Trifolium amoenum, known by the common names showy Indian clover[1] and two-fork clover, is endemic to California, and is an endangered[2] annual herb that subsists in grassland areas of the San Francisco Bay Area and the northern California Coast Ranges.
| Trifolium amoenum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Trifolium |
| Species: | T. amoenum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Trifolium amoenum | |
Description
editThis wildflower has an erect growth habit and is typically found on heavy soils at elevations less than 100 meters. The flower head is somewhat spherical with a diameter of about 2.5 centimeters.[3] The petals are purple gradating to white tips.
History and conservation
editEdward Lee Greene collected the first recorded specimen of this plant in 1890 in Vacaville, California (in Solano County). The historical range of Trifolium amoenum was from the western extreme of the Sacramento Valley in Solano County west and north to Marin and Sonoma Counties,[4] where many sites were presumed extirpated by urban and agricultural development.
From further expansion of the human population, Trifolium amoenum had become a rare species by the mid 1900s. Through the latter 1900s the number of distinct populations dwindled to about 20 in number, from pressure of an expanding human population and urban development.
Rediscovery
editBy 1993 Trifolium amoenum was thought to be extinct, after the population in Vacaville, California depleted, but was rediscovered[5] by Peter Connors in the form of a single plant on a site in western Sonoma County.[6] The seeds from this single plant organism were used to grow more specimens.
The Sonoma County location has been developed and any plants remaining there have been extirpated.[7] Presently there is only a single extant population, subsequently discovered in 1996 in northern Marin County, which numbers approximately 200 plants.
Trifolium amoenum became a federally listed endangered species in 1997. Recent conservation research on Trifolium amoenum has been conducted by the Bodega Marine Laboratory.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Trifolium amoenum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ^ U.S. Federal Register: Proposed Rule, September 11, 1996 (Volume 61, Number 177) [page 47856-47857]
- ^ Linda H. Beidleman and Eugene N. Kozloff, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region, University of California Press, Berkeley (2003)
- ^ Environmental Impact Report for the proposed Roblar Road Rock Quarry, Earth Metrics Inc. Report 7673, prepared for Sonoma County and the California State Clearinghouse, September, 1989
- ^ Connors, P. G. (1994) Rediscovery of showy Indian clover. Fremontia 22: 3–7
- ^ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arcata Division, 1655 Heindon Road, Arcata, Ca.
- ^ The Nature Conservancy