The Good Citizen was a sixteen-page monthly political periodical edited by Bishop Alma White and illustrated by Reverend Branford Clarke.[1] The Good Citizen was published from 1913 until 1933 by the Pillar of Fire Church at their headquarters in Zarephath, New Jersey in the United States. White used the publication to expose "political Romanism in its efforts to gain the ascendancy in the U.S."[1][2]
 Cover page July 1926 | |
| Editor | Bishop Alma White |
|---|---|
| Staff writers | Alma White, Arthur Kent White, Ray Bridwell White, Charles William Bridwell (1872-1952), Albert L. Wolfram (1877-1962), L. S. Noblitt, Minnie Noblitt |
| Categories | Religious, Political |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Publisher | Pillar of Fire Church |
| First issue | 1913 |
| Final issue | 1933 |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | Zarephath, New Jersey |
| Language | English |
In 1915, the publication's anti-Catholic rhetoric aroused the local population in Plainfield, New Jersey and a mob formed to threaten the Pillar of Fire Church.[3] By 1921, the publication was a strong supporter of the Ku Klux Klan.[4][5]
Content edit
The Good Citizen espoused the political views of Alma White and consisted of essays, speeches and cartoons promoting women's equality, anti-Catholicism, antisemitism, nativism, white supremacy and the Ku Klux Klan.[6][7][8] The tract also contained numerous topically provocative illustrations by Reverend Branford Clarke.
Ku Klux Klan and anti-Catholicism edit
According to Wyn Craig Wade in his 1998 book The Fiery Cross:
[Alma White] was also probably the most active and prolific fundamentalist minister in the 1920s. ... Her value to the Klan, however, came from her viciously anti-Catholic magazine, The Good Citizen, and her easily readable theological tracts that simultaneously found scriptural support for the Invisible Empire [the KKK] and excoriation for the Catholic Church. ... Her books abounded with conspiracy themes: "We hail the K.K.K. in the great movement that is now on foot ... Were it not that the press is throttled by Rome and her Hebrew allies, astounding revelations would be made, showing the public the necessity for the rising of the Heroes of the Fiery Cross."[5]
White supremacy and racism against African Americans edit
The following is from the text of a speech given by Alma White on December 31, 1922 at the Pillar of Fire Church at 123 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, New York and published in the February, 1923 (Vol. 11 No. 2) edition of The Good Citizen. The speech is titled "Ku Klux Klan and Woman's Causes" and the section of the speech which is reprinted below is titled "White Supremacy."
The Klansmen stand for the supremacy of the white race, which is perfectly legitimate and in accordance with the teachings of the Holy Writ, and anything that has been decreed by the Almighty should not work a hardship on the colored race...It is within the rights of civilization for the white race to hold the supremacy; and no injustice to the colored man to stay in the environment where he was placed by the Creator.
... When the black man was liberated it was time for women to be enfranchised, without which the colored man with his newly acquired rank became her political master. Such reflections make one feel that man's delinquency has been almost unpardonable.
...The white women bore the sting of humiliation for more than half a century in being placed in an inferior position to the black men in the use of the ballot and the rights of citizenship...
To whom shall we look to champion the cause and to protect the rights of women? Is there not evidence that the Knights of the Klu [sic] Klux Klan are the prophets of a new and better age?[9]
Books from The Good Citizen edit
White published three books that were compendiums of the essays, speeches and cartoons from it entitled The Ku Klux Klan in Prophecy (1925), Klansmen: Guardians of Liberty (1926), and Heroes of the Fiery Cross (1928). In 1943 White reprinted her Klan books as a three volume set under the title Guardians of Liberty.
In 1929, Ray Bridwell White, White's son and president of Zarephath Bible Institute published The Truth in Satire Concerning Infallible Popes which also was a compendium of his essays that had originally been published in The Good Citizen.
Backlash edit
In 1918, 500 members of the New York City Roman Catholic parish of Our Lady of Lourdes called on the United States Postmaster General to exclude The Good Citizen from the US mail.[3][10]
Existing copies edit
Copies of The Good Citizen are available in six US libraries:
- Brigham Young University Library (extensive collection)
- Denver Public Library
- University of Texas Libraries - Austin
- Duke University Library
- Syracuse University
- New York Public Library (extensive collection)
References edit
- ^ a b Susie Cunningham Stanley (1993). Feminist Pillar of Fire: The Life of Alma White. The Pilgrim Press. p. 162. ISBN 0-8298-0950-3.
... Good Citizen as "God's mouthpiece for exposing political Romanism in its efforts to gain the ascendancy in the United States." ... Drawings by Pillar of Fire member Branford Clarke illustrated the periodical. Predominantly political in content, Clarke's sketches encouraged women to vote ...
- ^ Kathleen M. Blee (1991). Women of the Klan. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07876-5.
White saw her periodical, the Good Citizen, as a mouthpiece for "exposing political Romanism in its efforts to gain the ascendancy in the ...
- ^ a b Alma White (1919). The Story of My Life. Pillar of Fire Church.
... a letter was received by our postmaster at Zarephath, forbidding any more of the January issue of The Good Citizen to be mailed. ... It was our magazine, The Good Citizen, that aroused the beast in Plainfield. When the mob was massed in front of the trolley station at Bound Brook they ...
- ^ "The good of the Klan". FieryCross.org. Archived from the original on June 30, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
Bishop White praised the Klan by sermon, book, and in the church's Good Citizen publication.
- ^ a b Wyn Craig Wade (1998). The fiery cross: the Ku Klux Klan in America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512357-3.
- ^ Lynn Neal (June 2009). "Christianizing the Klan: Alma White, Branford Clarke, and the Art of Religious Intolerance". Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture. 78 (2): 350–378. doi:10.1017/S0009640709000523. S2CID 162426152.
White's words and Clarke's imagery combined in various ways to create a persuasive and powerful message of religious intolerance.
- ^ Kristen Kandt (2000). "Historical Essay: In the Name of God; An American Story of Feminism, Racism, and Religious Intolerance: The Story of Alma Bridwell White". American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law. 8 (3): 753. Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
Alma White and the Pillar of Fire were unique, however, in their public alliance with the Ku Klux Klan. In fact, the Pillar of Fire was the only religious group to publicly associate itself with the Klan.
- ^ Alma White (1928). Heroes of the Fiery Cross.
I believe in white supremacy. ...
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Alma White (February 1, 1923). "White Supremacy". The Good Citizen. Pillar of Fire Church.
- ^ "Catholics Make Protest. Ask That "Good Citizen" Weekly Be Barred from the Mail". The New York Times. July 1, 1918. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
External links edit
- Images published in The Good Citizen on Flickr
Further reading edit
- Stanley, Susie Cunningham (1993). Feminist Pillar of Fire: The Life of Alma White. The Pilgrim Press. ISBN 0-8298-0950-3.
- White, Alma (1925). The Ku Klux Klan in Prophecy. Pillar of Fire Church.
- White, Alma (1926). Klansmen: Guardians of Liberty. Pillar of Fire. ISBN 1-4254-9000-X.
- White, Alma (1928). Heroes of the Fiery Cross. Pillar of Fire Church.