Sphyrna is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of Sphyrna have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans, and other benthic organisms hide in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of Sphyrna are also known by synonyms such as Zygaena, Cestracion, and Sphyrichthys. The earliest species described of this genus was Sphyrna zygaena by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the latest described member, Sphyrna gilberti, was discovered and described in 2013.
| Sphyrna | |
|---|---|
| |
| Great hammerhead (S. mokarran) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Subdivision: | Selachimorpha |
| Order: | Carcharhiniformes |
| Family: | Sphyrnidae |
| Genus: | Sphyrna Rafinesque, 1810 |
| Type species | |
| Squalus zygaena | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
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The genus name comes from the Greek word σφῦρα sphyra "hammer", it is also where the family name Sphyrnidae comes from.[1]
Species edit
The recognized species in this genus are:[2][3][4]
- Extant
- Sphyrna corona (S. Springer, 1940) (scalloped bonnethead)
- Sphyrna gilberti Quattro, Driggers, Grady, Ulrich & M. A. Roberts, 2013 (Carolina hammerhead)[3]
- Sphyrna lewini (E. Griffith & C. H. Smith, 1834) (scalloped hammerhead)
- Sphyrna media (S. Springer, 1940) (scoophead)
- Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) (great hammerhead)
- Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758) (bonnethead)
- Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822) (smalleye hammerhead)
- Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) (smooth hammerhead)
- Extinct
- † Sphyrna arambourgi (Cappetta, 1970)
- † Sphyrna gibbesii (Hay, 1902)
- † Sphyrna integra (Probst, 1878)
- † Sphyrna laevissima (Cope, 1867)
- † Sphyrna magna (Cope, 1867)
References edit
- ^ Scharpf, Christopher (12 December 2022). "Family SPHYRNIDAE" (PDF). The ETYFish Project. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
- ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). Species of Sphyrna in FishBase. June 2013 version.
- ^ a b Quattro, J.M., Driggers, W.B. III, Grady, J.M., Ulrich, G.F. & Roberts, M.A. (2013): Sphyrna gilberti sp. nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the western Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa, 3702 (2): 159–178.
- ^ Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998). Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
External links edit
Media related to Sphyrna at Wikimedia Commons
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