Time periods in the Palestine region

Time periods in the region of Palestine summarizes the major time periods in the history of the region of Palestine/Land of Israel, and notes the major events in each time period.

Period
(Archaeological age)
Period name Ruling regime Region names Major events
4000–3300 BC (Copper Age) Pre-history  
  • Initial use of copper, agriculture become the basis of the economy, the formation of the first cities.
3300–1000 BC (Bronze Age and Iron Age I) The Canaanite and Egyptian period
Canaanites / New Kingdom Egypt Canaan / Djahy
1000–732 BC (Iron Age IIA+B) The Israelite period
Ancient Israel and Judah Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) / Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) / Kingdom of Judah / Philistia / Territorial environs of Arabu, Edom, Phoenicia
  • Collapse of Canaanite cities, settlement increase in hill country and Transjordan
  • 1030–930 BC: The United Kingdom of Israel: the kingdom of Saul, Ishbaal, David and Solomon (Biblical sources only, dates are estimated).
  • 928 BC: Kingdom splits into two kingdoms: Israel in the north and Judah (containing Jerusalem) in the south. (Biblical sources only, dates are estimated).
  • Intrusion of Assyria into the region, states and cities lose independence.
732–539 BC (Iron Age IIC) Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian periods Neo-Assyrian Empire and Neo-Babylonian Empire Eber-Nari / Yehud[1][2]
539–332 BC The Persian period Persian Empire Eber-Nari / Province of Judah / Palestina[4][5][6][7]
332–37 BC The Hellenistic period Hellenistic Greece (Ptolemaic / Seleucid Kingdoms), Hasmonean Kingdom Cœle-Syria / Palestine[7][8]/ Hasmonean Judea / Decapolis / Paralia / Acre / Dor
37 BC – 6 AD The Early Roman period Roman Republic / Roman Empire Herodian Judea / Tetrarchy of Judea / Decapolis / Territorial environs of Syria, Aegyptus
6–135 AD The Early Roman period Roman Republic / Roman Empire Judaea (Roman province) / Samaria / Idumea / Galilee / Decapolis
135–324 The Late Roman period Roman Empire Syria Palaestina
  • 260 AD: Short-living Palmyrene Empire emerges in the Levant, splitting from the Roman Empire.
  • 272 AD: Palmyrene Empire is reannexed to Roman Empire. Syria Palaestina restored as Roman province.
324–638 The Byzantine period Byzantine Empire Palaestina I and Palaestina II
638–1099 The Arab Caliphate Period Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid and Fatimid Caliphates Jund Filastin[9]
1099–1260 The Crusader period and the Ayyubid Period The Crusaders, Seljuks and Ayyubids Southern Levant / Kingdom of Jerusalem / Outremer / Palestine / Holy Land
1260–1517 The Mamluk period The Mamluk Damascus Wilayah / Filastin[9]
1517–1917 The Ottoman period Ottoman Empire Ottoman Syria / Southern Syria / Arz-i-Filistin[10][11]
1917–1948 The British Mandate period British Empire Mandatory Palestine
1948 onwards Modern period Israel / Egypt / Jordan / Palestinian National Authority / Hamas Government in Gaza State of Israel / West Bank / Gaza Strip / Palestinian territories / State of Palestine

See also

References

  1. ^ S. Parpola, Neo-Assyrian Toponyms, Alter Orient und Altes Testament. Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Geschichte des Alten Orients und des Alten Testaments 6, Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1970, p. 116
  2. ^ R. Zadok, Geographical Names According to New and Late-Babylonian Texts, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Répertoire Géographique des Textes Cunéiformes 8, Wiesbaden, 1985, p. 129
  3. ^ Chronology of the Israelite Tribes from The History Files (historyfiles.co.uk)
  4. ^ Dandamaev, M (1994): "Eber-Nari", in E. Yarshater (ed.) Encyclopaedia Iranica vol. 7.
  5. ^ Drumbrell, WJ (1971): "The Tell el-Maskuta Bowls and the 'Kingdom' of Qedar in the Persian Period", BASOR 203, pp. 33–44.
  6. ^ Tuell (1991): "The Southern and Eastern Borders of Abar-Nahara", BASOR n. 234, pp. 51–57
  7. ^ a b "Satrapies". Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  8. ^ "From Arrian, the Anabasis of Alexander". www.luc.edu. Archived from the original on 22 October 2003. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  9. ^ a b Guy le Strange (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems from AD 650 to 1500, Translated from the Works of the Medieval Arab Geographers. Florence: Palestine Exploration Fund.
  10. ^ Neville J. Mandel (1976). The Arabs and Zionism before World War I. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02466-4. The Ottoman Government employed the term "Arz-i-Filistin" (the "Land of Palestine") in official correspondence, meaning for all intents and purposes the area to the west of the River Jordan which became "Palestine" under the British in 1922
  11. ^ James Redhouse (1856). An English and Turkish dictionary – via books.google.com.