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Cherriots

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Cherriots, officially the Salem Area Mass Transit District, is a public transit operator based in Salem, Oregon, United States. The agency, whose name refers to the city's nickname (The Cherry City), provides bus and paratransit service in Salem and neighboring Keizer. It was founded in 1979 as the Salem Area Mass Transit District, replacing municipal and private systems, and renamed itself to Salem-Keizer Transit in 2003. In 2023, the system had a ridership of 3,133,700, or about 19,200 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2023.

Cherriots
Cherriots buses in new and old paint schemes at the Downtown Transit Center in 2018
FoundedNovember 6, 1979
Headquarters555 Court Street NE
Salem, Oregon, US
Service areaSalem and Keizer, Oregon
Service typeBus service, paratransit
Routes26
Fleet64 (Cherriots)
15 (Regional Contracted)
46 (CherryLift Bus)
5 (Cherriots Shop and Ride)
Daily ridership19,200 (weekdays, Q4 2023)[1]
Annual ridership3,133,700 (2023)[2]
Fuel typeDiesel, CNG (Natural Gas), Gasoline
General managerAllan Pollock
Websitecherriots.org

In 2016, the transit agency started a rebranding campaign to highlight its Cherriots operating name. All of its services now bear the Cherriots name. For example, a regional bus service previously called CARTS (Chemeketa Area Regional Transportation System) is now Cherriots Regional.[3]

History edit

Predecessors and formation edit

Bus service in Salem was previously operated by the private City Transit Lines, which was granted a franchise by the municipal government. The company folded in August 1958 and declared bankruptcy in January 1959. It was replaced on February 2 by Capital Transit, an independent operator founded by former City Transit drivers and mechanics.[4][5] In its six years of operation, Capital Transit faced declining revenue and ridership that forced it to consider bankruptcy.[6] On May 24, 1966, voters in Salem approved a property tax levy to purchase the Capital Transit system and operate it under the municipal government.[7] The City of Salem took over the bus system on July 1.[8] Under the new financing plan, which included increased fares, the bus system's operating expenses were stabilized and became eligible for federal subsidies to purchase a new fleet.[9] The name "Cherriots" was chosen for the bus system in September after a citywide contest, referencing the city's unofficial nickname, "The Cherry City";[10] the winning entry was submitted by A. Kenneth Yost, a faculty member at the Oregon College of Education and one of the contest's judges before his resignation.[11] The first new buses bearing the Cherriots name, colored white with red "cherry" trimming, arrived in Salem by late November and were put into service in January 1967.[12][13] Cherriots buses also served Keizer and Four Corners until service was suspended by the Salem City Council in July 1976;[14] by October, the two areas established voter-approved contracts for a private operator to run bus services that connected to the Cherriots network.[15][16]

A 1968 report to the Salem government, prepared by the Mid-Willamette Valley Council of Governments and funded by a federal grant, recommended that the Cherriots network be expanded to Keizer and Four Corners as part of a regional system.[17] The formation of a mass transit district to serve a larger system, funded using payroll taxes, was approved by the state legislature in 1969 and implemented in Portland and Eugene.[18][19] While Salem and Marion County urged the creation of a transit district, Polk County's board of commissioners expressed concern over the size of the taxing area.[20] The formation of a mass transit district was put on the January 13, 1976, election, with a second election scheduled in March to determine the type of tax used to finance the system.[21] Voters rejected the ballot measure by a three-to-one margin during a low-turnout election that included rural areas outside the proposed service and taxing area.[22][23] A second attempt on November 8, 1977, using the same proposed payroll tax and two-phase election,[24] was also rejected by voters.[25] The existing Cherriots system was saved from proposed cuts after the approval of a two-year levy by Salem residents in May 1978.[26][27]

A third attempt at the formation of a mass transit district was put on the November 6, 1979, ballot, during the peak of the oil crisis, and limited to within the Salem urban growth boundary.[18] The Salem Area Transit District and its five-member board was approved by a three-to-one margin, with wide support across the voting area.[28] The transit district's $2.35 million financing plan, using a local property tax, was rejected in May 1980 by a margin of 64 votes.[29] The city-run Cherriots system was renewed by a one-year levy, funded by a smaller property tax within Salem, that was approved by voters in June.[30] A trio of tax levies were put on the February 17, 1981, ballot: one to fund the operation of a consolidated bus system for one year, another for night bus service, and a final levy for fleet replacements and the construction of bus shelters.[31] The operations levy was passed by voters, while the remaining pair were rejected.[32] The Salem Area Transit District began funding bus service within Salem on July 1, 1981, under a contract with the municipal government's Cherriots system,[33] and expanded to outlying suburbs on September 1.[34]

Operational history edit

 
Buses laying over at the Downtown Transit Center, at Courthouse Square, in 2018

The approval of a $2.23 million tax levy in June 1982 allowed the Salem Area Transit District to take over operations of the Cherriots system on July 1, 1982.[35][36] The system was funded by one- and two-year levies passed by voters in 1983 and 1985, until the approval of a permanent tax base on May 20, 1986.[10][37] The five-member transit board was expanded to seven seats, all elected at-large, effective July 1, 1987.[38] The current headquarters and operating base for Cherriots, located on Del Webb Avenue in Salem, was dedicated in April 1989 by Senator Mark Hatfield and Governor Neil Goldschmidt.[10][39]

The statewide passage of Measure 5 limited property tax revenue used to fund bus services and was paired with declining matching revenues from the state. Cherriots maintained its level of service by using capital reserve funds to fund daily operations, while planning for potential cuts to service.[10][40] The state legislature passed a two-year rollback of the state's cap on matching funds from the transit payroll tax in 1993, allowing Cherriots to avoid service cuts while presenting a funding plan to voters.[10][41] Two attempts at establishing a larger funding base for Cherriots service were rejected by voters in 1993 and 1994, leading to the discontinuation of free services and increased fares.[10] On May 21, 1996, voters in the transit district approved an increased property tax base to fund expanded Cherriots service,[42] but statewide property tax caps forced the planned expansion to be rolled back.[10] On October 2, 2000, the R. G. Andersen-Wyckoff Transit Mall at Courthouse Square in downtown Salem opened, replacing earlier downtown transit centers and consolidating several Cherriots offices into one complex.[10][43] In 2003, the agency changed its name to Salem-Keizer Transit to include the city of Keizer; "Cherriots" was retained as a brand name.[44][45]

Salem-Keizer Transit, along with the City of Salem and consultants Nelson\Nygaard, began studying the feasibility of a modern streetcar system for downtown Salem in 2003.[46][47] The feasibility study, published in 2005, found that a three-to-four-mile (4.8 to 6.4 km) streetcar line would cost up to $61 million to construct.[48][49] The proposal was ultimately abandoned due to its cost and lack of funding options.[44][50]

In 2016, it was decided to phase-out the name Salem–Keizer Transit and revert to using the name Cherriots for operations and public information, while Salem Area Mass Transit District remained the agency's formal legal name.[51]

Budget and service cuts edit

In 2009, Cherriots routes underwent major changes due to funding limitations. Service hours were reduced and Saturday service was eliminated. The removal of Saturday service left much of the population without weekend transport; it is a serious problem for many citizens. At the same time, Cherriots redesigned many of its routes to provide better service within funding levels.

In 2015, Cherriots started a "Moving Forward" plan which made new routes, including consolidations to achieve frequent service.

The passage of Oregon House Bill 2017, which provides state funds for transit districts across Oregon, could restore services lost to budget cuts in 2008 and 2009.[52] HB 2017 could bring $5 million to $6 million per year to support transit in the Salem-Keizer area, as well as some regional services to smaller cities in Marion and Polk counties. In August 2017, Oregon Gov. Kate Brown signed HB 2017.[53] But because of state administrative requirements for dispersing HB 2017 funds, Cherriots is did not receive the additional state money until January 2019. In September 2019, thanks to HB 2017 funding, Cherriots restored Saturday bus service and added bus routes that operate later in the evening.[54] For the first time ever in Cherriots' 40 year history, Sunday will have bus service starting in May 2020.

Services edit

 
A 2018-built bus in Cherriots Regional service to Woodburn

Cherriots operates 20 local bus routes in Salem and Keizer, as well as six routes under the Cherriots Regional brand serving outlying areas in Marion and Polk counties. Buses typically run 6 am-9 pm, Monday-Sunday, at 15-minute, 30-minute, or hourly frequencies.[55] Cherriots added Sunday service as part of their rebranding on September 5, 2021.[56] Holiday service is also available, operating on "Saturday" or "Sunday" service levels. [57] The system's main hub is the Downtown Transit Center at Courthouse Square in Salem, located a few blocks from the Oregon State Capitol building. The facility was first opened in 2000 and remodeled in 2014.[58] The transit center is also served by inter-county express service to Wilsonville, operated jointly by Cherriots and SMART.[59]

The agency also operates regional bus services under the Cherriots Regional brand, serving Woodburn, Dallas, Stayton, and Gates.[60] Paratransit service is run as Cherriots LIFT and covers areas within 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) of a fixed Cherriots route.[61][62] Adult bus fares on regular Cherriots routes are set at $1.60 for one-way trips and $3.25 for day passes.[55] In 2017, Cherriots and its regional services carried a combined total of 3.1 million passengers.[55]

Governance edit

The Cherriots Board of Directors makes policy and administration decisions for the transit district. The Board establishes priorities, evaluates the performance of the transit system, and approves budgets. The Board also works with community members to improve bus service and address transit-related issues.[63] Board members are required to live in the subdistrict they represent. They were formerly elected, but with the enactment of 2018's Senate Bill 1536 in July 2019, they are appointed by the governor.[63][64]

The following are the transit district board members as of November 2022:[63]

School District Zone Board Member Name
Subdistrict 1 Joaquín M. Lara Midkiff
Subdistrict 2 Ramiro Navarro
Subdistrict 3 Sadie Carney
Subdistrict 4 Maria Hinojos Pressey
Subdistrict 5 Ian Davidson
Subdistrict 6 Sara Duncan
Subdistrict 7 Bill Holmstrom

Fleet edit

 
A 2018-built, 35-foot, low-floor Gillig CNG bus wearing the new paint scheme Cherriots introduced in that year
 
Bus 203 is a 40-foot Orion VII low-floor CNG bus built in 2002.

Cherriots maintains a fleet of 64 buses for its regular services, alongside 46 LIFT vehicles and 12 Regional buses.[65] Regular Cherriots routes use buses that are 35 to 40 feet (11 to 12 m) in length and are powered by compressed natural gas or biodiesel; the largest buses have a maximum capacity of 38 seated and 20 standing passengers.[55] Cherriots Regional buses range from gasoline-powered minibuses to standard diesel buses.[55]

Cherriots edit

As of July 2022[66][better source needed]
Year Manufacturer Model Fleet
Numbers 		Qty. Length Fuel Type
2007 Gillig Low Floor 113 1
2008 Gillig Low Floor 114-122 9 35 ft (11 m) Biodiesel
2008 Gillig Low Floor 223-226 4 40 ft (12 m) Biodiesel
2011 Gillig Low Floor 227-234 8 40 ft (12 m) Biodiesel
2011 Gillig Low Floor 123-126 4 35 ft (11 m) Biodiesel
2012 Gillig Low Floor 127-130 4 35 ft (11 m) Biodiesel
2018 Gillig Low Floor 1801-1806 6 35 ft (11 m) CNG
2018 Gillig Low Floor 1851-1856 6 40 ft (12 m) CNG
2019 Gillig Low Floor 1901-1904 4 35 ft (11 m) CNG
2019 Gillig Low Floor 1951-1963 13 40 ft (12 m) CNG

Cherriots Regional edit

As of July 2022[66][better source needed]
Year Manufacturer Fleet
Numbers 		Qty. Length Fuel Type
2006 Freightliner 355-357 3 33 ft (10 m) Diesel
2010 Freightliner 358-359 2 33 ft (10 m) Diesel
2010 Freightliner 360 1 33 ft (10 m) Diesel
2012 Ford E-450 306-307 2 25 ft (7.6 m) Gasoline
2018 Blue Bird 361-363 3 Diesel
2019 Ford E-450 308-309 2 25 ft (7.6 m)
2019 Ford E-450 310-311 2 25 ft (7.6 m)

References edit

  1. ^ "Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2023" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  2. ^ "Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2023" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
  3. ^ "Public transit services in the Salem and Keizer, Oregon areas". www.cherriots.org. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
  4. ^ Marshall, Tom (January 25, 1959). "Capital Transit Expected to Get Bus Franchise". The Oregon Statesman. p. 2. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  5. ^ "New Group Starts Bus Service Today; Salem Buses Slate More Frequent Runs". The Oregon Statesman. February 2, 1959. p. 1. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  6. ^ Morrison, Allen (January 2, 1966). "Bus Drivers Losing Valiant Battle". The Oregon Statesman. p. 35. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  7. ^ "Bus Budget Approved; Capital Plans Slashed". The Oregon Statesman. May 26, 1966. p. 5. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  8. ^ "Council Orders Engineering For Main Sewer Interceptor". The Oregon Statesman. July 13, 1966. p. 5. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  9. ^ "Salem's City Buses 'Now In the Black'". The Oregon Statesman. September 21, 1966. p. 1. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Hiscocks, Courlette (July 2000). "Salem Area Mass Transit District (1979–2001)". Salem Public Library. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  11. ^ Morrison, Allen (September 21, 1966). "Winning Name for Salem's City Buses Is 'Cherriots'". The Oregon Statesman. p. 1. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  12. ^ "New Buses, Transit Boss Report for Duty". The Oregon Statesman. November 29, 1966. p. 1. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  13. ^ Maki, Ellida (January 29, 1967). "'Cherriots' Begin Service in Salem". The Oregon Statesman. p. 1. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  14. ^ Sass, Jerry (June 20, 1976). "Riders voice their views about cutoff of service". The Oregon Statesman. p. 7B. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  15. ^ Dickie, Lance (October 3, 1976). "Improvements in Cherriots bus system begin Monday". The Oregon Statesman. p. 8B. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  16. ^ "Here's a history of city's service". The Oregon Statesman. November 4, 1979. p. 4B. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  17. ^ Morrison, Allen (December 22, 1968). "Suburban Bus Fare Boost Is Proposed". The Oregon Statesman. p. 2. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  18. ^ a b Dickie, Lance (October 28, 1979). "Backers feel time is right for transit district". The Oregon Statesman. p. 1F. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  19. ^ Blankenbaker, Ron (October 11, 1974). "Study Urges Transit District To Expand City Bus System". The Oregon Statesman. p. 2. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  20. ^ Arends Jr., Lewis H. (September 24, 1975). "Polk Worried About Salem Transit Tax". The Oregon Statesman. p. 8. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  21. ^ Blankenbaker, Ron (January 11, 1976). "Financing: Payroll Tax 'Most Likely' for Transit System". The Oregon Statesman. p. 8. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  22. ^ Blankenbaker, Ron (January 14, 1976). "Marion, Polk Trounce Transit District". The Oregon Statesman. p. 1. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  23. ^ Blankenbaker, Ron (January 30, 1976). "Transit Vote Brought Out Campaign Money From the 'Big 3'". The Oregon Statesman. p. 1. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  24. ^ Dickie, Lance (November 6, 1977). "Measure 52 seeks formation of transit district". The Oregon Statesman. p. 1D. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  25. ^ Dickie, Lance (November 10, 1977). "Vote leaves future of Salem bus service in air". The Oregon Statesman. p. 1. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  26. ^ Dickie, Lance (May 24, 1978). "Voters approve funds for Salem buses". The Oregon Statesman. p. 2A. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  27. ^ Hayes, John (April 20, 1978). "Salem bus service faces drastic cuts unless voters approve levy proposal". The Oregon Statesman. p. 1C. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  28. ^ Dickie, Lance (November 7, 1979). "Salem area transit district wins easily; 3 to 1 vote OKs formation of district". The Oregon Statesman. p. 1A. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  29. ^ Dickie, Lance (June 22, 1980). "Salem voters to decide whether to keep Cherriots rolling". The Oregon Statesman Journal. p. 2B. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  30. ^ "Buses get the needed 'gas'". The Oregon Statesman Journal. June 25, 1980. p. 3A. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  31. ^ "Two cities put money measure on ballot". Statesman Journal. January 14, 1981. p. 6C. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  32. ^ Postrel, Dan (February 18, 1981). "Main transit levy is approved; Two supplemental proposals fail as 20 pct. cast ballots". Statesman Journal. p. 1A. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  33. ^ "Transit district misses deadline on fare cut". Statesman Journal. July 1, 1981. p. 1B. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  34. ^ "Bus changes bring confusion". Statesman Journal. September 1, 1981. p. 1B. Retrieved January 7, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  35. ^ Postrel, Dan (June 23, 1982). "Bus transfer travels unsure road". Statesman Journal. p. 1B. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  36. ^ Postrel, Dan (July 1, 1982). "City negotiates end to dispute over transfer". Statesman Journal. p. 1B. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  37. ^ "Transit district gets green light". Statesman Journal. May 21, 1986. p. 7A. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  38. ^ Novak, Theresa (March 15, 1987). "16 run for bus board". Statesman Journal. p. 1C. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  39. ^ "Salem Area Mass Transit District Request for Proposal for Landscape Architect and Engineering Services" (PDF). Salem Area Mass Transit District. July 2, 2015. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  40. ^ Athon, Anastasia (May 27, 1992). "Dip into savings would keep buses on track". Statesman Journal. p. 4C. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  41. ^ "Bill to aid Salem buses awaits governor's action". Statesman Journal. September 9, 1993. p. 2A. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  42. ^ Henrikson, John (May 22, 1996). "Cherriots wins support". Statesman Journal. p. 1B. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  43. ^ Tom, Susan (October 1, 2000). "Bus mall dedication complete". Statesman Journal. p. 1C. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  44. ^ a b "Who We Are". Cherriots. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  45. ^ Roberts Murez, Cara (February 27, 2003). "Transit board discusses adding Keizer to names". Statesman Journal. p. 1C. Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  46. ^ Roberts Murez, Cara (April 29, 2003). "Salem transit system has many options". Statesman Journal. p. 39. Retrieved January 9, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  47. ^ Roberts Murez, Cara (October 8, 2004). "Downtown studied for possible streetcars". Statesman Journal. p. 4C. Retrieved January 9, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  48. ^ Thompson Jr., Dennis (April 27, 2005). "Consultants release three streetcar plans". Statesman Journal. p. 1C. Retrieved January 9, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.  
  49. ^ Nelson\Nygaard (February 2005). "Central Salem Streetcar Feasibility Study" (PDF). Salem-Keizer Transit. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
  50. ^ "How shall we move forward? Does Salem have the vision to spend money to make money – in transportation?". Salem Weekly. September 6, 2012. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
  51. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions: Organization". Cherriots. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  52. ^ "Cherriots considers adding weekend, evening service with new state funding". Statesman Journal. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
  53. ^ "Governor Kate Brown to Sign Transportation Package". oregon.gov. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
  54. ^ "New drivers coming aboard to expand Cherriots routes". Salem Reporter. 2019-07-23. Retrieved 2019-12-28.
  55. ^ a b c d e "Cherriots Temporary Reduced Service". Cherriots. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  56. ^ "Cherriots adds Sunday bus service starting in September". 23 August 2021.
  57. ^ "Holiday Service | Cherriots".
  58. ^ Wong, Peter (April 4, 2014). "Riders with visual impairments get crowd-free tour of Salem Transit Mall". Statesman Journal. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  59. ^ Doubleday, Russ (February 27, 2018). "Over the river and through the gridlock: I-5 by bus". Metro. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  60. ^ "Cherriots Regional: Connecting Marion and Polk Counties". Cherriots. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  61. ^ "Cherriots LIFT Ride Guide" (PDF). Cherriots. June 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  62. ^ "Cherriots LIFT". Cherriots. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  63. ^ a b c "Board of Directors | Cherriots". www.cherriots.org. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
  64. ^ "SB1536 2018 Regular Session – Oregon Legislative Information System". olis.leg.state.or.us. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
  65. ^ "Bus Purchases". Cherriots. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  66. ^ a b "Salem Area Mass Transit District - CPTDB Wiki".

External links edit

 
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