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Kiuchi Sōgorō (木内 惣五郎), also known as Sakura Sōgorō (佐倉 惣五郎)(1605 – September 1653) was a legendary Japanese farmer whose real family name was Kiuchi. He is said to have appealed directly to the shōgun in 1652 when he was serving as a headman of one of the villages in the Sakura Domain. In the appeal he requested the shōgun to help ease the peasants' burden of heavy taxes and bad crops. But since direct appeals were illegal in those days, he was arrested. It is widely believed that he was executed (crucified) along with his sons (and some sources claim also his wife) in 1653 by the daimyō of his feudal domain. However, no evidence for the existence of the incident has been found, although a farmer named Sōgorō was found listed on the record of the village.[1] The legend of Sakura Sōgorō has been made into numerous stories and plays of kabuki, Jōruri, and so on (a.o. a play called "Self-Sacrificing Man Sakura Sōgo"). In 1851 the play was first staged at Nakamura-za. He is enshrined in Sōgo-reidō of Tōshōji temple in Narita city. He was praised by Fukuzawa Yukichi and in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and is still admired by many as gimin (martyr, in the non-religious sense). Every year on 2 September (it is said that it is the day before his execution, but other sources say he was executed on the 24th), there are all-night gatherings in memory of Sōgo-sama at the Sōgo Reidō Sanctuary (Tōshōji Temple) in Narita (Chiba prefecture).
Sakura Sōgorō | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Kiuchi Sōgorō 1605 |
| Died | September 1653 Kodzu Village |
| Monuments | Jōkyō Gimin Memorial Museum |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation | Agriculture |
| Era | |
| Criminal charges |
|
| Criminal penalty |
|
| Spouse | Tsuta |
| Children |
|
Media edit
In Persona 5, the character Sojiro Sakura's name was inspired by Sōgorō.
See also edit
Japanese Castles of Edo Period
| Edo Castle | Matsumoto Castle |
| Hirosaki Castle | Nagoya Castle |
| Maruoka Castle | Sakura Castle |
Bibliography edit
- Ogyū, Sorai (2006). Ogyū Sorai's Philosophical Masterworks. University of Hawaii Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0824829513. OCLC 61687854.
- Brandon, James R.; Leiter, Samuel L. (2002). Kabuki Plays on Stage: Darkness and Desire, 1804-1864 [The Tale of the Martyr of Sakura (Sakura Giminden)]. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 221–247. ISBN 978-0824824556. OCLC 51069986.
- Hosaka, Satoru (2002). Hyakushō Ikki to Sono Sahō (in Japanese). Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan. ISBN 4-642-05537-1. OCLC 49803777.
- Walthall, Anne (1991). Peasant Uprisings in Japan: A Critical Anthology of Peasant Histories [The Sakura Sogoro Story]. University of Chicago Press. pp. 35–75. ISBN 978-0226872339. OCLC 23213000.
- Irokawa, Daikichi (1988). The Culture of the Meiji Period. Princeton University Press. pp. 133–135. ISBN 978-0691000305. OCLC 11291445.
- Walthall, Anne (1986). "Japanese Gimin: Peasant Martyrs in Popular Memory". The American Historical Review. 91 (5). Oxford University Press: 1076–1102. doi:10.2307/1864377. JSTOR 1864377.
- Hayashi, Tadasu (1903). "For his People, being the True Story of Sogoro's Sacrifice entitled in the Original Japanese Version the Cherry Blossoms of a Spring Morn". Internet Archive. New York, New York: Harper & Brothers.
- Knapp, Arthur May (1900). "Feudal and Modern Japan". Internet Archive. Boston, Massachusetts: L.C. Page. OCLC 2768695.
- Braithwaite, George (1897). "Life of Sôgorô, the Farmer Patriot of Sakura". Internet Archive. Yokohama, Japan: Yokohama Bunsha. OCLC 503765496.
- Jokô III, Segawa; Shinshichi II, Kawatake (1851). "Higashiyama Sakura Sôshi" [Higashiyama Sakura Zôshi]. Sakura Giminden. Kabuki21.com.
References edit
- ^ "義民の世界 佐倉惣五郎伝説". National Museum of Japanese History. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
External links edit
- Sogo Reido Sanctuary (Toshoji Temple) in Narita
- Sogo Reido Sanctuary on chiba-tour.jp
- Japan : History of a Secret Empire - The Samurai, the Shogun, & the Barbarians on YouTube
- Shoguns, Samurai and the Japanese Middle Ages on YouTube
- The Shogunate: History of Japan on YouTube
Tales of Old Japan - The Ghost of Sakura ~ Parts 1-4 public domain audiobook at LibriVox
