Stenosis (from Ancient Greek στενός (stenós) 'narrow') is the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure such as foramina and canals. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture).[3]

Stenosis
Other namesStenoses
CT scan of a bronchial stenosis (arrow) that resulted from tracheobronchial injury
Pronunciation

Stricture as a term is usually used when narrowing is caused by contraction of smooth muscle (e.g. achalasia, prinzmetal angina); stenosis is usually used when narrowing is caused by lesion that reduces the space of lumen (e.g. atherosclerosis).[4] The term coarctation is another synonym,[5] but is commonly used only in the context of aortic coarctation.[6][7]

Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis after a procedure.[8]

Examples edit

Examples of vascular stenotic lesions include:

Types edit

In heart valves edit

The types of stenoses in heart valves are:

Elsewhere edit

Stenoses/strictures of other bodily structures/organs include:

Causes edit

Diagnosis edit

Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with unusual blood sounds resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. This sound can be made audible by a stethoscope, but diagnosis is generally made or confirmed with some form of medical imaging (such as ultrasound).[10]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ OED 2nd edition, 1989, as /stɪˈnəʊsɪs/.
  2. ^ "Definition of STENOSIS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
  3. ^ "Dorlands Medical Dictionary:stenosis". www.mercksource.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
  4. ^ "Atherosclerosis - What Is Atherosclerosis?". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 24 March 2022.
  5. ^ "coarctation" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  6. ^ "Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA)". American Heart Association.
  7. ^ Groenemeijer, B. E.; Bakker, A.; Slis, H. W.; Waalewijn, R. A.; Heijmen, R. H. (July 2008). "An unexpected finding late after repair of coarctation of the aorta". Netherlands Heart Journal. 16 (7): 260–263. doi:10.1007/bf03086158. PMC 2516290. PMID 18711614.
  8. ^ Forgos, Richard N. (August 2004). "Restenosis After Angioplasty and Stenting".
  9. ^ "Carotid Artery Stenosis". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. 15 March 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  10. ^ Takekawa, Hidehiro; Tsukui, Daisuke; Kobayasi, Saro; Suzuki, Keisuke; Hamaguchi, Hirotoshi (October 2022). "Ultrasound diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis and occlusion". Journal of Medical Ultrasonics. 49 (4): 675–687. doi:10.1007/s10396-022-01259-7. PMID 36175716. S2CID 252622616.

External links edit