The Symphony No. 4 in C minor, D 417, is a symphony by Franz Schubert completed in April 1816[1] when Schubert was 19 years old, a year after his Third Symphony However, it was not premiered until November 19, 1849, in Leipzig, more than two decades after Schubert's death.[2] The symphony was called the Tragic (German: Tragische) by its composer.
Structure edit
Schubert added the title Tragic to his autograph manuscript some time after the work was completed.[1] It is not known why. It can be noted, however, that the symphony is one of only two he wrote (the Unfinished Symphony is the other) in a minor key. The scoring is for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets in B♭, two bassoons, four horns in A♭, C and E♭, two trumpets in C and E♭, timpani, and strings. There are four movements, and a performance lasts around 30 minutes.
- Adagio molto – Allegro vivace (C minor – C major) (286 bars)
- Andante (A♭ major) (271 bars)
- Menuetto Allegro vivace (54 bars) – Trio (E♭ major) (32 bars)
- Allegro (C minor – C major) (486 bars)
![\relative c' {
\tempo "Adagio molto"
\key c \minor
\time 3/4
c2.\ff->\fermata | r4 c\p as'~ | as8 (fis g4) f'!~-> | f8 [(d es)]
}](http://upload.wikimedia.org/score/5/g/5ggh3tlo0ufyzcphhorx1p8lawvr0pz/5ggh3tlo.png)
The slow introduction is modeled after Haydn's The Representation of Chaos overture to The Creation oratorio.[1][3] The opening theme of the Allegro of the first movement derives from the opening theme of Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartet, Op. 18 No. 4 in the same key.[1]
The slow movement is in ABABA form, which would be a favorite form for most of Schubert's future symphonic slow movements.[1] The themes in the B section are not new. They are developed from the Allegro theme of the first movement and the themes of the A section. The second appearance of B, the third return of A and the beginning of the coda have a sixteenth-note ostinato accompaniment added to help bring cohesiveness to the sections. This was a device that Beethoven had previously used in the slow movements of his Op. 18 No. 1 quartet and his Pathetique sonata.[1]
Notes edit
- ^ a b c d e f Brown, A. Peter, The Symphonic Repertoire (Volume 2). Indiana University Press (ISBN 025333487X), pp. 598–603 (2002).
- ^ Signale für die musikalische Welt, 1849, p. 396: "Monday, November 19, 1849... Symphony in C minor by Franz Schubert. For the first time... a previously unknown symphony ..." (translated)
- ^ Newbould, Brian, Schubert and the Symphony: A New Perspective, p. 86–109, Toccata Press (1992) ISBN 978-0-907689-27-0
External links edit
- Symphony No. 4: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Program about Schubert's Fourth Symphony from the BBC Radio 3 series Discovering Music, contains an analysis of the work followed by a complete performance
- Performance by the Gardner Chamber Orchestra conducted by Douglas Boyd, from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format
