The Sumas First Nation (Halkomelem: Sema:th[1]) Sumalh or Sumas Indian Band is a band government of the Sto:lo people[2] located in the Upper Fraser Valley region, at the community of Kilgard a.k.a. Upper Sumas, part of Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada.[3] They are a member government of the Sto:lo Nation tribal council.
Its governance structure is a custom electoral system.[2] The current chief is Dalton Silver.[2] The official language is Halq'eméylem.[2]
The group occupies the region near the Sumas Prairie, and historically used Sumas Lake as "our supermarket, our shopping center," before it was drained by colonial authorities who wanted to farm the land underneath. When the lake was drained, the First Nation was pushed onto a nearby reserve so that settlers could use the fertile soil underneath the lake. The First Nation occupies higher ground near the Prairie, not the prairie on the lakebed itself, so they did not have to evacuate when the former lake flooded during the November 2021 Pacific Northwest floods.[4]
Before 1962 the people were known as Sumas (Kilgard)[2] and are distinct from the Leqʼ a꞉ mel who were also known as the Sumas before 1962.[5] Other previous names include: Nicomen Slough, Somass River and Sumas Tribe.[2] The name "Sumas" means "big flat opening" [2] or "land without trees" and is derived from a Cowichan tribe.[6]
Their reserve land area covers 245.3 hectares[7] and has a population of 332.[8] In 2021, 60 hectares of government land adjacent to Fraser River Heritage Park and the Pekw’xe:yles Indian Reserve, the former site of St. Mary's Indian Residential School, was transferred to the Leq’á:mel, Matsqui (Mathexwi) and Sumas (Semá:th) First Nations Society.[9][10] Not being reserve land, the property remains under provincial and local government laws.[9] Most of it was leased back to the government for use as a park and recreational area.[9][10] The property also contains pre-contact archaeological sites.[9]
The First Nation band council runs a number of businesses including Semath Industries.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Sumas First Nation website, Q&A page
- ^ a b c d e f g "Sumas First Nation". Prince George, British Columbia, Canada: British Columbia Assembly of First Nations. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
- ^ Indian and Northern Affairs Canada First Nation Detail
- ^ "Sumas First Nation chief reflects on 'disaster' B.C. flooding where lake used to be". Global News. Globalnews.ca. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ^ "Leq'a: mel". Prince George, British Columbia, Canada: British Columbia Assembly of First Nations. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ Dougherty, Phil (November 5, 2009). "Sumas — Thumbnail History". Seattle, Washington: History Ink/HistoryLink. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
- ^ "Sumas First Nation | BC Assembly of First Nations". Archived from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
- ^ "Sumas First Nation - Province of British Columbia". .gov.bc.ca. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Mills, Kevin (June 26, 2020). "Historic land-transfer agreement in works between District of Mission, First Nations, province". Mission, British Columbia, Canada: Mission City Record. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
- ^ a b Penner, Patrick (July 21, 2021). "Historic agreement signed in Mission transfers 60 hectares of Crown land back to First Nations". Mission, British Columbia, Canada: Mission City Record. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
External links edit
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