Research In Motion

Research In Motion Limited
Type Public
Traded as TSX: RIM
NASDAQ: RIMM
NASDAQ-100 Component
S&P/TSX 60 Component
Industry Telecommunications,
Wireless handheld devices
Founded 1984 (1984)
Founder(s) Mike Lazaridis, Jim Balsillie
Headquarters Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Area served Worldwide
Key people Thorsten Heins
(President & CEO)
Barbara Stymiest
(Chairwoman)
Mike Lazaridis
(Vice Chairman)
Products BlackBerry, BlackBerry Enterprise Server, BlackBerry Internet Service, QNX, Ripple Emulator, Tungle.me
Revenue decrease US$ 18.435 billion (2012)[1]
Operating income decrease US$ 01.490 billion (2012)[1]
Net income decrease US$ 01.164 billion (2012)[1]
Total assets increase US$ 13.731 billion (2012)[1]
Total equity increase US$ 10.100 billion (2012)[1]
Employees 17,500 (March 2012)[2]
Website RIM.com

Research In Motion Limited (TSX: RIM, NASDAQ: RIMM) or RIM is a Canadian multinational telecommunications company headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, that designs, manufactures and markets wireless solutions for the worldwide mobile and telecommunications market. RIM provides platforms and solutions for access to information, including e-mail, voice, instant messaging, short message service (SMS), Internet and intranet-based applications and browsing. RIM’s portfolio includes the BlackBerry wireless solution, the RIM Wireless Handheld product line, software development tools and other software and hardware. It was founded by Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie, who currently serves as its vice chair of RIM's Board and Chair of the Board's new Innovation Committee. The company is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange in the USA in addition to the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada.

History

Prior to the manufacture of the BlackBerry, RIM worked with RAM Mobile Data and Ericsson to turn the Ericsson-developed Mobitex wireless data network into a two-way paging and wireless e-mail network. Pivotal in this development was the release of the Inter@ctive pager 950, which started shipping in August 1998. About the size of a bar of soap, this device competed against the SkyTel two-way paging network developed by Motorola.

RIM's early development was financed by Canadian institutional and venture capital investors in 1995 through a private placement in the privately held company. Working Ventures Canadian Fund Inc. led the first venture round [3] with a C$5,000,000 investment with the proceeds being used to complete the development of RIM's two-way paging system hardware and software. A total of C$30,000,000 in pre-IPO financing was raised by the company prior to its initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange in January, 1998 under the symbol RIM.[4]

Since then, RIM has released a variety of devices running on GSM, CDMA, and iDEN networks. The ubiquity of these BlackBerry devices in the corporate environment is its ability to quickly send and receive e-mail and short messages.

In 2006 Research In Motion and Information Appliance Associates reached a licensing agreement whereby RIM would offer the complete version of PocketMac for BlackBerry to Macintosh users free of charge.[5]

In October 2008, RIM was named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc., and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine.[6]

RIM announced in February 2009 that they were expanding their global operations by opening an office and training facility in North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Just across the Harbour Bridge, ten minutes from the Sydney CBD, the new RIM offices were formally unveiled by Mr Thomas A.MacDonald, Consul General of Canada, at a ceremony attended by dignitaries from the New South Wales Government and North Sydney Council, as well as RIM’s partners and customers. The new office features training facilities, a research and development centre, a strategic partner marketing centre and technical support services.[7] Total workforce provides 12,000 jobs world wide.

In June 2009 RIM has announced they were acquiring Dash Navigation, makers of the Dash Express.[8] In August 2009, RIM acquired Torch Mobile, enabling the inclusion of a Webkit-based browser on their Blackberry devices.

On August 18, 2009, Fortune Magazine named RIM as the fastest growing company in the world with a growth of 84% in profits over three years despite the recession.[9]

On March 26, 2010, the company announced acquisition of BlackBerry applications developer Viigo, a Toronto-based company. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.[10]

RIM reached an agreement with Harman International on April 12, 2010, for RIM to acquire QNX Software Systems. "RIM is excited about the planned acquisition of QNX Software Systems and we look forward to ongoing collaboration between Harman, QNX and RIM to further integrate and enhance the user experience between smartphones and in-vehicle audio and infotainment systems," said Mike Lazaridis, President and Co-CEO at RIM. "In addition to our interests in expanding the opportunities for QNX in the automotive sector and other markets, we believe the planned acquisition of QNX will also bring other value to RIM in terms of supporting certain unannounced product plans for intelligent peripherals, adding valuable intellectual property to RIM's portfolio and providing long-term synergies for the companies based on the significant and complementary OS expertise that exists within the RIM and QNX teams today."[11][12][13]

On September 27, 2010, RIM announced the long rumoured BlackBerry PlayBook tablet computer. The BlackBerry PlayBook was officially released to US and Canadian consumers on April 19, 2011.

As of May 2010, RIM OS held 10.4% of the smartphone operating system market.[14]

On Jun 30, 2011, an investor push for the company to split its dual-CEO structure was unexpectedly withdrawn after an agreement was made with RIM. RIM announced that after discussions between the two groups, Northwest & Ethical Investments will withdraw its shareholder proposal before RIM's annual meeting.[15]

In September 2011, RIM decided to build assembly factory (hardware) in Malaysia rather in Indonesia, but Indonesia will become the Blackberry's application and market research centre(software).[16]

On October 10, 2011, RIM experienced one of the worst service outages in the company's history. Tens of millions of BlackBerry users in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and North America were unable to receive or send emails and BBM messages through their phones.[17] The outage was caused as a result of a core switch failure, "A transition to a back-up switch did not function as tested, causing a large backlog of data, RIM said."[18] Service was restored Thursday 13 October, with RIM announcing a $100 package of free premium apps for users and enterprise support extensions.[19][20]

On January 22, 2012 RIM announced that Co CEOs Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis have stepped down as CEOs and announced the new CEO to be Thorsten Heins.[21][22]

In March 2012 it was announced that RIM awarded a patent for placing fuel cell behind mobile phone keyboards.[23] Through the system, which RIM has been registered as a patent in 2009, the mobile phones would be able to recharge itself.[24]

On March 29, 2012, RIM announced a strategic review[25] of its future business strategy - A plan to refocus on the enterprise business and leverage on its leading position in the enterprise space.[26] The RIM Chief Executive, Thorsten Heins said, "We believe that BlackBerry cannot succeed if we tried to be everybody's darling and all things to all people. Therefore, we plan to build on our strength."[27] As part of the management shake-up, it was also announced that the former co-chief Jim Balsillie has resigned from RIM's board along the departure of David Yach, CTO for software, and Jim Rowan, COO for global operations.

On 24th May 2012, RIM's global sales head Patrick Spence resigned.[28]

Growth

Year Sales Operating Income Net Income
2002[29]  294,000,000   (58,000,000)   (28,000,000)
2003[29] 307,000,000 (64,000,000) (149,000,000)
2004[29] 595,000,000 78,000,000 52,000,000
2005[29] 1,350,000,000 386,000,000 206,000,000
2006[29] 2,066,000,000 617,000,000 375,000,000
2007[29] 3,037,000,000 807,000,000 632,000,000
2008[29] 6,009,000,000 1,731,000,000 1,294,000,000
2009[29] 11,065,000,000 2,722,000,000 1,893,000,000
2010[29] 14,953,000,000 3,507,000,000 2,457,000,000
2011[29] 19,907,000,000 4,739,000,000 3,444,000,000

Decline

In June 2011, the company announced its prediction that Q1 2011 revenue will drop for the first time in nine years, and also unveiled plans to reduce its workforce. The market followed, with RIM stock falling to its lowest point since 2006.[30] From June 2008 to June 2011, RIM's shareholders lost almost $70 billion, or 82 percent, as the company's market capitalization dropped from $83 billion to $13.6 billion, the biggest decline among communications-equipment providers,[31]

In July 2011, the company cut 2,000 jobs, the biggest lay-off in its history. The lay-off reduced the workforce by around 11%, from 19,000 employees to 17,000.[32]

RIM lost some market share worldwide to Apple's iPhone and to smartphones running Google's Android operating system, which caused a decline in profit and share value. On December 16, 2011 RIM shares fell to their lowest price since January 2004 and the stock dropped 77 percent in 2011 alone.[33] By March 2012 shares were worth less than $14, from a height of over $140 in 2008. The BlackBerry PlayBook, launched in 2011 as a business-oriented alternative to the Apple iPad, was a critical and commercial failure. Meanwhile, chief executive Thorsten Heins reaffirmed RIM's business focus, explaining that consumer-friendly features like entertainment applications are not important to the company's core customers.[34]

In the fourth quarter of fiscal year ended at March 3, 2012 RIM shipped 11.1 million BlackBerry smartphones, fell 21 percent from the previous quarter and it was the first decline in the quarter covering Christmas since 2006. For its fourth quarter, RIM announced a net loss of $125 million (the last loss before it occurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005).[35] RIM is the biggest world market share losers in 2011 due to Samsung and HTC booming with Android OS, while RIM's share in the US market dropped to just 3 percent from 9 percent a year earlier.[36]

Patent litigation

Since the turn of the century, RIM has been embroiled in a series of suits relating to alleged patent infringement.[37]

In 2001, Research In Motion sued competitor Glenayre Electronics[38] Inc for patent infringement, partly in response to an earlier infringement suit filed by Glenayre against RIM. RIM sought an injunction to prevent Glenayre from infringing on RIM's "Single Mailbox Integration" patent.[39] The suit was ultimately settled in favour of RIM.

In June 2002, Research In Motion filed suit against 2000 start-up and competitor Good Technology.[40] RIM filed additional complaints throughout the year.[41] In March 2004, Good agreed to a licensing deal, thereby settling the outstanding litigation.[42]

On September 16, 2002, Research In Motion was awarded a patent pertaining to keyboard design on hand-held e-mail devices. Upon receiving the patent, it proceeded to sue Handspring over its Treo device.[41][43] Handspring eventually agreed to license RIM's patent and avoid further litigation in November of the same year.[44]

During the appeals, RIM discovered new prior art that raised a "substantial new question of patentability" and filed for a reexamination of the NTP patents in the United States Patent and Trademark Office. That reexamination was conducted separately to the court cases for infringement. In February 2006, the USPTO rejected all of NTP's claims in three disputed patents. NTP has appealed the decision, and the reexamination process is still outgoing as of July 2006 (See NTP, Inc. for details).

On March 3, 2006, RIM announced that it had settled its BlackBerry patent dispute with NTP. Under the terms of the settlement, RIM has agreed to pay NTP US$612.5 million in a “full and final settlement of all claims.” In a statement, RIM said that “all terms of the agreement have been finalized and the litigation against RIM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon. The agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or injunctive relief.”[citation needed]

See also: NTP, Inc.#RIM patent infringement litigation

On July 17, 2003, while still embroiled in litigation with NTP and Good Technology, RIM filed suit against Xerox in the U.S. District of Hartford, Connecticut. The suit was filed in response to discussions about patents held by Xerox that might affect RIM's business, and also asks that patents held by Xerox be invalidated.[45]

On May 1, 2006, RIM was sued by Visto for infringement of four patents.[46] Though the patents were widely considered invalid and in the same veins as the NTP patents – with a judgement going against Visto in the U.K.[47][48] – RIM settled the lawsuit in the United States on July 16, 2009, with RIM agreeing to pay Visto US$267.5M plus other undisclosed terms.[49]

On January 22, 2010, Motorola requested that all BlackBerry smartphones be banned from being imported into the United States for infringing upon five of Motorola's patents. Their patents for "early-stage innovations", including UI, power management and WiFi, are in question.[50] RIM countersued later the same day, alleging anti-competitive behaviour and that Motorola had broken a 2003 licensing agreement by refusing to extend licensing terms beyond 2008.[51] The companies settled out of court on June 11, 2010.[52]

Acquisitions

Certicom

Certicom Corp. is a cryptography company founded in 1985 by Gordon Agnew,[53] Ron Mullin and Scott Vanstone.

The Certicom intellectual property portfolio includes over 350 patents and patents pending worldwide that cover key aspects of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC): software optimizations, efficient hardware implementations, methods to enhance the security, and various cryptographic protocols.[citation needed]

The National Security Agency (NSA) has licensed 26 of Certicom's ECC patents as a way of clearing the way for the implementation of elliptic curves to protect US and allied government information.[54]

Certicom's current customers include General Dynamics, Motorola, Oracle, Research In Motion and Unisys.[citation needed]

On January 23, 2009, VeriSign entered into an agreement to acquire Certicom.[55] Research In Motion put in a counter-offer, which was deemed superior.[56] VeriSign did not match this offer,[57] and so Certicom announced an agreement to be acquired by RIM,.[58] Upon the completion of this transaction, Certicom became a wholly owned subsidiary of RIM, and was de-listed from the Toronto Stock Exchange on March 25, 2009.

DataViz

DataViz, Inc. is a software company located in Milford, Connecticut. They sell RoadSync, and MacLinkPlus. MacLinkPlus is a Macintosh program for converting files from one format to another. RoadSync utilizes the Microsoft Exchange ActiveSync protocol to access Exchange information which includes e-mail, calendar and contact information. On September 8, 2010, they sold their office suite Documents To Go and other assets to Research In Motion for $50 million.[59]

The Astonishing Tribe

The Astonishing Tribe (TAT) was a company with headquarters in Malmö, Sweden. Founded in February 2002 by Mikael Tellhed, Ludvig Linge, Paul Blomdahl, Karl-Anders Johansson, Per Grimberg, and Hampus Jakobsson. TAT started out as a hobby project and for the first year the company worked with TV commercials, animation, post production for film, consultancy services within image compression for embedded systems, and interactive art. During the second year the company got traction in the mobile industry and started to employ people. Focus shifted completely to user interfaces, especially licensing technology for rendering and structuring of the user interface. As of September 2010 over 180 employees work for TAT at the offices in Sweden, South Korea, the United States, and the newly opened office in Japan. TAT worked with some of the biggest mobile brands such as Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Orange and, Motorola. TAT also licensed software to other industries such as automotive and consumer electronics.

TAT was acquired by Research in Motion (RIM), the maker of the Blackberry smartphone, on December 2, 2010.[60][61]

Some of the founding members have a history from the demo group Yodel. This group made a contribution to The Party 1996 called The Astonishing Tribe.

JayCut

In July 2011, RIM brought on JayCut, a Sweden-based company that is an online video editor.[62] JayCut will work with RIM to add video editing capabilities to the BlackBerry platform.[62]

Newbay

In October 2011, RIM brought on NewBay, an Irish-based company that is an online video, pics and tool for media networks editor "[5]." October 7, 2011

RIM stock option scandal settlement

In 2007 Co-CEO Jim Balsillie was forced to resign as chairman as the company announced a $250-million earnings restatement relating to mistakes in how it granted stock options. Furthermore, an internal review found that hundreds of stock-option grants had been backdated, timed to a low share price to make them more lucrative.[63]

In January 2009, Canadian regulators stated that they were seeking a record penalty of $80 million USD from the top two executives, Co-CEOs Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis. Furthermore, the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) has pushed for Balsillie to pay the bulk of any penalty and relinquish his seat on RIM's board of directors for a period of time.[64]

On February 5, 2009, several executives and directors of Research In Motion agreed to pay the penalties to settle an investigation into the backdating of stock options. The Ontario Securities Commission approved the arrangement in a closed-door meeting.

Under the terms of a settlement agreement with the OSC, RIM co-chief executive officers Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis, as well as chief operating officer Dennis Kavelman, will jointly pay a total of $68-million (CDN) to RIM to reimburse the company for losses from the backdating and for the costs of a long internal investigation. The three are also required to pay $9-million (CDN) to the OSC.

Mr. Balsillie will step down from RIM's board of directors for a year, but will remain in his executive role.[65][66]

Environmental record

In November 2011, RIM was ranked 15th out of 15 electronics manufactures in Greenpeace’s re-launched Guide to Greener Electronics. The guide ranks manufacturers according to their policies and practices to reduce their impact on the climate, produce greener products, and make their operations more sustainable. RIM appeared for the first time in 2011 with a score of 1.6 out of 10. In the Energy section the company was criticized by Greenpeace for not seeking external verification for its data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, for not having a clean electricity plan and for not setting a target to reduce GHG emissions.[67]

RIM performed badly in the Products category, only scoring points for the energy efficiency of its products as it reports that its Blackberry charger gets the European Commission IPP 4-star rating. Meanwhile on Sustainable Operations the company scored well for its stance on conflict minerals and received points for its Paper Procurement Policy and its mail-back programme for e-waste. Nevertheless, RIM was given no points for the management of GHG emissions from its supply chain.[67]

See also

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References

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Further reading

External links

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Research In Motion (BlackBerry)
Executive Team
  • Thorsten Heins (President and CEO)
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  • Brian Bidulka (Chief Accounting Officer)
  • David Yach (Chief Technology Officer, Software)
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