Te Arawa is a confederation of Māori iwi and hapū (tribes and sub-tribes) of New Zealand who trace their ancestry to the Arawa migration canoe (waka).[1] The tribes are based in the Rotorua and Bay of Plenty areas and have a population of around 60,117 according to the 2018 census making it the 6th biggest iwi in New Zealand.[2] The Te Arawa iwi also comprises 56 hapū (sub-tribes) and 31 marae (family groupings).[3]
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History edit
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The history of the Te Arawa people is inextricably linked to the Arawa canoe.[1]
The Te Arawa tribes have a close historical interest in the lakes around Rotorua.
Many Te Arawa men fought for the Colonial Government in the New Zealand Wars that occurred in the mid-19th century in the North Island of New Zealand. Perhaps in part, for this reason, the iwi chose to negotiate directly with the New Zealand Government over their historical grievances, bypassing the Waitangi Tribunal. A series of negotiations has resulted in several settlements of their various claims, the largest of which involve the settlement relating to the 14 lakes, signed in December 2004,[4] and the settlement for all the historical claims of a cluster of Te Arawa iwi and hapu signed on 30 September 2006. The Government apologised to Te Arawa for breaches of the Treaty and paid $36 million in compensation, including up to 500 km² of Crown forest land, as well as 19 areas of special significance, including the Whakarewarewa Thermal Springs Reserve.[5]
On 18 December 2015 Te Arawa gained the right to vote in committee meetings of the Rotorua Lakes Council via an iwi partnership board, Te Tatau o Te Arawa.[6]
Te Arawa FM is the radio station of Te Arawa iwi, including Ngāti Pikiao, Tūhourangi and Ngāti Whakaue. It was established in the early 1980s and became a charitable entity in November 1990.[7] The station underwent a major transformation in 1993, becoming Whanau FM.[8] One of the station's frequencies 99.1 was taken over by Mai FM in 1998; the other became Pumanawa 89FM before later reverting to Te Arawa FM.[9] It is available on 88.7 FM in Rotorua the 99.1 frequency is now broadcasting commercial station The Heat 991 FM which started broadcasting 15 April 2015.[10]
Constituent iwi and hapu edit
The iwi and hapu that constitute Te Arawa include:
- Ngati Whakaue, Ngati Rangiteaorere, Ngati Pikiao, Ngati Makino, Ngati Rangitihi, Ngati Rangiwewehi, Tapuika, Waitaha, Ngati Ngararanui, Ngati Rongomai, Ngati Tahu, Ngati Whaoa, Ngati Tarawhai, Ngati Te Roro o Te Rangi, Ngati Kea Ngati Tuara, Ngati Tura-Ngati Te Ngakau, Ngati Uenukukōpako, Tūhourangi, Ngāti Hei, Ngāti Huarere, Ngati Wahiao Ngati Manawa, and Ngati Tuwharetoa.[citation needed]
References edit
- ^ a b "Te Arawa". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
- ^ "Demographics". Te Whata. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ "About". Te Arawa Lakes Trust. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Stokes, Jon (30 September 2006). "$200m treaty deal makes tribe 'a force'". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
- ^
McLachlan, Leigh Marama (18 December 2015). "Rotorua iwi and council in new partnership". Te Ao Maori. Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
Local iwi are being given the right to vote in committee meetings at the Rotorua Lakes Council. [...] The council has entered into a new partnership with Te Arawa which will see iwi more involved in decision making. [...] Today, it launched a new iwi partnership board, Te Tatau o Te Arawa.
- ^ "About Te Arawa". Te Arawa Online. Te Arawa Communications. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
- ^ "Major transformation for Te Arawa iwi radio station". No. 14. Kia Hiwa Ra. September 1993. p. 8.
- ^ "Rotorua". Welcome to the Radio Vault. New Zealand: The Radio Vault. 18 January 2009. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ "Iwi Radio Coverage" (PDF). maorimedia.co.nz. Māori Media Network. 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2015.