The Palmyrene Empire conquers the Roman Province of Egypt.
260		Syrian Queen Zenobia breaks from the Roman Empire and establishes the Palmyrene Empire. Palmyra is the capital.
		Postumus (Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus) breaks from the Roman Empire and establishes the Gallic Empire. Colonia Agrippina (now Cologne, Germany) is the capital.

First decade

Year	Date	Event
3		The Goguryeo of Korea moves its capital from Jolbon to Gungnae.

Before the Common Era

First Millennium BCE

Year	Date	Event
18 BCE		Onjo establishes Baekje on the central Korean Peninsula. Wiryeseong is the capital.
27 BCE	January 16	The Roman Senate grants Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus the title Augustus. This effectively ends the Roman Republic and establishes the Roman Empire. The city of Rome remains the capital.
30 BCE	August 1	Roman consul Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus conquers the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. Octavianus organizes Egypt as a province under his personal control.
37 BCE		Dongmyeong establishes Goguryeo on the northern Korean Peninsula. Jolbon is the capital.
57 BCE		Hyeokgeose establishes Silla on the southeast Korean Peninsula. Gyeongju is the capital.
194 BCE		Wanggeom-seong becomes the capital of Gojoseon on the Korean Peninsula.
202 BCE	February 28	Gaozu establishes the Han Dynasty of China. Chang'an becomes the capital.
221 BCE		Qin Shi Huang unifies ancient China as the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty of China. Xianyang becomes the capital.
238 BCE		Arsaces I of Parthia establishes the Arsacid Dynasty of Parthia. Hecatompylus becomes the capital.
305 BCE		Macedonian general Ptolemy establishes the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt as King Ptolemy I Soter. Alexandria remains the capital.
312 BCE		Macedonian general Seleucus establishes the Seleucid Empire. Babylon is the capital.
322 BCE		Chandragupta establishes the Maurya Empire of ancient India. Pataliputra (now Patna) is the capital.
330 BCE		Alexander the Great of Macedon conquers Persia. Alexander makes Babylon the capital.
332 BCE		Alexander the Great of Macedon conquers Persian-occupied Egypt and establishes the Argead Dynasty of Egypt as Pharaoh Alexander III. Alexander builds a new capital at Alexandria.
343 BCE		Artaxerxes III of Persia reconquers Egypt and establishes the Persian Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt as Pharaoh Artaxerxes III.
380 BCE	November	Pharaoh Nectanebo I establishes the Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt. Sebennytos becomes the capital.
399 BCE	autumn	Pharaoh Nefaarud I establishes the Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt. Mendes becomes the capital.
404 BCE		Amyrtaeus expels the Persians from Egypt and establishes the Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt as Pharaoh Amyrtaeus. Sais is the capital.
504 BCE		King Panduvasudeva moves the capital of the Kingdom of Lanka to Upatissa Nuwara.
509 BCE		The Roman Republic supersedes the Kingdom of Rome. The city of Rome remains the capital.
515 BCE		Darius the Great moves the capital of the Persian Empire to Persepolis.
525 BCE	May	Cambyses II of Persia conquers Egypt and establishes the Persian Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt as Pharaoh Cambyses II.
543 BCE		King Vijaya establishes the Kingdom of Lanka and makes Tambapanni the new capital.
546 BCE		Cyrus the Great establishes the Persian Empire and makes Pasargadae the new capital.
660 BCE	February 11	Emperor Jimmu establishes the Empire of Japan.
about 664 BCE		Pharaoh Necho I establishes the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt. Sais is the capital.
694 BCE		Deioces is elected the first King of the Medes. Ecbatana (now Hamadan) is the capital.
about 700 BCE		Phoenicians establish a colony in Malta with Maleth as capital.
about 728 BCE		Pharaoh Tefnakhte establishes the Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt. Sais becomes the capital.
about 740 BCE		Nubian King Piye establishes the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt and rules Egypt from Napata in Nubia.
753 BCE	April 21	Romulus establishes the Kingdom of Rome. The new city of Rome becomes the capital.
808 BCE		Karanus establishes the Argead Dynasty of Macedon and builds Aigai to be the capital.
about 875 BCE		Pharaoh Pedubast I establishes the Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt. Thebes is the capital of Upper Egypt.
879 BCE		Ashurnasirpal II moves the capital of the New Assyrian Empire to Kalhu.
911 BCE		Adad-nirari II establishes the New Assyrian Empire. Assur remains the capital.
about 930 BCE		The Kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam I separates from the Kingdom of Judah under Rehoboam. Samaria becomes the capital of Israel, Jerusalem remains the capital of Judah.
about 945 BCE		Pharaoh Shoshenq I establishes the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt. Tanis remains the capital.

Second Millennium BCE

Year	Event
about 1004 BCE	King David conquers the city of Jebus and makes the renamed City of David (now Jerusalem) the capital of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah.
about 1047 BCE	Shaul ben Qysh establishes the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah. Gibeah is the capital.
about 1070 BCE	Pharaoh Nesbanebdjed I establishes the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt. Tanis becomes the capital.
about 1184 BCE	The city-state of Troy is destroyed by Greeks.
about 1188 BCE	Pharaoh Setnakhte establishes the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt. Pi-Ramesses Aa-nakhtu remains the capital.
about 1230 BCE	Pharaoh Ramesses II builds a new capital for the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt at the site of Avaris and names it Pi-Ramesses Aa-nakhtu.
about 1293 BCE	Pharaoh Ramesses I establishes the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Thebes remains the capital.
about 1340 BCE	Ashur-uballit I establishes the Middle Assyrian Empire. Assur is the capital.
about 1534 BCE	Pharaoh Ahmose I establishes the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Thebes remains the capital.
about 1619 BCE	Rahotep Sekhenrewahkhaw establishes the Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt. Thebes remains the capital.
about 1620 BCE	Djehuti establishes the Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Thebes is the capital.
about 1624 BCE	Salitis establishes the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Avaris is the capital.
about 1710 BCE	Nehesy establishes the Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Xois is the capital.
about 1763 BCE	Hammurabi establishes the Babylonian Empire. Babylon remains the capital.
about 1778 BCE	Wegaf Khutawyre establishes the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Amenemhat-itj-tawy remains the capital.
about 1894 BCE	Sumu-abum establishes the First Babylonian Dynasty. Babylon is the capital.
about 1900 BCE	Zulilu establishes the Old Assyrian Empire. Assur is the capital.
about 1983 BCE	Amenemhat I establishes the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt and builds Amenemhat-itj-tawy to be the new capital.

Third Millennium BCE

Year	Event
about 2047 BCE	Ur-Nammu establishes the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur. Ur is the capital.
about 2130 BCE	Mentuhotep I establishes the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt. Thebes becomes the capital of Upper Egypt.
about 2130 BCE	Khety V establishes the Tenth Dynasty of Egypt. Henen-nesut remains the capital of Lower Egypt.
about 2140 BCE	Wakhare Khety I establishes the Ninth Dynasty of Egypt. Henen-nesut becomes the capital of Lower Egypt.
about 2165 BCE	Neferkare Pepiseneb establishes the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt. Memphis remains the capital.
about 2175 BCE	Netjerkare establishes the Seventh Dynasty of Egypt. Memphis remains the capital.
about 2270 BCE	Sargon of Akkad establishes the Sumerian First Dynasty of Akkad. Akkad is the capital.
about 2333 BCE	Dangun Wanggeom establishes Gojoseon on the Korean Peninsula.
about 2380 BCE	Ur-Nanshe establishes the Sumerian First Dynasty of Lagash. Lagash is the capital.
about 2336 BCE	Teti establishes the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt. Memphis remains the capital.
about 2484 BCE	Userkaf establishes the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. Memphis remains the capital.
about 2580 BCE	Mesannepada establishes the First Dynasty of Ur. Ur becomes the de facto capital of Sumer.
about 2655 BCE	Sneferu establishes the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. Memphis remains the capital.
about 2727 BCE	Sanakht establishes the Third Dynasty of Egypt. Memphis becomes the capital.
about 2860 BCE	Hotepsekhemwy establishes the Second Dynasty of Egypt. Thinis remains the capital.

Fourth Millennium BCE

Year	Event
about 3080 BCE	Narmer (or Menes) unites Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt under the First Dynasty of Egypt. Thinis becomes the capital of all Egypt.
about 3200 BCE	The city-states of Thinis, Naqada, and Nekhen dominate Upper Egypt.
about 3200 BCE	The city-states of Eridu, Bad-tibira, Larsa, Sippar, and Shuruppak rise to prominence in Sumer.
about 3850 BCE	The city-state of Sippar establishes the first polynesium of writing.

 2000s   1900s   1800s   1700s   1600s   1500s   1400s   1300s   1200s   1100s   1000s 
 1st Millennium CE   1st Millennium BCE   2nd Millennium BCE   3rd Millennium BCE   4th Millennium BCE 

Africa

Asia

Europe

Oceania

North America

South America

Antarctica

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

See also

• List of Asian country name changes
• List of countries by statehood
• List of extinct states
• List of sovereign states by formation date
• List of timelines
• List of World map changes