Owain ab Edwin of Tegeingl or Owain the Traitor (Welsh: Owain Fradwr), (died 1105)[1] was lord of the cantref of Tegeingl in north-east Wales at the end of the 11th century. He was the son of Edwin ap Gronw of Tegeingl, a great-great-grandson of Hywel Dda. He sided with the Normans in their failed invasion of North Wales, and in the 1090s attempted to become ruler of Gwynedd.
His arms were gules three men's legs conjoined at the thighs in triangle argent.[2]
Ancestry edit
Little is known of Owain's father, Edwin of Tegeingl.[3][4] However, most medieval pedigrees identify Owain's paternal grandfather as Gronwy, a descendant of Hywel Dda.[3] Owain may have been a great-great-great-grandson of Hywel Dda[4] although this is disputed.[3] His paternal grandmother is believed to have been Ethelfleda or Aldgyth, daughter of Eadwine of Mercia.[3] His mother was Iwerydd, sister of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Prince of Gwynedd and Powys (1063–1075).[1]
Biography edit
Lordship of Tegeingl edit
Owain was Lord or Prince of the cantref of Tegeingl.[1] The cantref formed the eastern part of Perfeddwlad (or Y Berfeddwlad) on the northern coast of Wales between the River Clwyd and Deeside. The territory, originally forming part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd, had been under the control of the Anglo-Saxons for several centuries and then changed hands several times between the two.[5] Owain's father, Edwin, appears to have been raised to the lordship of Tegeingl by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn,[3] ruler of most of Wales between 1055 and 1063. Edwin died in 1073[4] and Owain succeeded him as lord.
Challenge to the kingship edit
It appears that Owain made a challenge for the kingship of Gwynedd and may have succeeded in holding it for a time in the 1090s.[6] Links to previous rulers through the female line were very important in establishing a claim, and Owain's relationship with Bleddyn ap Cynfyn through his mother would have been relevant.[6]
Role in the Norman Invasion edit
In the 1080s and the 1090s, the Normans led by Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester made several attempts to invade and gain control of North Wales.[7] Owain ap Edwin transferred his allegiance to the Normans following the defeat of his ally Trahaearn ap Caradog, prince of Gwynedd (1075–1081), at the Battle of Mynydd Carn in 1081, a move which earned him the epithet Fradwr, traitor, among the Welsh.[3] In 1098, Owain participated in a massive invasion of North Wales by Hugh d’Avranches, with Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury,[8] forcing Gruffydd ap Cynan, prince of Gwynedd (1081–1137), to retreat to Anglesey. As a result of the intervention of a Norwegian army under Magnus Barelegs, the Normans suffered a defeat and withdrew most of their forces to England.[8] Following the Norman withdrawal, Owain was left in command of a token force to control upper Gwynedd.[3][7] Over the next three years, Gruffydd ap Cynan reasserted his control over Gwynedd and agreed terms with the Normans.[7] In the meantime, Owain deserted the Normans and led a rebellion himself.[9] He died shortly afterwards in 1105, apparently of consumption.[2][9]
Descendants edit
Owain Fradwr married Morfudd, daughter of Goronwy, son of Ednowain Bendew.[2]
Owain's daughter, Angharad, married Gruffudd ap Cynan, Prince of Gwynedd,[1] by whom she had three sons: Cadwallon, Owain Gwynedd (the first Welsh prince to take the title Princeps Wallensium,[10] Prince of the Welsh) and Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd.
His sons were Goronwy, Meilir, Llywelyn, Aldud, and Rhirid.[2] Goronwy was the father of the Cristin who was the second wife of Owain Gwynedd.[1] However, in 1125 a son of Gruffudd ap Cynan killed all Owain's male heirs bringing the direct line of the family to an end.[3]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Pierce, Thomas Jones. "Owain ab Edwin". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d Yorke, Philip & al. The royal tribes of Wales. Accessed 4 Feb 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wilcott, Darrell "The Ancestry of Edwin of Tegeingl"
- ^ a b c Davies, William Llewelyn. "Edwin of Tegeingl". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
- ^ David Walker (1990). Medieval Wales. Cambridge University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0521311533.
- ^ a b Maund, K.L, ed. (1996). Gruffudd Ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography. Boydell & Brewer. p. 9. ISBN 978-0851153896. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
- ^ a b c Lloyd, J. E. (2004). A History of Wales; From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. pp. 21–22, 36, 39, 40, 76–77. ISBN 0-7607-5241-9.
- ^ a b Maund, K. L. (1991). Ireland, Wales, and England in the Eleventh Century. Boydell & Brewer. p. 169. ISBN 978-0851155333. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
- ^ a b Maund, K. L. (1991). Ireland, Wales, and England in the Eleventh Century. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-0851155333. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
- ^ Davies, John A History of Wales, the title Princeps Wallensium