Ngunguru is a coastal settlement in Northland, New Zealand, 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of Whangārei. The Ngunguru River flows between the settlement and a long low sandspit into Ngunguru Bay, which stretches southwards. North of Ngunguru are Tutukaka and Matapouri. Just off the Ngunguru coast are the Poor Knights Islands, a protected marine reserve.[3][4]
Ngunguru | |
|---|---|
 Ngunguru coast | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 35°38′04″S 174°30′00″E / 35.63444°S 174.50000°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Northland Region |
| District | Whangarei District |
| Ward | Whangarei Heads Ward |
| Electorates | |
| Government | |
| • Territorial Authority | Whangarei District Council |
| • Regional council | Northland Regional Council |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3.57 km2 (1.38 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2023)[2] | |
| • Total | 1,270 |
| • Density | 360/km2 (920/sq mi) |
Ngunguru is a Māori-language word meaning "rumbling tides".[5]
History edit
The waka Tūnui-ā-rangi, which brought Ngāi Tāhuhu to New Zealand according to traditional accounts, visited Ngunguru on its way from the Bay of Islands to Whangarei.[6] The area was named by Puhi, captain of another waka, Mataatua.[7]
In pre-European times, there was a substantial Māori population in the area.[8] A large battle was fought on the Ngunguru sandspit between the local Te Waiariki and Waikato tribes led by Te Wherowhero in 1832.[9]
The first chart of "Nongodo" was drawn by Captain N. C. Phillips of HMS Buffalo in 1836.[8] James Busby, Gilbert Mair and W. J. Lewington bought 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) at Ngunguru in 1840, although the government disputed the sale for the next 30 years and attempted to buy the land itself from the original Māori owners.[10][11] They established one of the earliest sawmills in the country at Ngunguru in 1840 to take advantage of the abundant kauri timber. It was water-powered.[12] The mill failed financially in 1844,[13] but others succeeded in the industry and Ngunguru exported timber and especially roofing shingles for many years.[8]
The Melanesian Mission ship Southern Cross was wrecked in Ngunguru Bay in 1860.[8][14]
A bullock track was built to Whangarei in the 1860s.[15] In 1892, coal was discovered at Kiripaka, at the headwaters of the Ngunguru River. 620,000 long tons (630,000 t) were mined until 1921.[8]
The beach settlement developed after roading was improved in the 1950s.[16] An attempt to sell the Ngunguru sandspit for property development in 2005 attracted considerable local opposition, and no buyers.[17] In August 2011 the government purchased the spit from the Todd Property Group. The Department of Conservation will administer the reserve, which is one of a small number of sand spits that are relatively intact from an ecological perspective. Four separate assessments have ranked the spit as nationally significant[18]
In October 2022 the Scotland women's national rugby team visited Ngunguru Marae in what was called a celebration of "the genealogical links between Scotland and Māori" by Te Ao Māori News.[19][20]
Demographics edit
Ngunguru covers 3.57 km2 (1.38 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 1,270 as of June 2023,[2] with a population density of 356 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 879 | — |
| 2013 | 918 | +0.62% |
| 2018 | 1,164 | +4.86% |
| Source: [21] | ||
Ngunguru had a population of 1,164 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 246 people (26.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 285 people (32.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 468 households, comprising 558 males and 606 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.92 males per female. The median age was 44.1 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 267 people (22.9%) aged under 15 years, 135 (11.6%) aged 15 to 29, 525 (45.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 240 (20.6%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 87.6% European/Pākehā, 18.0% Māori, 2.3% Pacific peoples, 2.6% Asian, and 2.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 21.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 61.6% had no religion, 25.5% were Christian, 0.8% were Hindu, 0.3% were Buddhist and 3.4% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 222 (24.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 153 (17.1%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $29,500, compared with $31,800 nationally. 147 people (16.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 411 (45.8%) people were employed full-time, 168 (18.7%) were part-time, and 21 (2.3%) were unemployed.[21]
Facilities edit
Ngunguru School is a coeducational full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 219 students as of February 2024.[22][23] The school celebrated its centennial in 1970.[24]
Ngunguru has a sports and recreation club, which started in the late 1970s in a leased farm paddock. Then in 1979 the first club committee took over the land lease and started building up the club's facilities. The sports ground was officially opened on 20 March 1982 with a gala and a rugby match "between the Northland Vikings (a virtual Northland side) and a star-studded Ngunguru Invitation side which included three former All Blacks".[25]
References edit
- ^ a b "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (regional councils); "Subnational population estimates (TA, SA2), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (territorial authorities); "Subnational population estimates (urban rural), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996-2023 (2023 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023. (urban areas)
- ^ Peter Dowling, ed. (2004). Reed New Zealand Atlas. Reed Books. pp. map 8. ISBN 0-7900-0952-8.
- ^ Roger Smith, GeographX (2005). The Geographic Atlas of New Zealand. Robbie Burton. pp. map 25. ISBN 1-877333-20-4.
- ^ "Whangārei tribes". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 5 April 2008.
- ^ "Canoe traditions – Other northern canoes". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
- ^ "Whangārei tribes – Ancestors". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
- ^ a b c d e Parkes, W. F. (1992). Guide to Whangarei City and District. p. 37. ISBN 0-473-01639-7.
- ^ "Sandspit Timeline". Retrieved 1 April 2010.
- ^ "Busby, James". Encyclopedia of New Zealand (1966).
- ^ Pickmere, Nancy Preece (1986). Whangarei: The Founding Years. p. 27.
- ^ "Whangārei Harbour and north". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
- ^ Pickmere, pp. 27–30
- ^ "Australian and New Zealand shipwrecks".
- ^ Pickmere, p. 132
- ^ "Whangarei". Encyclopedia of New Zealand (1966).
- ^ Powley, Kathryn (16 July 2005). "Ngunguru Sandspit off market". The Northern Advocate.
- ^ "Ngunguru Spit purchase a win for conservation". New Zealand Government (Beehive). 25 August 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ^ Ngunguru welcomes Scotland's women's rugby team | Te Ao Mārama, retrieved 24 December 2022
- ^ Scotland Women’s Rugby welcomed onto Ngunguru Marae, retrieved 24 December 2022
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Ngunguru (107600). 2018 Census place summary: Ngunguru
- ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ Education Counts: Ngunguru School
- ^ Ngunguru School Centennial 1870–1970 : souvenir booklet. Ngunguru School. 1971. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
- ^ "Home | Ngunguru Sports & Recreation Club". Ngunguru Sports & Recreation Club. Retrieved 26 December 2022.