The Beer Portal .jpg)
Introduction
Beer is one of the oldest alcoholic drinks in the world, the most widely consumed, and the third most popular drink after water and tea. Beer is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also used. The fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the beer. Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilising agent. Other flavouring agents, such as gruit, herbs, or fruits, may be included or used instead of hops. In commercial brewing, natural carbonation is often replaced with forced carbonation.
Some of the earliest writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating it, and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, a recipe for it.
Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of modern beer is usually around 4% to 6% alcohol by volume (ABV).
Beer forms part of the culture of many nations and is associated with social traditions such as beer festivals, as well as activities like pub crawling, pub quizzes, and pub games. (Full article...)
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A bouncer (also known as a door supervisor) is a type of security guard, employed at licensed or sanctioned venues such as bars, nightclubs, cabaret clubs, strip clubs, casinos, hotels, billiard halls, restaurants, sporting events, schools, concerts, balls or movie theaters. A bouncer's duties are to provide security, to check legal age and drinking age, to refuse entry for intoxicated persons, and to deal with aggressive, violent or verbal behavior or disobedience with statutory or establishment rules. They are also charged with maintaining order, and ensuring all laws and regulations are being followed by all patrons.
They are civilians and they are often hired directly by the venue, rather than by a security firm in the United States. Bouncers are often required where crowd size, clientele or alcohol consumption may make arguments or fights a possibility, or where the threat or presence of criminal gang activity or violence is high. At some clubs, bouncers are also responsible for "face control", choosing who is allowed to patronize the establishment. Some establishments may also assign a bouncer to be responsible for cover charge collections. In the United States, civil liability and court costs related to the use of force by bouncers are "the highest preventable loss found within the [bar] industry", as many United States bouncers are often taken to court and other countries have similar problems of excessive force. In many countries, state governments have taken steps to professionalise the industry by requiring bouncers to have training, licensing, and a criminal records background check. In the United Kingdom, all licensed premises are required to have a Security Industry Authority licensed door supervisor when the venue capacity has been appraised. These operatives go through a one week training regime, and are often more highly skilled than operatives without this training, as is evident by the reduced number of assaults by bouncers since the introduction of the license. (Full article...)Selected brand -
Tooheys New is a standard Australian lager.
It can be found on tap at almost any bar in New South Wales and has historically been the state's number 1 beer. (Full article...)Selected biography -
Did you know (auto-generated) -
- ... that Figueroa Mountain Brewing Company claimed in 2017 to be brewing beer "around the clock – 22 and a half hours every day" in order to keep up with demand?
- ... that at the 1965 World Pentathlon Championships, Herbert Polzhuber was said to have drunk ten beers and a bottle of cognac before firing his pistol at the ground and passing out?
- ... that the debate in "Game On" invokes the beer question?
- ... that the patu clubs on the New Zealand threepence were compared to bottles of ginger beer?
- ... that late arrivals at American colonial-era inns might find that the only drink on offer was Whistle Belly Vengeance, a mixture of sour beer, molasses and bread crusts?
- ... that Pope Pius IX gave the monks of Saint Vincent Archabbey permission to brew Saint Vincent Beer?
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General images
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A funerary model of a bakery and brewery, from the Eleventh dynasty of Egypt, c. 2009–1998 BCE (from History of beer) -
Cask ales with gravity dispense at a beer festival (from Brewing) -
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A 16th-century brewery (from History of beer) -
A 16th-century brewery (from Brewing)
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Diatomaceous earth, used to create a filtration bed (from Brewing) -
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Spontaneous fermentation at Timmermans in Belgium (from Brewing) -
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Brew kettles at Brasserie La Choulette in France (from Brewing) -
A replica of ancient Egyptian beer, brewed from emmer wheat by the Courage brewery in 1996 (from History of beer) -
Gambrinus – king of beer (from History of beer) -
Microbreweries, regional breweries, and brew pubs per capita (from Craft beer) -
Traditional fermenting building (center) and modern fermenting building (left) in Pilsner Urquell Brewery (Czech Republic) (from History of beer) -
A yard of ale at Jolly Brewery, Taiwan (from Craft beer) -
Yeast ring used by Swedish homebrewers in the 19th century to preserve the yeast between brewing sessions. (from History of beer) -
Lauter tun (from Brewing) -
Bottling beer in a modern facility, 1945, Australia (from History of beer) -
World beer consumption per capita (from History of beer) -
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Irish Craft Beer Festival, 2015 (from Craft beer) -
Open vessels showing fermentation taking place (from Brewing) -
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Põhjala Brewery, Estonia (from Craft beer) -
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Modern closed fermentation vessels (from Brewing) -
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Casks of real ale from British microbreweries at a beer festival (from Craft beer)
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Bill Urquhart at Litchborough Brewery (from Craft beer) -
The Alulu beer receipt records a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BC from the Sumerian city of Umma in Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq). (from Brewing) -
A selection of French craft beers (from Craft beer) -
A mash tun at the Bass Museum in Burton-upon-Trent (from Brewing) -
D. G. Yuengling & Son is the oldest operating brewing company in the US, established in 1829. It is also the largest craft brewer, and the 6th largest brewing company overall. (from Craft beer) -
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Philistine pottery beer jug (from History of beer) -
A beer sommelier tapping a barrel for a taste at Nebraska Brewing Company (from Craft beer) -
Bergenhus microbrewery, Bergen, Norway (from Craft beer) -
Conditioning tanks at Anchor Brewing Company (from Brewing) -
Pasteur Street Brewing, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (from Craft beer) -
Robohop, a session IPA from Cervisiam in Oslo, Norway (from Craft beer) -
Alulu beer receipt recording a purchase of "best" beer from a brewer, c. 2050 BCE, from the Sumerian city of Umma in ancient Iraq. (from History of beer)
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A can of Juicy Ass IPA from Flying Monkeys Craft Brewery in Barrie, Ontario, Canada (from Craft beer) -
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Spent grain, a brewing by-product (from Brewing) -
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| “ | Beer, if drunk with moderation, softens the temper, cheers the spirit and promotes health | ” |
| — Thomas Jefferson |
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WikiProjects
WikiProject Beer is an association of Wikipedians with an interest in beer and beer-related subjects. They have come together to coordinate the development of beer and brewery articles here on Wikipedia. Additionally, other groups have formed other projects that entertain subjects that are directly related to beer, bartending and pubs. Additionally, the mixed drinks project covers topics that include beer cocktails. If any of these subjects pique your interest, please feel free to visit their projects. These groups would love to have you participate!
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