Narapati of Mrauk U (Rakhine: နာရပတိ (မြောက်ဦး)); whose personal name Nga-Kuthala (Rakhine: ငကုသလ), was a king of the Mrauk-U Dynasty of Arakan. He was a great-grandson of Min Bin.[citation needed]
| Narapatigyi နရပတိကြီး | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Arakan | |||||
| Reign | 27 June 1638 - 13 December 1645 | ||||
| Coronation | 3 July 1638 | ||||
| Predecessor | Sanay | ||||
| succession | Thado | ||||
| Born | Maung Ku-tha မောင်ကုသလ 1600s (Wednesday born) Launggyet | ||||
| Died | 3 December 1645 Mrauk U | ||||
| Consort | Nat Shin Mae | ||||
| Issue | Thado | ||||
| |||||
| House | Narapatigyi | ||||
| Father | unknown | ||||
| Mother | unknown | ||||
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism | ||||
Ascent to the throne edit
Prior to his predecesor Min Sanay's ascension, King Thiri Thudhamma had inadvertently elevated the importance of the Laungkrakca, the governor of Launggyet. At the time of his death and Sanay's ascension, Narapati was the Laungkrakca and was vying for power within the royal court.[1] When Sanay died from smallpox, Narapati seized the throne for himself with the help of Sane's mother Nat Shin Mae- who also happened to be his lover. He then bore the title of Narapati which means "Lord of the people". To secure his accession, Narapati murdered many royal relatives and nobles, causing targeted survivors to flee to Chittagong.[citation needed] Historian Jacques Leider ascribes the mysterious death of Thiri Thudhamma and Sanay as a coup d'état by Narapati.[2]
Narapati was coronated on 3 July 1638. Soon after in September 1638, his claim to the throne was challenged by the "King of Chittagong". Arakanese chronicles identify this pretender as Ngatunkhin, a son of Thiri Thudhamma. Contemporary Mughal sources identified him as a brother of Narapati by the name of Mangat Rai. Narapati detached a military force lead by his chief bodyguard and pushed the Chittagonian rebellion into Mughal territory. There, Ngatunkhin/Mangat Rai set up a base of operations by December 1639. The kingdom remained unstable with fears of a Mughal invasion or rumours of a restoration of the old royal house.[3]
Reign edit
In Narapati's reign, the military might of Mrauk U began to dwindle. However, one of the achievements of Narapati was that he established diplomatic ties with Ava in 1640. He did not maintain good relations with the Dutch for trade.[citation needed] Narapati did not feel the need to adopt a Muslim name like his predecessors, which was a tradition for Arakanese kings who had control of Chittagong. Thus, the coins minted in his reign omitted the Kalima and the Persian script altogether.[4]
In December 1643, the new governor of Chittagong rebelled, taking a large group of Portuguese mercenaries with him into Mughal territory. Narapati sent substantial army to quell the rebellion, led by his right hand man since he was unable to walk due to illness. This expedition pillaged Chittagong bringing back 80,000 people - mostly weavers-- and several tens of thousands of cattle. This effectively destroyed the importance of Chittagong as a trade centre and created deep division in Arakan as the Dutch East India Company and various nobles protested the move. The sceptics of the king's plan were eventually proven correct as the resettled craftsmen were decimated by a famine in 1645 caused by the sudden change in population, effectively destroying Arakan's textile industry as well.[5]
The king ruled until his death in December 1645, with his son Thado succeeding him.[6]
References edit
- ^ van Gelen, Stephan (2002). "Arakan at the Turn of the First Millenium of the Arakanese Era". In Gommans, Jos; Leider, Jacques (eds.). The Maritime Frontier of Burma. Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. pp. 157–8.
- ^ Leider, Jacques (1994). "La route de Am (Arakan)" [The Road to Arakan]. Journal Asiatique. 282 (2): 335–370.
- ^ van Gelen 2002, p. 158.
- ^ Yunnus, Mohammad (1994). A history of Arakan: Past and Present. Mohammed Yunus. p. 71, 76-77.
- ^ van Gelen 2002, p. 158-160.
- ^ Aye Chan (2017). ရခိုင်သမိုင်းမိတ်ဆက် [Introduction to Rakhine History]. Yangon: Shwe Thazin Publishing House. p. 101.
- A history of rakhineland in brief By Aung Hla Thein[full citation needed]
- New arakanese chronicle By Ven. Candamālālaṇkāra[full citation needed]