Philip I (Russian: Филипп I; died 1473) was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus' from 1464 to 1473. He was the third metropolitan in Moscow to be appointed by the civil authority without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm.
Philip I, Metropolitan of Moscow | |
|---|---|
| Metropolitans of Moscow and all Russia | |
 | |
| Church | Russian Orthodox Church |
| See | Moscow |
| Installed | 1464 |
| Term ended | 1473 |
| Predecessor | Theodosius, Metropolitan of Moscow |
| Successor | Gerontius, Metropolitan of Moscow |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 17 June 1402 |
| Died | 5 April 1473 |
Life edit
According to the modern researcher Archimandrite Macarius (Veretennikov), he was born in the Byzantine Empire at the beginning of the 15th century. He served as a patriarchal clerk-official and lived in Constantinople. During his tonsure, he was named after the Philip the Apostle.
He arrived to Russia apparently after the death of Metropolitan Photius, i. e. after 1431. He stayed in Russia for a long time, became Russified, and the memory of his Greek origin was almost lost.
In 1464, he was appointed Metropolitan of Moscow, hand-picked by Theodosius at the time of his resignation, just as Theodosius had been picked by his predecessor, Iona[1]
In the 1470s, Philip was actively engaged in a struggle against the Polish-Lithuanian influence over Novgorod, particularly the influence of the Metropolitan of Lithuania and the fear that Novgorod would defect to him and eventually go over to Catholicism.[2]
While he was instrumental in bringing Sophia Paleologue from Rome to Moscow in 1472, Philip was against admitting a papal legate in her entourage into Moscow, thus continuing his opposition to Catholicism or "Latinism" in his province.[3]
That same year, Philip started reconstructing the Cathedral of the Dormition in the Moscow Kremlin. The original cathedral, built by Metropolitan Petr in 1326, was in a dilapidated state; Philipp hired inexperienced workers and soon after his death the building collapsed. It was rebuilt by Aristotile Fioravanti under Metropolitan Gerontius.[4]
Metropolitan Philip died on 5 April 1473 and was buried in the Cathedral of the Dorimition in the Moscow Kremlin.[5]
References edit
- ^ Golubinskii, Istoriia russkoi tserkvi, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 532.
- ^ Golubinskii, Istoriia russkoi tserkvi, vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 536-540.
- ^ Golubinskii, Istoriia russkoi tserkvi, vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 542-544, esp. 543.
- ^ Golubinskii, Istoriia russkoi tserkvi, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 551.
- ^ Golubinskii, Istoriia russkoi tserkvi, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 548.
Literature edit
- Макарий (Веретенников), архим. (2015). "К вопросу о национальности митрополита Филиппа I". Вестник Екатеринбургской духовной семинарии (3 (11)): 26–43.
- Макарий (Веретенников), архим. (2016). "Святой митрополит Филипп I (1464—1473)". Митрополиты Древней Руси (X-XVI века) (1000 экз ed.). М.: Изд-во Сретенского монастыря. pp. 787–823. ISBN 978-5-7533-1099-6.