Operation Diadem order of battle

Operation Diadem order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the fighting on the Winter Line and at the Anzio bridgehead south of Rome during Operation Diadem in May - June 1944 which resulted in the Allied breakthrough at Cassino and the breakout at Anzio leading to the capture of Rome.

Allied Armies in Italy

C-in-C: General Sir Harold Alexander

Chief of Staff: Lieutenant-General Sir John Harding

U.S. Fifth Army

Commander:

Lieutenant-General Mark Wayne Clark

U.S. VI Corps (at Anzio)

Major-General Lucian K. Truscott

• U.S. 3rd Infantry Division (Brigadier General John W. O'Daniel) until 25 May 1944
• British 1st Infantry Division (Major-General John Hawkesworth)
• U.S. 45th Infantry Division (Major General William W. Eagles)
• U.S. 1st Armored Division (Major General Ernest N. Harmon)
• U.S. 34th Infantry Division (Major General Charles W. Ryder)
• U.S. 36th Infantry Division (Major General Fred Walker) (from 18 May 1944)
• British 5th Infantry Division (Major-General Philip G.S. Gregson-Ellis)
• First Special Service Force (3 regiments of two battalions each) (Brigadier General Robert T. Frederick)

U.S. II Corps (on the Winter Line)

Major-General Geoffrey Keyes

• U.S. 88th Infantry Division (Major-General John E. Sloan
• U.S. 85th Infantry Division (Major-General John B. Coulter)
• 1st U.S. Armored Group (three tank battalions)
• U.S. 3rd Infantry Division (Brigadier John W. O'Daniel) (from 25 May)

French Expeditionary Corps (on the Winter Line)

General Alphonse Juin

• 3rd Algerian Infantry Division (Major-General Joseph de Goiselard de Monsabert)
• 4th Moroccan Mountain Division (Major-General François Sevez )
• 2nd Moroccan Infantry Division (Major-General André W. Dody)
• 1st Motorised Infantry Division (1st Free French Division) (Major-General Diego Brosset)
• Command of Moroccan Goumiers (Three Groups of Tabors each comprising three tabors of 500 to 800 men) (Brigadier-General Augustin Guillaume)
• Corps Troops
  • 7th and 8th Regiments Chasseurs d'Afrique. (M10 tank destroyers)
  • Levant Artillery Regiment
  • 64th African Artillery Regiment
  • Marine Artillery group (two batteries)

Army Reserve

• H.Q. U.S. IV Corps
• U.S. 36th Infantry Division (Major-General Fred Walker) (from 18 May 1944)

British 8th Army (on the Winter Line)

Commander:

Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver Leese

XIII Corps

Lieutenant-General Sidney Kirkman

• British 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Ward)
• British 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Vivian Evelegh)
• Indian 8th Infantry Division (Major-General Dudley Russell)
• British 78th Infantry Division (Major-General Charles Keightley)
• Canadian 1st Armoured Brigade (Brigadier W. C. Murphy)

Canadian I Corps

Lieutenant-General E. L. M. Burns

• Canadian 1st Infantry Division (Major-General Chris Vokes)
• Canadian 5th Armoured Division (Major-General Bert Hoffmeister)
• British 25th Army Tank Brigade (Brigadier J.N. Tetley)

Polish II Corps

Lieutenant-General Władysław Anders

• Polish 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division (Major-General Bolesław Bronisław Duch)
• Polish 5th Kresowa Infantry Division (Major-General Nikodem Sulik)
• Polish 2nd Armoured Brigade (Brigadier-General Bronislaw Rakowski)

British X Corps

Lieutenant-General Sir Richard McCreery

• New Zealand 2nd Division (Lieutenant-General Sir Bernard Freyberg)
• British 24th Guards Brigade (Brigadier A.F.L. Clive)
• British 2nd Parachute Brigade (Brigadier C.H.V. Pritchard)
• 12th South African Motorised Brigade (Brigadier R.J. Palmer)
• Italian Corps of Liberation (Six battalions and a regiment of artillery) (General Umberto Utili)

Army Reserve

• South African 6th Armoured Division (Major-General Evered Poole)

British V Corps (On the Adriatic front in a holding role directly under A.A.I.)

Lieutenant-General Charles Allfrey

• Indian 4th Infantry Division (Major-General Arthur Holworthy)
• Indian 10th Infantry Division (Major-General Denys Reid)
• British 23rd Armoured Brigade (Brigadier R.H.E. Arkwright)

German Army Group C

Commander:

Field Marshal Albert Kesselring

Army Group Reserve

• German 92nd Infantry Division (Major-General Werner Goeritz) (Tiber Coastal Command)
• Hermann Göring Panzer Division (Brigadier-General Wilhelm Schmalz) (in OKW Reserve)
• German 29th Panzergrenadier Division (Lieutenant-General Walter Fries)
• German 26th Panzer Division (Lieutenant-General Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz)
• German 90th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Ernst-Günther Baade)

German Fourteenth Army (at Anzio)

Commander: Lieutenant-General Eberhard von Mackensen (until end May 1944, then under direct command of Kesselring)

German I Parachute Corps

Lieutenant-General Alfred Schlemm

• German 4th Parachute Division (Major-General Heinrich Trettner)
• 65th Infantry Division (Major-General Hellmuth Pfeifer)
• 3rd Panzergrenadier Division (Brigadier-General Hans Hecker to 1 June then Major-General Hans-Günther von Rost to 25 June then Major-General Walter Denkert)

German LXXVI Panzer Corps

Lieutenant-General Traugott Herr

• German 362nd Infantry Division (Major-General Heinz Greiner)
• German 715th Infantry Division (Major-General Hans-Georg Hildebrandt)

German Tenth Army (on the Winter Line)

Commander: General Heinrich von Vietinghoff

XIV Panzer Corps

Lieutenant-General Frido von Senger und Etterlin (on leave 17 April to 17 May during which time Lieutenant-General Otto Hartmann)

• 15th Panzergrenadier Division (Major-General Rudolf Sperl)
• German 71st Infantry Division (Major-General Wilhelm Raapke)
• German 94th Infantry Division (Major-General Bernhard Steinmetz)

LI Mountain Corps

Lieutenant-General Valentin Feurstein

• German 44th Reichsgrenadier Division Hoch und Deutschchmeister (Major-General Bruno Ortner)
• German 1st Parachute Division (Lieutenant-General Richard Heidrich)
• German 114th Jäger Division (Major-General Alexander Bourquin to 19 May 1944 then Major-General Hans Boelsen)
• German 5th Mountain Division (Major-General Max-Günther Schrank)

Korpsgruppe Hauck (on Adriatic front in holding role)

Major-General Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck

• German 305th Infantry Division (Lieutenant-General Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck)
• German 334th Infantry Division (Major-General Hellmuth Böhlke)

Armeegruppe von Zangen (in northern Italy)

Commander: Lieutenant-General Gustav von Zangen

LXXV Corps

Lieutenant-General Anton Dostler

• 356th Infantry Division (Major-General Egon von Neindorff until 15 May then Major-General Karl Faulenbach)
• 162nd Turkoman Division (Major-General Oskar von Niedermayer)

Corps Witthöft (Eastern sub-Alpine region)

Lieutenant-General Joachim Witthöft

• 188th Mountain Division (Major-General Hans von Hößlin)
• 278th Infantry Division (elements) (Major-General Harry Hoppe)

Corps Kübler (Adriatic coastal region)

Lieutenant-General Ludwig Kübler

• 278th Infantry Division (most of) (Major-General Harry Hoppe)

Sources

• Carver, Field Marshal Lord (2001). The Imperial War Museum Book of the War in Italy 1943-1945. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0-330-48230-0. 
• Clark, LLoyd (2006). Anzio: The Friction of War. Italy and the Battle for Rome 1944. Headline Publishing Group, London. ISBN 978-0-7553-1420-1. 
• Houterman, Hans; Koppes, Jeroen. "World War II unit histories and officers". Retrieved 2007-08-06. 
• Joslen, Lt-Col H.F. (2003) [1st. pub. HMSO:1960]. Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 9781843424741. OCLC 65152579. 
• Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; with Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Davies, Major-General H.L. & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:1984]. Butler, Sir James, ed. The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume VI: Victory in the Mediterranean, Part 1 - 1st April to 4th June 1944. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Revised by Jackson, General Sir William. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 1-84574-070-X. 
• "Orders of Battle.com". Retrieved 2007-08-06. 
• Wendell, Marcus. "Axis History Factbook: German army order of battle". Retrieved 2007-08-06.