Symphurus

Symphurus
Northern Tonguefish (S. pusillus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Pleuronectiformes
Family: Cynoglossidae
Genus: Symphurus
Rafinesque, 1810
Species

See text

Symphurus is a genus of tonguefishes. They are distinguished by merged dorsal, caudal, and anal fins, the absence of a lateral line and pectoral fins, and the presence of only one pelvic fin. They are sinistral flatfishes, meaning that as adults their craniums are asymmetrical with both eyes on the left side. The largest species grows to 30 cm long.[1]

Species

There are currently 74 recognized species in this genus:[2]

  • Symphurus arawak C. R. Robins & J. E. Randall, 1965 (Caribbean tonguefish)
  • Symphurus atramentatus D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890 (Inkspot tonguefish)
  • Symphurus atricaudus (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1880) (California tonguefish)
  • Symphurus australis McCulloch, 1907
  • Symphurus bathyspilus Krabbenhoft & Munroe, 2003
  • Symphurus billykrietei Munroe, 1998 (Kriete's tonguefish)
  • Symphurus callopterus Munroe & Mahadeva, 1989 (Chocolate tonguefish)
  • Symphurus caribbeanus Munroe, 1991
  • Symphurus chabanaudi Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 (Chabanaud's tonguefish)
  • Symphurus civitatium Ginsburg, 1951 (Offshore tonguefish)
  • Symphurus diabolicus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 (Devil's tonguefish)
  • Symphurus diomedeanus (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1885) (Spottedfin tonguefish)
    Spottedfin tonguefish, S. diomedeanus
  • Symphurus elongatus (Günther, 1868) (Elongate tonguefish)
  • Symphurus fasciolaris C. H. Gilbert, 1892 (Banded tonguefish)
  • Symphurus fuscus A. B. Brauer, 1906
  • Symphurus gilesii (Alcock, 1889)
  • Symphurus ginsburgi Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976 (Ginsburg's tonguefish)
  • Symphurus gorgonae Chabanaud, 1948 (Gorgonian tonguefish)
  • Symphurus hondoensis C. L. Hubbs, 1915
  • Symphurus insularis Munroe, Brito & C. Hernández, 2000
  • Symphurus jenynsi Evermann & Kendall, 1907 (Jenyn's tonguefish)
  • Symphurus kyaropterygium Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976
  • Symphurus leei D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890 (Lee's tonguefish)
  • Symphurus ligulatus (Cocco, 1844) (Elongate tonguesole)
  • Symphurus lubbocki Munroe, 1990
  • Symphurus luzonensis Chabanaud, 1955
  • Symphurus macrophthalmus Norman, 1939
  • Symphurus maculopinnis Munroe, J. Tyler & Tunnicliffe, 2011
  • Symphurus maldivensis Chabanaud, 1955
  • Symphurus marginatus (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1886) (Margined tonguefish)
    Margined tonguefish, S. marginatus
  • Symphurus marmoratus Fowler, 1934
  • Symphurus megasomus M. Y. Lee, Hong Ming Chen & K. T. Shao, 2009 (Giant tonguefish)
  • Symphurus melanurus H. W. Clark, 1936 (Drab tonguefish)
  • Symphurus melasmatotheca Munroe & Nizinski, 1990 (Blackstripe tonguefish)
  • Symphurus microlepis Garman, 1899 (Smallfin tonguefish)
  • Symphurus microrhynchus (M. C. W. Weber, 1913)
  • Symphurus minor Ginsburg, 1951 (Largescale tonguefish)
  • Symphurus monostigmus Munroe, 2006
  • Symphurus nebulosus (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1883) (Freckled tonguefish)
    Freckled tonguefish, S. nebulosus
  • Symphurus nigrescens Rafinesque, 1810 (Tonguesole)
  • Symphurus normani Chabanaud, 1950 (Norman's tonguesole)
  • Symphurus novemfasciatus S. C. Shen & W. W. Lin, 1984
  • Symphurus ocellaris Munroe & D. R. Robertson, 2005 (Ringtail tonguefish)
  • Symphurus ocellatus von Bonde, 1922 (Double-spot tonguesole)
  • Symphurus oculellus Munroe, 1991
  • Symphurus oligomerus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 (Spotfin tonguefish)
  • Symphurus ommaspilus J. E. Böhlke, 1961 (Ocellated tonguefish)
  • Symphurus orientalis (Bleeker, 1879)
  • Symphurus parvus Ginsburg, 1951 (Pygmy tonguefish)
  • Symphurus pelicanus Ginsburg, 1951 (Longtail tonguefish)
  • Symphurus piger (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1886) (Deepwater tonguefish)
    Deepwater tonguefish, S. piger
  • Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus, 1766) (Blackcheek tonguefish)
  • Symphurus plagusia (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Duskycheek tonguefish)
  • Symphurus prolatinaris Munroe, Nizinski & Mahadeva, 1991 (Halfstriped tonguefish)
  • Symphurus pusillus (Goode & T. H. Bean, 1885) (Northern tonguefish)
  • Symphurus regani M. C. W. Weber & de Beaufort, 1929
  • Symphurus reticulatus Munroe, 1990
  • Symphurus rhytisma J. E. Böhlke, 1961 (Patchtail tonguefish)
  • Symphurus schultzi Chabanaud, 1955
  • Symphurus septemstriatus (Alcock, 1891) (Sevenband tonguesole)
  • Symphurus stigmosus Munroe, 1998 (Blotchfin tonguefish)
  • Symphurus strictus C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Blackbelly tonguesole)
  • Symphurus tessellatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
  • Symphurus thermophilus Munroe & Hashimoto, 2008
  • Symphurus trewavasae Chabanaud, 1948 (Trewavas' tonguefish)
  • Symphurus trifasciatus (Alcock, 1894) (Threeband tonguesole)
  • Symphurus undatus C. H. Gilbert, 1905
  • Symphurus undecimplerus Munroe & Nizinski, 1990 (Dark cheek tongue)
  • Symphurus urospilus Ginsburg, 1951 (Spottail tonguefish)
  • Symphurus vanmelleae Chabanaud, 1952 (Vanmelle’s tonguefish)
  • Symphurus variegatus (Gilchrist, 1903)
  • Symphurus varius Garman, 1899 (Mottled tonguefish)
  • Symphurus williamsi D. S. Jordan & Culver, 1895 (William's tonguefish)
  • Symphurus woodmasoni (Alcock, 1889)
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References

  1. ^ Tyler, J. (2005). Distribution, population characteristics and trophic ecology of a sulphophilic hydrothermal vent tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) M.Sc. Thesis. University of Victoria: Canada.
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). Species of Symphurus in FishBase. October 2012 version.
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Last modified on 10 March 2013, at 23:47