Second Gerbrandy cabinet

The Second Gerbrandy cabinet, also called the Third London cabinet was the Dutch government-in-exile from 27 July 1941 until 23 February 1945. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Christian Historical Union (CHU), Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and the Liberal State Party (LSP) following the resignation of First Gerbrandy cabinet on 12 June 1941. The national unity government (War cabinet) was the third of four war cabinets of the government-in-exile in London during World War II.

Second Gerbrandy cabinet Third London cabinet
39th Cabinet of the Netherlands
Meeting of the Second Gerbrandy cabinet in late 1944
Date formed	27 July 1941 (1941-07-27)
Date dissolved	23 February 1945 (1945-02-23) (Demissionary from 21 January 1945 (1945-01-21))
People and organisations
Head of state	Queen Wilhelmina
Head of government	Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy
Deputy head of government	Hendrik van Boeijen (De Facto)
No. of ministers	17
Ministers removed	6
Total no. of members	19
Member party	Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP) Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) Christian Historical Union (CHU) Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) Liberal State Party (LSP)
Status in legislature	National unity government War cabinet
History
Legislature term(s)	1937–1946
Predecessor	First Gerbrandy cabinet
Successor	Third Gerbrandy cabinet

Formation

On 12 June 1941 the First Gerbrandy cabinet fell after a conflict between Queen Wilhelmina and Minister of Defence Adriaan Dijxhoorn, leading to the dismissal of the minister. Immediately also the other ministers resigned and the cabinet continued for five weeks as a demissionary cabinet until the ministries were redistributed and the Second Gerbrandy cabinet was installed on 27 July 1941.

Term

The cabinet became the main inspiration for many of the resistance fighters in the Netherlands through radio addresses by Queen Wilhelmina. Important actions of the cabinet include the recognition of the Soviet Union in July 1942, the declaration of war against Japan on 7 December 1942, the announcement that after the war the relations between the Netherlands and the Dutch Indies will change and the re-establishment in July 1943 of the representation at the Vatican. During the first and second cabinet of Gerbrandy plans are made for post-war prosecution of "wrongful" (foute) Dutch civilians (collaborators with the Germans).

On 27 January 1945 Minister of the Interior Jaap Burger (SDAP) was asked to resign by Prime Minister Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (ARP) after holding a radio speech, differentiating between "wrongful" Dutch civilians (foute Nederlanders) and Dutch civilians who made a mistake (Nederlanders die een fout hebben gemaakt). But because Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy did not discuss this with rest of the cabinet all Social Democratic Workers' Party ministers resigned in response. The demissionary cabinet continued until the installation of the Third Gerbrandy cabinet on 23 February 1945.

Changes

On 17 November 1941 Minister of Finance, Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Max Steenberghe (RKSP) and Minister of Colonial Affairs Charles Welter (RKSP) both resigned after disagreements with the cabinet policy. Minister of Water Management Willem Albarda (SDAP) took over as Minister of Finance and Minister of Social Affairs Jan van den Tempel (SDAP) took over as Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries.

On 31 May 1944 Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Piet Kerstens (RKSP) was dismissed over a disagreement about the post-war food distribution policy. Both the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries where subsequently reorganized. Minister of Finance Johannes van den Broek took over as Minister of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture adding the portfolio of Agriculture to the Commerce ministry. Government adviser Jim de Booy was appointed as Minister of Shipping and Fisheries combining the portfolios of Shipping and Fisheries.

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belgium Paul-Henri Spaak, Minister of Foreign Affairs Eelco van Kleffens and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg Joseph Bech sign a monetary agreement that later became the foundation of the Benelux Union on 21 October 1943 in London.

Cabinet Members

Ministers			Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)			Term of office	Party
		Dr. Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (1885–1961)	Prime Minister			3 September 1940 – 25 June 1945	Anti-Revolutionary Party
			Minister	General Warfare		21 May 1942 – 25 June 1945
		Hendrik van Boeijen (1889–1947)	Minister	General Affairs		3 September 1940 – 23 February 1945	Christian Historical Union
			Minister	Interior		24 June 1937 – 31 May 1944
		Jaap Burger (1904–1986)				31 May 1944 – 27 January 1945	Social Democratic Workers' Party
		Hendrik van Boeijen (1889–1947)				27 January 1945 – 23 February 1945	Christian Historical Union
		Eelco van Kleffens (1894–1983)	Minister	Foreign Affairs		10 August 1939 – 1 March 1946	Independent Classical Liberal
		Max Steenberghe (1899–1972)	Minister	Finance		27 July 1941 – 17 November 1941	Roman Catholic State Party
		Willem Albarda (1877–1957)				17 November 1941 – 9 December 1942	Social Democratic Workers' Party
		Johannes van den Broek (1882–1946)				9 December 1942 – 23 February 1945	Independent Classical Liberal
		Dr. Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (1885–1961)	Minister	Justice		10 August 1939 – 21 February 1942	Anti-Revolutionary Party
		Dr. Jan van Angeren (1894–1959)				21 February 1942 – 12 July 1944	Roman Catholic State Party
		Dr. Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart (1901–1956)				12 July 1944 – 23 February 1945	Independent Social Democrat
		Max Steenberghe (1899–1972)	Minister	Commerce, Industry and Shipping		10 May 1940 – 17 November 1941	Roman Catholic State Party
		Dr. Jan van den Tempel (1877–1955)				17 November 1941 – 8 January 1942	Social Democratic Workers' Party
		Piet Kerstens (1896–1958)				8 January 1942 – 31 May 1944	Roman Catholic State Party
		Johannes van den Broek (1882–1946)		Commerce, Industry and Agriculture		31 May 1944 – 23 February 1945	Independent Classical Liberal
		Hendrik van Boeijen (1889–1947)	Minister	War		12 June 1941 – 15 September 1942	Christian Historical Union
		Jonkheer Otto van Lidth de Jeude (1881–1952)				15 September 1942 – 23 February 1945	Liberal State Party
		Lieutenant admiral Johan Furstner (1887–1970)		Navy		27 July 1941 – 23 February 1945	Independent Liberal Conservative
		Dr. Jan van den Tempel (1877–1955)	Minister	Social Affairs		10 August 1939 – 23 February 1945	Social Democratic Workers' Party
		Gerrit Bolkestein (1871–1956)	Minister	Education, Arts and Sciences		10 August 1939 – 25 June 1945	Free-thinking Democratic League
		Willem Albarda (1877–1957)	Minister	Water Management		10 August 1939 – 23 February 1945	Social Democratic Workers' Party
		Max Steenberghe (1899–1972)	Minister	Agriculture and Fisheries		1 May 1941 – 17 November 1941	Roman Catholic State Party
		Dr. Jan van den Tempel (1877–1955)				17 November 1941 – 8 January 1942	Social Democratic Workers' Party
		Piet Kerstens (1896–1958)				8 January 1942 – 31 May 1944	Roman Catholic State Party
		Jim de Booy (1885–1969)		Shipping and Fisheries		31 May 1944 – 3 July 1946	Independent Classical Liberal
		Charles Welter (1880–1972)	Minister	Colonial Affairs		10 August 1939 – 17 November 1941	Roman Catholic State Party
		Dr. Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (1885–1961)				17 November 1941 – 21 May 1942	Anti-Revolutionary Party
		Dr. Huib van Mook (1894–1965)				21 May 1942 – 23 February 1945	Independent Social Liberal
Ministers without portfolio			Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)			Term of office	Party
		Jaap Burger (1904–1986)	Minister	Interior	• Provisional Governmental Affairs	11 August 1943 – 31 May 1944	Social Democratic Workers' Party
		Jonkheer Edgar Michiels van Verduynen (1885–1952)	Minister	Foreign Affairs	• Foreign Policy	1 January 1942 – 25 June 1945	Independent Classical Liberal
		Pangeran Adipati Soejono (1886–1943)	Minister	Colonial Affairs	• Dutch East Indies	9 June 1942 – 5 January 1943	Independent Liberal Conservative
Source: (in Dutch) Parlement & Politiek

^Resigned

^{Dismissed from office}

^{Retained from the previous cabinet}

^{Continued in the next cabinet}

^Acting

^{Ad Interim}

^{Died in Office}

^{Appointed as Minister of the Interior}

Rang/Title/Position			Military Command		Term of office
		General Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1911–2004)	Commander-in-chief	Armed Forces	3 September 1944 – 13 September 1945

• The age difference between the oldest and youngest cabinet member Gerrit Bolkestein (born 1871) and Jaap Burger (born 1904) was 32 years, 346 days.

External links

Official

• (in Dutch) Kabinet-Gerbrandy I en II Parlement & Politiek