Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet (20 November 1656 – 2 July 1700) was an English Member of Parliament, and an ancestor of the modern day Dukes of Westminster. He was the first member of the family to build a substantial house on the present site of Eaton Hall in Cheshire.
Sir Thomas Grosvenor | |
|---|---|
 Grosvenor in 1678 by Peter Lely | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 20 November 1656 Eaton Hall, Cheshire, England |
| Died | 2 July 1700 (aged 43) |
| Resting place | St Mary's Church, Eccleston, Cheshire, England |
| Political party | Tory |
| Spouse |
Mary Davies (m. 1677) |
| Children | 8, including: |
Early life and education edit
Grosvenor was born at Eaton Hall, Cheshire, the son of Roger Grosvenor by his wife, Christian (or Christine), daughter of Thomas Myddleton of Chirk Castle, Denbighshire.[1] He was less than five years old when his father, Roger, was killed in a duel with his cousin, Hugh Roberts, on 22 August 1661. Roger had been the son and heir of Sir Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Baronet, and therefore, Thomas succeeded to the baronetcy upon the death of his grandfather on 31 January 1665. He was eight years old at that time.[1]
Grosvenor was educated by a private tutor, who also accompanied him when he undertook the Grand Tour, in his case, a three-year educational tour of France, Italy and the Levant, starting in 1670.[2] On his return, he set about building a new house at Eaton. At that time, the family house was a medieval moated house. The new house was the first substantial one to be built, and it was constructed to the north of the older house. Grosvenor appointed the architect William Samwell to design it, and building started in 1675. By 1683, over £1,000 (£144,000 as of 2015[update])[3] had been spent on the hall.[4] The money for this venture came partly from the estates, and also from coal and lead mines, and from stone quarries in north Wales, that were owned by the family.[1]
Public life edit
Grosvenor played his part in public life. In 1677, he was granted the freedom of Chester, and later the same year, he became an alderman. Two years later, he was returned as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Chester for the first time, in what became known as the Habeas Corpus Parliament; in all, he was to serve in six parliaments. In 1685, he became Mayor of Chester, and later that year, raised a troop of horses to support James II in the Monmouth Rebellion. Grosvenor served as Sheriff of Cheshire in 1688–89.[2]
Family edit
Grosvenor married in 1677; he was aged 21, and his wife, Mary Davies, was only 12 years old.[1] The marriage proved to be harmonious and conventional. Mary was the daughter of Alexander Davies, a scrivener (scribe), and she had inherited substantial land to the west of London from her great-uncle Hugh Audley. This was part of the Manor of Ebury (previously Eia), and Mary's portion consisted of 'swampy meads' (marshland).[1] The area was later to become the Mayfair, Park Lane, and Belgravia areas of London; the most valuable parts of the Grosvenor Estate.
The couple had three daughters and five sons. Two of the sons, Thomas and Roger, died young; the other three sons all succeeded in turn to the baronetcy, Richard became the 4th Baronet, Thomas the 5th, and Robert the 6th.[2] Two of the daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, also died young. Grosvenor died when Mary was eight months pregnant; she gave birth to a daughter, Ann, within a month.[5]
Mary, Lady Grosvenor, had converted to Roman Catholicism shortly after coming of age.[1] Because of this, and because Eaton Hall was used as a meeting place for Catholics, Grosvenor's loyalty to the king was questioned.[2] However, he continued openly as an Anglican until his death in 1700, and he was buried in Eccleston church. Grosvenor's surviving sons were all under age at the time of his death; Sir Richard Myddelton, 3rd Baronet, and Thomas and Francis Cholmondeley were appointed as their guardians.[1]
Mary was buried in the churchyard of St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, where in 1892, her tomb was the only one to be seen there, close to the north porch of the church.[6]
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Coat of arms of the Grosvenor Baronets, of Eaton (1622) -
St Mary's Church, Eccleston – the enclosure which marks the site of the Grosvenor family vault within the demolished old church -
St Mary's Church, Eccleston – the tablet in the enclosure marking the site of the Grosvenor family vault within the old church -
St Mary's Church, Eccleston – the tablet in the new church which lists the Grosvenors buried in the demolished old church
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g Newton, Diana; Lumby, Jonathan (2002). The Grosvenors of Eaton. Eccleston, Cheshire: Jennet Publications. pp. 8–12. ISBN 0-9543379-0-5.
- ^ a b c d Handley, Stuart (2004) (online edition 2008) 'Grosvenor, Sir Thomas, third baronet (1655–1700)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 6 April 2010. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
- ^ Eaton Halls. Eaton Estate. 2002. p. 2.
- ^ Renier, Hannah (26 April 2021). "Inheritance: the Long History of Mary Davies by Leo Hollis". londonhistorians.wordpress.com. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ^ Smith, J.E., St John the Evangelist, Westminster: Parochial Memorials, Westminster, 1892, pp.355–362 [1]
External links edit
- Tedder, Henry Richard (1890). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 23.