Holyoake Range (82°13′S 160°0′E / 82.217°S 160.000°E) is a mountain range in the Ross Dependency of Antarctice. It is in the southern section of the Churchill Mountains, part of the Transantarctic Mountains System.
| Holyoake Range | |
|---|---|
  Antarctica | |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | Mount Hunt |
| Elevation | 3,240 m (10,630 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Antarctica |
| Region | Ross Dependency |
| Range coordinates | 82°13′S 160°0′E / 82.217°S 160.000°E |
Location edit
The range extends in a northwest–southeast direction for about 25 nautical miles (46 km).[1] The Starshot Glacier runs east past the north of the range.[2] The Prince Philip Glacier runs south-south-east along the range's west side, and the Errant Glacier runs south-south-east along its east side. Both join the Nimrod Glacier, which runs northeast past the range's south end. The Cobham Range is to the west, on the other side of the Prince Philip Glacier.[3]
Topology and Geology edit
The Holyoake Range is a largely ice-free limestone massif. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) wide on average. The peaks rise steadily from Cambrian Bluff in the south at 4,880 feet (1,490 m) to Mount Hunt further north at 10,525 feet (3,208 m). The range rises abruptly from the bordering glaciers and has a subrectangular plan. This suggests it gained its present form from block faulting during the Victoria Orogeny.[4]
The bulk of the Holyoake and Swithinbank Ranges are made up of the Shackleton Limestone formation, which lies unconformably on an unweathered surface cut across beds of the Goldie Formation north of the Nimrod Glacier. It includes the Cambrian limestone that crops out between the Byrd and Nimrod Glaciers and in the upper Beardmore Glacier.[5]
Name edit
The Holyoake Range was named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) for the Rt. Hon. Keith Holyoake who, first as Minister of Agriculture, then as Prime Minister, and later as Leader of the Opposition, gave strong support to New Zealand participation in the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1956–58.[6]
Glaciers edit
Prince Philip Glacier edit
82°21′S 159°55′E / 82.350°S 159.917°E. Glacier flowing south for about 20 miles (32 km) between Cobham and Holyoake Ranges into Nimrod Glacier. Named by the NZ-APC for Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, husband of Queen Elizabeth II.[7]
Errant Glacier edit
82°21′S 160°58′E / 82.350°S 160.967°E. Glacier, 15 miles (24 km) long, which lies on the east side of Holyoake Range and drains south into Nimrod Glacier. This glacier offered a route to the southern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) (1960–61) when they journeyed north from Nimrod Glacier in December 1960. Named by them to describe the zigzag route of the party in traveling on the glacier in search for a route north.[8]
Features edit
Geographical features from north to south include:[3]
Mount Richter edit
81°58′S 158°47′E / 81.967°S 158.783°E. A mountain rising to 2,550 metres (8,370 ft) between Gutenberg Glacier and upper Starshot Glacier in north Holyoake Range, Churchill Mountains. The mountain is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Cerberus Peak. Named after Charles Francis Richter, American physicist, California Institute of Technology, 1930–70; in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, 1935, he developed the Richter Scale which bears his name, used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.[9]
Cerberus Peak edit
82°01′00″S 158°46′00″E / 82.0166667°S 158.7666667°E A prominent peak, 2,765 metres (9,072 ft) high, at the head of Prince Philip Glacier, 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) northwest of Hunt Mountain. The name was suggested by the Holyoake, Cobham and Queen Elizabeth Ranges Party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1964-65. Named after Cerberus, three-headed canine guardian of the gate to Hades in Greek mythology.[10]
Castle Crags edit
82°01′S 159°12′E / 82.017°S 159.200°E. Prominent jagged peaks 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Hunt Mountain, on the ridge extending north from the Holyoake Range. Named by the NZGSAE (1964–65) for their castellated appearance.[11]
Hunt Mountain edit
82°05′S 159°16′E / 82.083°S 159.267°E. Mountain, 3,240 metres (10,630 ft) high, which stands in the north part of the Holyoake Range and is its highest point. Mapped by the southern party of the NZGSAE (1960-61) and named for Capt. P.J. Hunt, RE, leader of the party. Not: Mount Hunt.[12]
Stark Ridge edit
81°58′00″S 159°31′00″E / 81.9666667°S 159.5166667°E. A narrow ridge that extends from the east part of Hunt Mountain, and trends north for 11 miles (18 km) to the sharp nort-north-east turn in Starshot Glacier. Several summits rise from the ridge which separates Sivjee Glacier and Mansergh Snowfield. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Antony A. Stark, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA; U.S. Antarctic Project (USAP) principal investigator for the Antarctic submillimeter telescope and remote observatory at the South Pole, 1991-2002.[13]
Adams Bluff edit
82°09′S 159°55′E / 82.150°S 159.917°E. A bluff standing 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Peters Peak in the Holyoake Range of the Churchill Mountains. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1960–62. Named by US-ACAN for Paul L. Adams, USARP meteorologist at Byrd Station, 1961–62, 1962–63, and at McMurdo Station, 1963-64, 1964-65.[14]
Peters Peak edit
82°14′S 160°04′E / 82.233°S 160.067°E. Snow-covered peak, 2,220 metres (7,280 ft) high, standing 4 miles (6.4 km) northof Melrose Peak in the central part of Holyoake Range. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1960-62. Named by US-ACAN for Merrill J. Peters, USARP field assistant, 1962–63.[15]
Melrose Peak edit
82°19′S 160°14′E / 82.317°S 160.233°E A peak 4 mi S of Peters Peak in the Holyoake Range. Mapped by the USGS from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1960–62. Named by US-ACAN for Robert L. Melrose, USARP meteorologist at Hallett Station, 1963–64.[16]
Cambrian Bluff edit
82°25′S 160°33′E / 82.417°S 160.550°E. Prominent bluff jutting into the north side of Nimrod Glacier and forming the south end of the Holyoake Range. Named by the southern party of the NZGSAE (1960–61) because the bluff is faced with vast seams of pink and white marble.[17]
Nearby features edit
Mansergh Snowfield edit
82°01′S 159°50′E / 82.017°S 159.833°E. A snowfield feeding the central portion of the Starshot Glacier, separating the Surveyors and Holyoake Ranges. Seen by the Holyoake, Cobham and Queen Elizabeth Ranges party of the NZGSAE (1964-65) and named for G. Mansergh, geologist with the party.[18]
References edit
- ^ Alberts 1995.
- ^ USGS Mount Nares.
- ^ a b USGS Nimrod Glacier.
- ^ Laird 1963, p. 466.
- ^ Laird, Mansergh & Chappell 1971, p. 439.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 342.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 591.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 224.
- ^ Mount Richter AADC.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 126.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 123.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 355.
- ^ Stark Ridge USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 4.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 571.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 484.
- ^ Alberts 1995, pp. 113–114.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 459.
Sources edit
- Alberts, Fred G., ed. (1995), Geographic Names of the Antarctic (PDF) (2 ed.), United States Board on Geographic Names, retrieved 2023-12-03
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Board on Geographic Names. - Laird, M. G. (1963), "Geomorphology and stratigraphy of the nimrod glacier–beaumont bay region, Southern Victoria land, Antarctica", New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 6 (3): 465–484, doi:10.1080/00288306.1963.10422076, retrieved 2023-12-16
- Laird, M. G; Mansergh, G. D.; Chappell, J. M. A. (1971), "Geology of the Central Nimrod Glacier area, Antarctica", New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 14 (3): 427–468, doi:10.1080/00288306.1971.10421939
- Mount Richter, AADC Australian Antarctic Data Centrec, retrieved 2023-12-14
- Mount Nares, USGS United States Geologic Survey, 1960, retrieved 2023-12-14
- Nimrod Glacier, USGS United States Geologic Survey, 1960, retrieved 2023-12-12
- "Stark Ridge", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior
