Sulaymān Sayyid al-Dawla (or Sulaymān ibn Hūd) was the Hudid ruler of the taifas of Dénia in 1090–1092 and Lleida and Tortosa in 1090–1099.[1]
Sulaymān was the son and successor of Mundhir al-Ḥājib.[2] He was a minor at his accession and was under the guardianship of three men of the Banū Batīr,[2] although the Memoirs of ʿAbd Allāh of Granada mentions a single vizier.[3] The regents divided the taifa between them, one holding Dénia, one Tortosa and another Játiva.[2] They negotiated the payment of a large annual tribute (parias) of 50,000 dinars to the warlord El Cid.[4] They also ceded to El Cid the towns of Lucena, Moleta and Villafranca.[5] The vizier of Játiva had the castle of Peña Cadiella razed after offering it to El Cid in lieu of tribute.[6] Sulaymān's residence was in Dénia.[5]
In 1091 or 1092, the Almoravids took Dénia and Játiva. Sulaymān fled to Tortosa.[7] The latest dirhams struck in his name at Dénia are from 1090 (AH 483), while the sequence struck at Tortosa goes from 1090 down to 1099 (AH 492).[2] In 1092, Sulaymān supplied troops to El Cid for the latter's campaign against García Ordóñez. Later that year, the fleets of the republics of Genoa and Pisa] in concert with the land forces of Aragon and Barcelona laid siege to Tortosa. They were beaten off, with the Aragonese suffering sever losses.[8] The Almoravids took Tortosa sometime after their capture of Valencia in 1102.[9]
Notes edit
- ^ Tibi 1986, p. 230. For Lleida, see Menéndez Pidal 2016, p. 285.
- ^ a b c d Tibi 1986, p. 230.
- ^ Tibi 1986, p. 95.
- ^ Tibi 1986, p. 230; Menéndez Pidal 2016, p. 262.
- ^ a b Menéndez Pidal 2016, p. 262.
- ^ Menéndez Pidal 2016, p. 277.
- ^ Seybold & Huici Miranda 1965 gives 1091, while Tibi 1986, p. 230, and Menéndez Pidal 2016, p. 297, give 1092.
- ^ Menéndez Pidal 2016, p. 287.
- ^ Viguera Molins 2000.
Bibliography edit
- Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (2016) [1934]. The Cid and His Spain. Vol. 1. Routledge.
- Seybold, C. F. & Huici Miranda, A. (1965). "Dāniya". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 111–112. OCLC 495469475.
- Tibi, Amin T., ed. (1986). The Tibyān: Memoirs of ʿAbd Allāh b. Buluggīn, Last Zīrid Amīr of Granada — Translated from the Emended Arabic Text and Provided with Introduction, Notes and Comments. E. J. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004624207.
- Viguera Molins, María Jesús (2000). "Ṭurṭūsha". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 738–739. ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7.