Saint Eigen, Eurgen, Eurgain or Eurgan was the legendary, and possibly historical first female Christian saint among the Britons. Her name has doubtfully been linked to two Welsh churches and is found in manuscripts from the collection of Iolo Morganwg making historical evidence of her existence dubious and limited.[1]
Eigen is noted as the daughter of Caratacus in the History of Dunraven Manuscript, a manuscript giving the genealogy of Taliesin from the collection of Thomas Hopkin of Coychurch, one from the Havod Uchtryd collection and in an extract he claimed to have copied from the Long Book of Thomas Truman.[2][3] This reference can also be found in the family records of Iestyn ab Gwrgant, where it is said of her; "She lived in the close of the first century, and was married to Sarllog, who was a lord of Caer Sarllog, or the present Old Sarum".[4] In this manuscript, Eigen is said to have returned from Rome with Caratacus with Saint Cyllin and Saint Ilid and formed a religious college of twelve named Cor Eurgain (the choir of Eurgain), suggesting the early entry of Christianity into Britain; "the Cymry embraced the faith in Christ through the teaching of the saints of Cor-Eurgain".[5] Attempts have also been made to identify Eigen with the Claudia mentioned by Saint Paul in the Second Epistle to Timothy, however evidence for this is largely coincidental. Some authors also claim she was called Gladys on the suggestion that this was a Welsh word for princess.[6]
Eigen is also discussed as the first female saint in the works of Rice Rees, Jane Williams, Sabine Baring-Gould and John Williams (Ab Ithel).[7][8][9]
In the annals of Tacitus, a daughter of Caratacus is mentioned appearing in front of the Roman Senate and Emperor Claudius in approximately 53 CE. Caratacus' daughter is never named in the record of Tacitus and she is not mentioned with her mother, father and uncles as having been given a pardon from the brutality of a Roman execution by the Emperor.[10][11]
Eigen features in a cantata by Edward Elgar in 1897-8 devoted to the defeat and capture of the king by the Romans. It was first performed at the Leeds choral festival in 1898. Her name in the Cantana has variously been claimed to be both historical and derived from a neighbour of Elgar's in Malvern called Eigen Stone.[12][13] Eigen, spelt as Eigon is also the subject of a modern, time-slip novel by Barbara Erskine called The Warrior's Princess, published in 2008.[14]
The parish church of Llanigon, Wales is dedicated to "Saint Eigon", but this almost certainly refers to Eigion, brother of St Cynidr, to whom the parish church in neighbouring Glasbury was dedicated.[15]
Another Welsh church in Northop (Welsh: Llaneurgain), Flintshire, is dedicated to "Saint Eurgain", said to have been the daughter of Prince Maelgwn Gwynedd and niece of St. Asaph. She is said to have lived in Flintshire in the 6th century CE and has a feast day on 30 June. There is evidence that the church of St Eurgain and St Peter has existed since the 6th century.[16][17]
Notes edit
- ^ Geoffrey (of Monmouth, Bishop of St. Asaph); Saint Tysilio; Gildas (1811). The Chronicle of the Kings of Britain. E. Williams. pp. 294–. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Iolo Morganwg; Owen Jones; Society for the Publication of Ancient Welsh Manuscripts, Abergavenny (1848). Iolo manuscripts: A selection of ancient Welsh manuscripts, in prose and verse, from the collection made by the late Edward Williams, Iolo Morganwg, for the purpose of forming a continuation of the Myfyrian archaiology; and subsequently proposed as materials for a new history of Wales. W. Rees; sold by Longman and co., London. pp. 350–. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Mabinogion (1849). The Mabinogion, from the Llyfr coch o Hergest, and other ancient Welsh MSS., with an Engl. pp. 391–. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Anonymous (31 March 2004). The Genealogy Of Iestyn The Son Of Gwrgan. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 513–. ISBN 978-0-7661-8411-4. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Richard Williams Morgan (1861). St. Paul in Britain; or, The origin of British as opposed to papal Christianity. The Marshall Press. pp. 161–. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ Jae Williams (1869). A history of Wales: Derived from authentic sources. Longmans, Green & Co. pp. 42–. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ S. Baring-Gould; John Fisher (30 June 2005). The Lives of the British Saints: The Saints of Wales, Cornwall and Irish Saints. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 416–. ISBN 978-0-7661-8765-8. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Rice Rees (1836). An essay on the Welsh saints or the primitive Christians, usually considered to have been the founders of the churches in Wales. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman. pp. 355–. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ John Williams (1844). The eccles. Antiquities of the Cymry; or: The ancient British church. Cleaver. pp. 58–. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Tacitus, Annals 12:33-38
- ^ Tacitus, Annals 13:32
- ^ Martin Clayton; Bennett Zon (2007). Music and Orientalism in the British Empire, 1780s-1940s: Portrayal of the East. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 165–. ISBN 978-0-7546-5604-3. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Jerrold Northrop Moore (16 September 1999). Edward Elgar: A Creative Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 230–. ISBN 978-0-19-816366-4. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Barbara Erskine (28 December 2008). The Warrior's Princess. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-00-728720-8. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ S. Baring-Gould; J. Fisher (1908). Lives of the British Saints. Vol. 2. Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion. p. 417. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ St. Augustine's Abbey (Ramsgate, England) (1931). a book of the saints. Taylor & Francis. pp. 79–. GGKEY:FBQ2KW4XCSB. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ Joseph Hemingway (1839). Panorama of the beauties, curiosities, and antiquities of North Wales. pp. 249–. Retrieved 10 August 2012.