Names of European cities in different languages (C–D)

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time.[citation needed] In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdansk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev.[1]

C edit

English name Other names or former names
  Cádiz al-Qādis – قادس (Arabic*), Cadice (Italian*), Cadis (Catalan*, Valencian), Cádis (Portuguese*), Cadix (French*), Cadiz (German*, Romanian*), Cádiz (Spanish*), GádeiraΓάδειρα (Ancient Greek*), Gadir – גדר (Phoenician*), GēdeiraΓήδειρα (Ionian Greek*), Jiādesī – 加的斯 (Chinese*), Kadij – কাডিজ (Bengali*), KadisКадис (Russian*), Kadiseu / K'adisŭ – 카디스 (Korean*), Kadisu – カディス (Japanese*), Kadiz (Albanian, Basque*, Ladino*, Maltese), KadizКадиз (Serbian*), Kadizo (Esperanto*), Kadyks (Polish*), Gàdé'ěr - 噶德尔 (Mandarin)
  Cagliari Cagliari (Dutch*, Italian*, Finnish*, Spanish*, Romanian*), Càller (Aragonese*, Catalan*), Caralis (Latin*), Casteddu (Sardinian*), Kagliari (Ladino*), Kaljari (Albanian, Maltese), KaljariКаљари (Serbian*)
  Calahorra Calagorra (Aragonese*), Calagurris (Latin*), Calahorra (Dutch*, French*, Spanish*), KalaoraКалаора (Serbian*)
  Calais Kalē (Latvian*), KaleКале (Serbian*), Kales (Dutch alternate*)
  Cambrai Camaracum (Latin*), Cambrai (French*, German*), Cambraia (Portuguese), Camerick or Camericke (historical English*), KambreКамбре (Serbian*), Kambryk or Kamerich (former German*), Kamerijk (Dutch*), Kimbré (Picard*)
   Cambridge (England) Caergrawnt (Welsh*), Cantabrigia (Latin*), Cantabrígia or Cambrígia (Portuguese, rare*), Duroliponte or Durolipons (Roman Latin*), Jiān qiáo – 劍橋 (Chinese*), Kāngqiáo – 康橋 (former Chinese[2]), Kantavrigía – Κανταβριγία (Greek Katharevousa), Kéimbridz – Κέιμπριτζ (Greek*), Keimbeuriji / K'eimbŭriji – 케임브리지 (Korean), KembridžКембриџ (Serbian*), Kembridža (Latvian*), Kembridžas (Lithuanian*), Kembriĝo (Esperanto*), Kemburijji – ケンブリッジ (Japanese*), Kergront (Cornish), Keymbrige – קיימברידג (Hebrew*)
  Câmpulung Moldovenesc Câmpulung Moldovenesc (Romanian*), DovhopilljaДовгопілля (Ukrainian), Hosszúmező (Hungarian*), Kimpulung MoldovaneskКимпулунг Молдованеск (Serbian*)
   Canterbury Caer-Cant (Saxon), Caergaint (Welsh*), Cantorbéry (French*), Cantuaria (medieval Latin*), Cantuária (Portuguese*), Durovernum Cantiacorum (Roman Latin*), Kaenteoberi / K'aent'ŏberi – 캔터베리 (Korean), Kantaraborg (Icelandic*), Kǎntèbèiléi – 坎特貝雷 (Chinese*), KenterberiКентербери (Serbian), Kenterberija (Latvian*), Kantelberg (Dutch*), Kergent (Cornish)
  Carcassonne Carcassona (Catalan*, Italian*, Occitan*, Portuguese*), Carcasona (Spanish*), Carcassonne (Finnish*, French*), Julia Carcaso or Carcaso (Latin*), KarkasonКаркасон (Serbian*)
   Cardiff Caerdydd (Welsh*, Irish*, Scottish Gaelic), Cardife or Cardívio (Portuguese, rare*), Kādifu – カーディフ (Japanese*), Kadipeu / K'adip'ŭ – 카디프 (Korean), KardifКардиф (Serbian*), Kārdifa (Latvian*), Kardip (Tagalog*), Ovicubium (Vulgar Latin*)
   Carlisle Caerliwelydd (Welsh*), Cathair Luail (Irish, Scottish Gaelic*), KarlajlКарлајл (Serbian), Luguvalium (Latin), Lùgǔwǎlì - 鹿古瓦利 (Mandarin)
  Carlsbad Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian*, Croatian*, Romanian*), Karlove VariКарлове Вари (Serbian*), Karlovy Vary (Czech*, Turkish*), Karlowe Wary (Polish*), Karlsbad (Dutch*, German*, Swedish*), Karlsbāde (Latvian*), Károlyfürdő (Hungarian)
   Carmarthen Caerfyrddin (Welsh), Carmarthen (English), Moridunum (Latin)
  Cartagena (Spain) al-Qartājanna (Arabic), Cartagena (Catalan*, Dutch*, Portuguese*, Spanish*), Cartagina (Romanian*), Carthagène (French*), Carthago Nova (Latin*), Kartagina (Polish*), Kartaġni (Maltese), KartahenaКартахена (Serbian*), Kartaxena (Azeri*), KarthayéniΚαρθαγένη (Greek*), QRT𐤟ḤDŠT - 𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (Phoenician/Punic), Xīn Jiātàijī - 新迦太基 (Mandarin)
  Castelsardo Calteddu* or Caltheddu Saldhu (local dialect), Caltheddu (Corsican), Castheddu Sardhu (Sassarese*), Casteddu Sardu (Sardinian*), Castel Aragonés (former Catalan, 1448–1767*), Castelgenovese (former Italian, 1102–1448*), Castelsardo (Italian*), Castillo Aragonés (former Spanish, 1448–1767*), Castrum Aragonense or Castrum Aragoniense (Latin, since 1448*), Castrum Ianuae or Castrum Ianuense (older Latin, 1102–1448), Emporiae (older Latin*),

KastelsardoКастелсардо (Serbian), Yànwéibǎo - 燕维堡/燕維堡 (Mandarin)

  Catania Catane (French*), Catânia (Portuguese*), Katanja (Maltese*) Katanya (Turkish*), KatániaΚατάνια (Greek*)
  Celje Celeia (Latin*), CeljeЦеље (Serbian*), Celje (Slovene*), Cille (Hungarian*), Cilli (older English*, German*), Kelea (Celtic)
  České Budějovice Budweis (Dutch*, former English*, German*), České Budějovice (Czech*, Slovak*), Češke BudjejoviceЧешке Будјејовице (Serbian*), Cheseuki Budeyobiche / Ch'esŭk'i Pudeyobich'e – 체스키 부데요비체 (Korean), Ches'ke-BudejovyceЧеське-Будєйовіце (Ukrainian), Czeskie Budziejowice (Polish*)
  Český Těšín Český Těšín (Czech*), Češki TješinЧешки Тјешин (Serbian*), Ches'ky-TeshynЧеські-Тешин (Ukrainian), Czeski Cieszyn (Polish*), Tschechisch-Teschen (German*)
  Cēsis Cesis – Цэсіс (Belarusian*), Cēsis (Latvian*),[KNAB], Cesis – Цесис (Serbian*) Cėsys (Lithuanian),[KNAB] Kes – Кесь (archaic Russian*), Kėsys (archaic Lithuanian),[KNAB] Kieś (Polish*),[KNAB] TsesisЦесис (Russian*),[KNAB] TsesisЦесіс (Ukrainian*), Wenden (German*),[KNAB] Venden (Livonian), Venden – Венденъ (archaic Russian),[KNAB] Venden – Венден (archaic Ukrainian), Võnnu (Estonian*)[KNAB]
  Cetinje Cettigne (Italian*), Çetince (Turkish), CetinjeЦетиње (Serbian*), Cetinje (Slovene), Cetynia (Polish*), KetígniΚετίγνη (Greek*)
  Chalkida (Greece) Cálcis or Cálcida (Portuguese*), Calcide (Italian*), Chalkida (German*), ChalkídaΧαλκίδα (Modern Greek*), Chalcis (French*, Latin*), Chalkis (older German*), ChalkísΧαλκίς (Ancient Greek, Greek Katharevousa*), HalkidaХалкида (Serbian*), Khalkis (Finnish), Negroponte (medieval Italian)
  Chambéry Chamberí (old Spanish), Chambéry (Dutch, French, German), Sciamberì (old Italian), ŠamberiШамбери (Serbian*)
  Chania ChaniáΧανιά (Greek*), Hania (Finnish*, Romanian*), HanjaХања (Serbian*), Hanya (Turkish), Kudonija - 𐀓𐀈𐀛𐀊 (Mycenaean Greek), Kydonia - Κυδωνία (Ancient Greek), La Canea (Catalan*, Italian*, Spanish*), La Canée (French*),
  Charleroi Charleroi (Dutch*, Finnish*, French*, German, Romanian*), Châlerwè (alternative Walloon), Karelskoning (alternative Dutch), Karloreĝo (Esperanto*), Karolingen (former German), Šarleruā (Latvian*), ŠarlroaШарлроа (Serbian*), Sharleroah – שרלרואה (Hebrew*), Sharururowa – シャルルロワ (Japanese*), Tchålerwè (Walloon*)
  Cheb Cheb (Czech*), Eger (German*), HebХеб (Serbian*)
  Chełmno Chełmno (Polish*), Culm (variant in German*), Helmno (Latvian*), HelmnoХелмно (Serbian*), KhelmnoХелмно (Russian*, Ukrainian*), Kulm (German*), Kulmas (Lithuanian*)
  Chemnitz Chemnitz (German*, Finnish*, Romanian*), Chemnicium (Latin*), Kamienica Saska (Polish, historical, obsolete*), Kamjenica (Sorbian), KemnicКемниц (Serbian*), Saská Kamenice (Czech, old*), Karl-Marx-Stadt (German, 1953–1990*)
  Chernihiv ChernigovЧернигов (Russian*), ČernigovЧернигов (Serbian*), ChernihivЧернігів (Ukrainian*), Czernihów (Polish), Tschernigow (obsolete German*), Tschernihiw (German*), Tšernihiv (Finnish)
  Chernivtsi ČarnaŭcyЧарнаўцы (Belarusian*), Cernăuţi (Romanian*), ČernivciЧернивци (Serbian*), Černovice (Czech*, Slovak*), ChernivtsiЧернівці (Ukrainian*), ChernovitsyЧерновицы (Russian, before 1944*), ChernovtsiЧерновци (Bulgarian*), ChernovtsyЧерновцы (Russian*), Csernivci or Csernovic (Hungarian variants), Csernyivci (Hungarian*), Czerniowce (Polish*), Czernovicensia (Ecclesiastical Latin), Czernowitz (German*), Tchernivtsi (French*), Tjernivtsi (Swedish*), Tschernowitz (German variant*), Tšernivtsi (Finnish), Tshernovits – טשערנאָוויץ (Yiddish*), Tsjernivtsi (Norwegian [Nynorsk* and Bokmål*]), Chernovitz – צ'רנוביץ (Hebrew*)
  Chernobyl Cernobâl (Romanian variant*), Çernobıl (Azeri*), Çernobil (Turkish*), Cernobil, Černobyl'* or Čornobyl' (Italian), Cernobîl (Romanian*), Černobil (Slovene*), ČernobiljЧернобиљ (Serbian*), Černobyl (Czech*), Černobyľ (Slovak*), Chernobil or Chernóbil (Portuguese variants*), ChernobylЧернобыль (Russian*), Cherunobuiri – チェルノブイリ (Japanese*), Choreunobil / Ch'orŭnobil – 초르노빌 (Korean), ChornobylЧорнобиль (Ukrainian*), Csernobil (Hungarian*), Czarnobyl (Polish*), Qièěrnuòpéiěr – 切爾諾貝爾 (Chinese*), Searnóbail (Irish), Tchernobil or Tchernóbil (Portuguese variants*), Tchernobyl (French*), Tjernobyl (Swedish*), Tschernobyl or Tschornobyl (German*), Tšernobyl (Finnish), Tšernobõl (Estonian*)
  Chernyakhovsk Černiachovskas (Lithuanian*), Cernihovsk (Romanian*), ČernjahovskЧерњаховск (Serbian), Chernyakhovsk (Russian*), Insterburg (German*), Įsrutis (Lithuanian*), Tšernjahovsk (Finnish), Wystruć (Polish*)
   Chester Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy usually abbreviated to Caer, Historically also known as Deverdoeu (Welsh*), Castra Devana or Deva (Latin*), ČesterЧестер (Serbian)
  Chiusi Camars (Umbrian) Chiusi (Italian), Clevsin (Etruscan), Clusium (Latin), Klysion - Κλύσιον (Ancient Greek)
  Chișinău Chișinău (Catalan*, Finnish*, French*, German*, Portuguese*, Romanian*), Chisinau (Dutch*, Finnish variant*, Portuguese variant*, Spanish*), Císineá (Irish), Keshenev – קעשענעװ (Yiddish*), Kichinev (French variant*), Kischinau (German variant*), Kischinew (German variant*), Kishinau – キシナウ (Japanese*), Kishinev (former English*), Kishinev – קישינב (Hebrew*), KishinjovКишинёв (Russian*), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech*), Kişinev (Turkish*), Kišiņeva (Latvian*), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian*), Kišinjev (Bosnian*, Croatian*, Finnish alternate, Slovene*), KišinjevКишињев (Serbian*), Kišiňov (Slovak*), Kişinyov (Azeri), Kisinyov (Hungarian*), Kisjenő (older Hungarian*), KisnóvioΚισνόβιο (Greek), Kiszyniów (Polish*), KyshynivКишинів (Ukrainian*), Quichinau or Quixinau (Portuguese variants*), Quixineve (Portuguese, obsolete*)
  Chorzów Chorzów (Polish*), Hojūfu – ホジューフ (Japanese*), HožaŭГожаў (Belarusian*), HožovХожов (Serbian), KhozhivХожів (Ukrainian*), KhozhuvХожув (Russian*), Königshütte (German*), Chořov (Czech *), Królewska Huta (Polish, until 1934*)
  Chur Chur (Dutch, German), Coira (Italian*), Coire (French*), Cuira (Romansh*), Curia Raetorum (Latin*), HurХур (Serbian*)
  Čierna nad Tisou Čierna nad Tisou (Slovak*), Chierna-nad-TisoyuЧєрна-над-Тісою (Ukrainian*), Čjerna na TisiЧјерна на Тиси (Serbian), Czerna nad Cisą (Polish*) Tiszacsernyő (Hungarian)
  Cieszyn Cieszyn (Polish*), Teschen (Dutch*, German*), Těšín (Czech*), Tešín (Slovak*), Tessium (Latin*), TješinТјешин (Serbian), TseshinЦешин (Russian*, Ukrainian*)
  Clermont-Ferrand Augustonemetum (Latin*), Clarmont (Occitan*), Clermonte (Spanish*), Klermon FeranКлермон Феран (Serbian*)
  Cleves Cléveris (Spanish*), Clèves (French*), Cleves (Portuguese*), Clivia (Latin), Kleef (Dutch*), Kleve (German*), KleveКлеве (Serbian)
  Cluj-Napoca Claudiopolis (Ecclesiastical Latin*), Cluj (French*, Romanian*,informal), Cluj-Napoca (Dutch*, formal Romanian*), Kaloşvar (Turkish*), Klausenburg (German*), Kluž (Czech*, Slovak*), Kluż (Polish*), Kluž-NapokaКлуж-Напока (Serbian*), Kolozsvár (Hungarian*), Keullujinapoka / K'ŭllujinap'ok'a – 클루지나포카 (Korean*), Napoca (Classical Latin*)
  Cobh An Cóbh (Irish*), KovКов (Serbian), Queenstown or Cove (former English*)
  Coblenz Coblença (Portuguese*), Coblence (French*), Coblenza (Italian*, Spanish*), Confluentes (Latin*), KoblencКобленц (Serbian*), Koblencja (Polish*), Koblenz (Dutch*, Finnish*, German*, Romanian*, Slovene*), Koblenza (Maltese*), Kueblenz (Luxembourgish*)
  Coburg Cobourg (French*), Coburg (Dutch*, German*), Coburgo (Italian*, Portuguese*, Spanish), KoburgКобург (Serbian), KovoúrgonΚοβούργον (Greek Katharevousa*)
  Coimbra Coimbra (Finnish*, Italian*, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Spanish*), Coïmbra (Catalan*) Coimbre (French*), Conimbriga (Latin*), Koimbeura / K'oimbŭra – 코임브라 (Korean), KoimbraКоимбра (Serbian*), Qulumriya (Arabic)
   Colchester Camulodunum (Latin*), Camulodunon (British), KolčesterКолчестер (Serbian)
  Cologne Cöln (older German variant*), Cologne (French*), Colònia (Catalan*), Colonia (Italian*, Spanish*), Colónia (Portuguese*), Cołonia (Venetian*), Colonia Agrippina (Latin*), Cwlen (Welsh*), Keln – קלן (Hebrew*), KelnКелн (Macedonian*, Serbian*), Kel'nКельн (Ukrainian*), Keln – קעלן (Yiddish*), Kelnas (Lithuanian*), Ķelne (Latvian*), Kèlóng 科隆 (Chinese*), Kerun – ケルン (Japanese*), Keulen (Afrikaans*, Dutch*, West Frisian*), Kjol'nКёльн (Russian*), Koelleun / K'oellŭn – 쾰른 (Korean*), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech*), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak*), Kölle (Cologne Ripuarian dialect*, Köln (Azeri*, Estonian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Icelandic*, Romanian*, Swedish*, Turkish*), K'olnКьолн (Bulgarian*), Kolon – कोलोन (Marathi*), Kolon – โคโลญ (Thai*), Kolonia (Basque*, Polish*), KoloníaΚολωνία (Greek*), Kolonja (Maltese), Kūlūniya – كولوني (Arabic*), Køln (Danish*, Norwegian*)
  Comănești Comăneşti (Romanian*), KomaneštiКоманешти (Serbian*), Kománfalva (Hungarian*)
  Como Côme (French*), Comum or Novum Comum (Latin*), Cum (Romansh), KomoКомо (Serbian*)
  Constanța Constança (Brazilian Portuguese*), Constanța (Finnish*, Romanian*), Konstanz or Konstanza (German*), KanstancaКанстанца (Belarusian*), Konstanca (Hungarian*, Polish*, Slovak*), KonstancaКонстанца (Russian*, Serbian*, Ukrainian*), Köstence (Turkish*), KyustendzhaКюстенджа (Bulgarian*), Tomis (Latin*)
  Copenhagen Beirbh (Scottish Gaelic, obsolete), Cóbanhávan (Irish*), Copenaghen (Italian*), Copenhaga (Portuguese*, Romanian*), Copenhague (Brazilian Portuguese*, Catalan*, French*, Spanish*), Gēběnhāgēn – 哥本哈根 (Chinese*), Hafnia (Latin*), Kaufmannshafen (old German*), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic*), Keappenhaven (alternate West Frisian*), Keypmannahavn (Faroese*), Kobenhaven (Slovene*), København (Danish*, Norwegian*), Kodaň (Czech*, Slovak*), Kööpenhamina (Finnish*), KopencháyiΚοπεγχάγη (Greek*), Kopengagen (Russian*), Kopenhaagen (Estonian*), Kopenhag (Turkish*), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian*, Polish *), Kopenhagë (Albanian*), Kopenhagen (Azeri*, Croatian*, Dutch*, German*), KopenhagenКопенхаген or Kupimore – Купиморе (Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Kopenhagen – קופנהגן (Hebrew*), Kopenhāgen – コペンハーゲン (Japanese*), Kopenhagen / K'op'enhagen – 코펜하겐 (Korean), Kopenħagen (Maltese), Kopenhāgena (Latvian*), Kopenhago (Esperanto*), Köpenhamn (Swedish*), Koppenhága (Hungarian*), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic*)
  Cordova Cordoba (Dutch*, German*, Romanian*), Córdoba (Spanish*, Finnish*), Corduba (Latin*), Cordoue (French*), Còrdova (Catalan*), Cordova (English, Interlingua, Italian*, former Romanian*), Córdova (Portuguese*), KordhoúiΚορδούη (Greek Katharevousa*), KórdhovaΚόρδοβα (Demotic Greek*), Kordoba – קורדובה (Hebrew*), KordobaКордоба (Serbian*), Kordoba (Slovene*), Kordova or Qurtuba (Azeri*), Kordova (Latvian*, Ladino *), Kordowa (Polish*), Ladino alternate), Koreudoba / K'orŭdoba – 코르도바 (Korean), Korudoba – コルドバ (Japanese*), Qurtubah (Arabic)
  Corfu Corcira or Corfu (Portuguese*, Romanian*), Corcyra (Latin*), Corcyre (French alternate under Napoleonic rule*), Corfou (French*), Corfù (Italian*), Corfú (Catalan*, Irish, Spanish*), KérkiraΚέρκυρα (Greek*), KerkiraКеркира (Russian*), Koreupu / Korŭp'u – 코르푸 (Korean), Korfoe or Corfu (Dutch*), Korfu (Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Ladino, Polish*, Slovak*, Swedish*, Turkish*), KorfuКорфу (Bulgarian*), Korfù (Maltese), Krf (Croatian*, Slovene*), KrfКрф (Macedonian*, Serbian*), Korfuz (Albanian*)
  Corinth Corint (Catalan*, Romanian*), Corinthe (French*), Corinthus (Latin*), Corintus (Scottish Gaelic, archaic), Corinto (Italian*, Portuguese*, Spanish*), KarynfКарынф (Belarusian*), Korinf (Azeri*), KorinfКоринф (Russian*, Ukrainian*), KorintКоринт (Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Korint (Croatian*, Czech*, Slovak*, Slovene*, Turkish*), Kórinta (Icelandic*), Korinta (Latvian*), Korintas (Lithuanian*), Korinth (Danish*, German*, Swedish*), Korinthe (Dutch*), KórinthosΚόρινθος (Greek*), Korinti (Albanian), Korintosz (Hungarian*), Korintti (Finnish*), Korintu (Maltese), Korynt (Polish*)
  Cork Corc (Welsh*), Corcagia (Latin*), Corcaigh (Irish, Scottish Gaelic*), Cork (Danish*, Dutch*, German*, Italian*, Spanish*, Swedish*), Koreukeu / K'orŭk'ŭ – 코르크 (Korean), Kork (Azeri*), KorkКорк (Serbian*), Korka (Latvian*), Kuò'ěrkǎihè - 阔尔凯赫 (Mandarin)
  Corte Corte (Dutch*, German*, French*, Italian*), Corti (Corsican*), KorteКорте (Serbian)
  Cortona Cortona (Latin, Italian), Curtun - 𐌂𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌍 (Etruscan)
  Corunna A Coruña (Galician*), La Coruña (Spanish*, Dutch*, Finnish*), Corùna (Scottish Gaelic), Corunha (Portuguese*), KorunjaКоруња (Serbian*), La Corogne (French*), La Coruna (Romanian*), Lakoruņa (Latvian*), La Korunya (Ladino*), Rakorūnya – ラ・コルーニャ (Japanese*)
  Cottbus Chociebuż (Polish*), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech*), Chotebuz (archaic Slovak*), Cottbus (German*), KotbusКотбус (Serbian*), Kottbus (archaic German*)
  Crécy Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French*), Kresčak (Czech*, archaic Slovak*), Kresi an PontjeКреси ан Понтје (Serbian*)
  Cuneo Coni (French*, Occitan*, Piedmontese*), Cuneum (Latin*), KuneoКунео (Serbian*)

D edit

English name Other names or former names
  Daugavpils BorisoglebskБорисоглебск (Russian, 1656–1667),[KNAB] Daugavpils (Estonian*, Finnish*, Latvian*, Romanian*), DaugavpilsДаугавпилс (Russian*,[KNAB] Serbian*), Daugawpils (Afrikaans alternative*), Daŭgaŭpils – Даўгаўпілс (Belarusian*), Daugpėlis (Samogitian*), Daugpilis (Lithuanian*),[KNAB] Daugpiļs (Latgalian), Denenburg – דענענבורג (Yiddish*), Dinaburg (Livonian, 1275–1893), Dünaburg (former Estonian*, German*),[KNAB] Dunaburgum, Duna urbs or Duneburgum (Latin),[3][4][5] Duneborch (Low German),[6] Dvinohrad (Czech alternative),[KNAB] Dvinsk – דוינסק (Hebrew*), DvinskДвинcк (archaic Russian*),[KNAB] Dynaburg (archaic Swedish),[KNAB] Dynaburg – Дынабург (archaic Belarusian, archaic Taraškievica Belarusian), Dyneburg (Polish*),[KNAB] Dzvinsk – Дзвінск (Belarusian), DźvinskДзьвінск (Taraškievica Belarusian*), Dźwińsk or Dźwinów (archaic Polish variants*), Väinalinn (archaic Estonian variant),[KNAB] Väinänlinna (Finnish alternative*)[KNAB]
  Dărmănești Dărmănești (Romanian*), DarmaneštiДарманешти (Serbian), Dermenešt' – Дерменешть (Ukrainian*), Dormánfalva (Hungarian*)
  Davos Dabosu – ダボス (Japanese*), Davos (German*), DavosДавос (Russian*, Serbian*), DavósΝταβός (Greek*), Dá wò sī – 達沃斯 (Chinese*), Tafaat (local Romansh dialect), Tavate (Italian, rarely*), Tavau (Romansh*)
  Debrecen Debeurechen / Tebŭrech'en – 데브레첸 (Korean*), Debrecen (Hungarian*, Finnish*), Debrecin (Bosnian*, Croatian*), DebrecinДeбрецин (Serbian*), Debrecín (Slovak*, Czech*), Debrețin (Romanian*), DébretsenΝτέμπρετσεν (Greek*), DebretsinДeбрецин (Russian*), Debreczyn (Polish*), Debretzyn – דעברעצין (Yiddish*), Debrezin (German*), Debrezun (old Hungarian, 13th century)
  Den Bosch Bois-le-Duc (French*), Bolduque (Spanish*), Boscoducale (Italian*), De Bosk (West Frisian*), Den Bosch or 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch*), HertogenbosХертогенбос (Serbian*), Herzogenbusch (German*), Oeteldonk (Brabantian, used during Carnival]*)
  Den Helder De Helder (West Frisian*), Den HalderДен Халдер (Serbian), Den Helder (Dutch*, German*), Le Helder (French*), Nieuwediep (West Frisian dialect)
   Derry DeriДери (Serbian), Derio (Esperanto), Derrie or Lunnonderrie (Ulster Scots), Doire or Doire Chaluim Chille (Scottish Gaelic*), Doire or Doire Cholm Cille (Irish), Londonderry (official English)
  Dijon Castrum Divionense or Diviodunum (Latin*), Digione (Italian*), Dijon (Azeri*, Finnish*, French*, Romanian*), Dijon – דיז'ון (Hebrew*), Dijong / Tijong – 디종 (Korean), DižonДижон (Serbian*), Dižona (Latvian*)
  Domažlice Domažlice (Czech*), Taus (German*)
  Domodossola Dòm (Lombard), Domodossola (Esperanto, Italian, Venetian), Oscela Lepontiorum (Latin), Uscla (Etruscan)
 /  Donetsk AleksandrovkaАлександровка (former Russian, until 1869), Danietsk (Russian*), Doněck (Czech*), Doneck (Slovak*), Doņecka (Latvian*), Doneţk (Romanian*), Donetsiku – ドネツィク (Japanese*), Donetsk (Azeri*, Finnish*), Donetsk – Донецьк (Ukrainian*), Donetskas (Lithuanian*), Donezk (German*), Donieck (Polish*), Donjeck (Serbian*), Donyeck (Hungarian*), Hughesovka / YuzovkaЮзовка (Russian, 1869–1923*), Jousofka (French, 1869–1923*), Trotsk - Тротск (Russian, 1923), StalinСталин (former Russian, 1924–1929*), StalinoСталино (former Russian, 1929–1961*), YuzivkaЮ́зівка (Ukrainian, 1869–1924*)
  Douai Douai (French), Douay (former French), Dowaai (Dutch), Doway (former English), Duacum (Latin), Duagio (old Italian)
   Douglas Doolish (Manx*), Douglas (English), Dùghlais (Scottish Gaelic), Dúglas (Irish)
   Dover Dōbā – ドーバー (Japanese*), Dobeo / Tobŏ – 도버 (Korean), Douvres (French*), Dover (Dutch, Finnish*, German, Hungarian*, Italian, Romanian*, Spanish), Dover – דובר (Hebrew*), Dôver (Portuguese*), Doveris (Lithuanian*), Dubris (Latin*), Duvra (Latvian*), Dúvres (former Spanish)
  Dresden Délěisīdùn – 德累斯顿 (Chinese*), Deureseuden / Tŭresŭden – 드레스덴 (Korean*), Doresuden – ドレスデン (Japanese*), Drážďany (Czech*, Slovak*), Dresda (Italian*, variant in Portuguese*, Romanian*), Dresde (French*, Spanish*), Dresden (Dutch*, Finnish*, German*, Portuguese*, Swedish*, Turkish*), DrésdiΔρέσδη (Greek*), Drezda (Hungarian*), Drezden (Azeri*), DrezdenДрезден (Bulgarian*, Russian*, Serbian*), Drezden – דרזדן (Hebrew*), Drezdenas (Lithuanian*), Drēzdene (Latvian*), Drezno (Polish*), Drježdźany (Lower Sorbian)
  Drobeta-Turnu Severin Drobeta-Turnu Severin (official Romanian*), Drobetae (Latin), Severin (Romanian, informal*), Szörényvár (Hungarian*), Turnu Severin (former Romanian*)
  Drohiczyn DarahičynДарагічын (Belarusian*), Dorohochyn (Ukrainian*), Drohičinas (Lithuanian*), Drohiczyn (Polish*)
  Drohobych Drogobâci (Romanian*), Drogobych -Дрогобыч (Russian*), DrohobychДрогобич (Ukrainian*), Drohobycz (Polish*), Drohobytsch (German*), Drubitsh – דראָהאָביטש (Yiddish*)
  Dublin Áth Cliath (Irish short form), Baile Átha Cliath (Irish*), Baile Àth Cliath (Scottish Gaelic*), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian*), Dablin – דבלין (Hebrew*), Daburin – ダブリン (Japanese*), Deobeullin / Tŏbŭllin – 더블린 (Korean), Difelin (Old English*), Dubhlind or Duibhlind (early Classical Irish variants*), Dubhlinn (archaic Irish*), Dublim (Portuguese*), Dublin (Azeri*, Brazilian Portuguese*, Dutch*, French*, Hungarian*, Interlingua, Maltese, Romanian*, Swedish*, Turkish*), Dublín (Catalan*, Finnish*, Spanish*), DublinДублин (Russian*), Duḃlinn, Duiḃlinn or Duibhlinn (historical Irish*), Dublina (Latvian*), Dublinas (Lithuanian*), Dublino (Italian*), Dūbólín – 都柏林 (Chinese*), Dulenn (Breton*), Dulyn (Welsh*), DuvlínoΔουβλίνο (Greek*), Dyvlinarskire (old Swedish*), Dyflin (Old Norse*), Dyflinni (Icelandic*), Divlyn (Manx*)
  Dubrovnik Dubeurobeunikeu / Tubŭrobŭnik'ŭ – 두브로브니크 (Korean), Dubrovnic (Romanian*), Dubrovnik (Albanian*, Azeri*, Croatian*, Dutch*, Finnish*, German*, Portuguese*, Serbian*, Slovene*, Swedish*, Turkish*), Dubrovnik – דוברובניק (Hebrew*), DubrovnikДубровник (Bulgarian *, Serbian *), Dubrovník (Czech*, Slovak*), Dubrovnika (Latvian*), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian*), Dubrownik (Polish*), RagoúsaΡαγούσα (Greek*), Ragusa (Dalmatian, former English, former German*, Italian*, former Romanian*), Raguse (old French*), Raguza (former Hungarian*, Ottoman Turkish*), Rhagusium (Latin)
  Duisburg Dīsburga (Latvian*), Duisbourg (French*), Duisburg (Czech *, Danish*, Dutch *, German*, Italian*, Polish*, Swedish*), Duisburgas (Lithuanian*), Duisburgo (Spanish*, Portuguese*)
  Dún Laoghaire Dùn Laoghaire (Scottish Gaelic*), Dunleary (anglicised form pre-1821, still reflected in the pronunciation of "Dún Laoghaire" by English-speakers), Kingstown (English, 1821–1921*)
  Dunkirk Dankeruku – ダンケルク (Japanese*), Dinkerk – דנקרק (Hebrew*), Djunkerk – Дюнкерк (Russian*),[KNAB] Doengkeleukeu – 됭케르크 (Korean*), Doncherche (archaic Italian),[7] Donkarkız (Turkish*), DounkérkiΔουνκέρκη (Greek*), Duinkerke (Dutch*),[KNAB]) Duinkerken (Afrikaans*, alternative Dutch),[KNAB] Dukark (Breton*),[KNAB] Dūnkè'ěrkè – 敦克爾克 (Mandarin Chinese*), Dunkèke (Picard*), Dunkerque (French*, Italian*, Romanian*),[KNAB] Dunkierka (Polish*),[KNAB] Dünkirchen (German*),[KNAB] Dunkirk (Hungarian), Dunquerca (Latin*), Dunquèrca (Occitan*), Dunquerque (Portuguese*, Spanish*), Dúntsjerk (West Frisian*), Duunkerke (local Flemish*)
  Durrës Dıraç (Turkish*), DirráchioΔυρράχιο (Modern Greek*), Drač (Croatian*, Czech*, Slovene*), DračДрач (Macedonian*, Serbian*), DrachДрач (former Bulgarian*), Duras (former French*), Durazo (Portuguese*), Durazzo (Italian*), Durrës (Albanian*, Romanian*), DurŭsДуръс (Bulgarian*), DyrrhachionΔυρράχιον (Byzantine Greek), Dyrrhachium (Latin*), Epidamnos (Ancient Greek*)
  Düsseldorf Diseldorf – דיסלדורף (Hebrew*), DiseldorfДиселдорф (Serbian*), Diseldorfa (Latvian*), DísseldorfΝτίσελντορφ (Greek*), Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian*), Düsseldorf (Azeri*, Brazilian Portuguese*, Estonian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Romanian*, Swedish*, Turkish*), Dusseldorf (Italian*), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese*), Dusseldorp (Dutch, antiquated*), Düsseldorp (former local dialect), Dusserudorufu – デュッセルドルフ (Japanese*), Dwiseldoreupeu / Twiseldorŭp'ŭ – 뒤셀도르프 (Korean)

References edit

  1. [KNAB] "KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI". Eki.ee. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  1. ^ "Kyiv (Kiev) Travel Guide. Kiev?, Kyiv?! Which is right?".
  2. ^ Jian and kang are approximations of the sound Cam, qiao means "bridge".
  3. ^ Johann Jacob Hofmann: Lexicon universale, […]. Jacob Hackius et al., Leiden 1698, s. v. "Duneburgum" (text online).
  4. ^ Johannes Micraelius: Historia politica, […]. Gottfried Liebezeit, Leipzig and Frankfurt 1702, p. 352.
  5. ^ Saxo Grammaticus: Historia Danica, ed. Peter Erasmus Müller. Vol 2. Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1839, p. 1023 (Index II. Nomina locorum).
  6. ^ Hermannus de Wartberge: Chronicon Livoniae, ed. Ernst Strehlke. S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1863, p. 48 et passim.
  7. ^ Istoria del regno di Luigi XIV re di Francia, e di Navarra Vol. 4. Marino Rossetti, Venice 1724, p. 527.